Suggp(ar Maple (Acer Saccharum

Sugarg Maplep ((Acer saccharum))Health Management PlanRick MorrillApril 28th 2008FES 557

Outline Background on Sugar Maple characteristics Abiotic complex: Maple Winter DeclinepSugarg Maplep Borer ((Glycobiusyspeciosus)p) Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Health Management Plan (HMP) ConclusionsCl i

Why is Sugar Maple Important Aesthetic value– Fall foliage 6644BUhQbL fs.jpg Maple Syrup– 7 million producedd i 2006 seasonduringin Maine

Why is Sugar Maple Important High value wood productsMaine Stumpage Prices 2006Veneer (p(per MBF))Avgg Min MaxRed Oak 536 50 1,010Sugar Maple 529 186 1,200Yellow Birch 499 202 oalbum/Logs and Lumber/Hard Maple Logs/tn/Red Oak and Hard Maple Rotary logs.gifMaine Stumpage Prices 2006Sawlogs (per MBF) Avg Min MaxSugar Maple 263 35 725Red Oak 227 10 650Yellow Birch 169 25 bra 2.jpg

Management Objective Natural regenerationhttp://www.hubbardbrook.org/w6 tour/tree-stop/sugar-maple/maple-lvs-400.jpg SawlogSawlog and veneergrade productswww.hkconserve.com/hardwoodmgmt.php

Tree Adaptations Soils– DeepDlloams– Moist but well drained– pH 5.5-7.3 Sites– “Goldie Lox sites”Leak, Riddle, Collins. USDA FS NE-INF-37-79Leak, Riddle, Collins. USDA FS NE-INF-37-79

Tree Adaptations Climate– Cool and moist TolerantSUGAR MAPLE maple beach forest 556x400.jpgThe native range of Sugar Maple (Goodman 1990)

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Symptoms–Crown transparency://www.hubbardbrook.org/w6 cedReduced radial growth://www.hubbardbrook.org/w6 wn diebackwww.hubbardbrook.org/w6 tour/treestop/sugar-maple/maple-lvs-400.jpg

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Signs– Extreme winter thaw/freeze events– Below freezing temps–Open /winter icicle-j1.jpghttp://www.ecostudies.org/people sci groffman snow summary.html

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Environment– Rangeg MapspSUGAR MAPLE RANGEThe native range of Sugar Maple (Goodman 1990)USFS Tree AtlasGoogle Earth Map

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Predisposing– Overtapping– Stand age– Off siteit– Stand density– PreviousP ect-Emerald defoliation.jpg

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Inciting– Freezing temps and no snow– Can serve as inciting stress ContributingC t ib ti– Drought– Defoliation

Abiotic Complex: Maple Winter Decline Control Options– Cultural Favor on best sites Silvicultural thinning Uneven age silvicultureLeak, Riddle, Collins. USDA FS nh/bartlett/www.forestguild.org

Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Borer(Glycobius speciosus) Symptoms– Horizontal crack– Branch death– Crown diebackClaude Monnier, Natural Resources Canada, CanadianForest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre

Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Borer(Glycobius speciosus) Signs– Wet spot on bark– Frass– InitialI iti l barkb k cracksk– Galleries– InsectItAllen 1992 NY FOREST OWNER MAR/APRClaude Monnier, Natural Resources Canada, CanadianForest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centrehttp://bugguide.net/node/view/11422/bgimage

Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Borer(Glycobius speciosus) Environment– Throughout Sugar Maple range Predisposing– Lifecycle 4 stages 2 year lifecycle

Summer #1 Larvae bores horizontal chamberEggs laid in ush/glycobius-speciosus-images/2Overwinter #1Hoffard and Marshall 1978 NA-GR-1Sugar Maple BorerLife CyclePupate StageSummer #2 Larvae bores vertical chamberOverwinter glycobius-speciosus-images/2Hoffard and Marshall 1978 NA-GR-1

Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Borer(Glycobius speciosus) Inciting– Borer is NOT an inciting agent– Agents that weaken trees Contributing– Acts as a contributing agent– Associated agents

Biotic complex: Sugar Maple Borer(Glycobius speciosus) Control options– Cultural Favor on best sites Silvicultural thinning Cull damagedg stems in harvest– Mechanical The wire g/sugarmaple.jpg

Sugar MapleH l h ManagementHealthMPlanPl Pre-emptive– Favor on best sites– Silvicultural thinning Target low vigor treesLeak, Riddle, Collins. USDA FS NE-INF-37-79www.hkconserve.com/hardwoodmgmt.php

Sugar MapleHealth Management Plan Monitoring– Initial symptoms are hidden– Some symptoms develop later– Monitor for susceptible trees/stands– Integrate with normal forest inventory

Sugar MapleH l h ManagementHealthMPlanPl Reactive– RRemove ddamagedd stemst– Avoid premature salvage– Combat future agents Feasibility and Rationale– Preemptive silviculturalactions– Reactive on case by casebasiswww.hkconserve.com/hardwoodmgmt.php

Conclusions Maintain stand vigor Culture on appropriate sites Monitor Use control measures with care

ReferencesLeak, William B.; Riddle, JaneR. 1979. Why trees grow where they do inNew Hampshire Forests NE-INF-37-79.Broomall, Pennsylvania: U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, NortheasternResearch Station. 26p.Hoffard, William H.; Marshall, PhilipT. 1978. HOW to Identify and ControlSugar Maple Borer NA-GR-1. [Broomall,PA] U.S.PA]:US DDept.t off Agriculture,A i ltFForesttService, Northern Area State & PrivateForestry.Questions?

Suggp(ar Maple (Acer saccharum) Health Management Plan Rick Morrill April 28April 28th 2008 FES 557. Outline Background on Sugar Maple characteristics Abiotic complex: Maple Winter Decline Biotic comppg plex: Sugar Maple Borer (Glyyp )cobius speciosus)