THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN SRI LANkA SRI LANKA
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankaCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18SRI LANKASUMMARYSri Lanka is a unitary democratic republic with three levels of government: national,provincial and local. Local government is enshrined in the 13th amendment to theconstitution. The second-tier provincial authorities are governed by the ProvincialCouncils Act 1987. The main Acts relating to third-tier local authorities are the UrbanCouncils Ordinance 1939, the Municipal Councils Ordinance 1947 and the PradeshiyaSabhas Act (No. 15 of 1987). The Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils isresponsible for policy and legislation at the national level, while the provincial ministersof local government are responsible for the day to day administration and supervisionat local level. There are nine second-tier provinces and 341 third-level local government:24 municipal councils, 41 urban councils and 276 pradeshiya sabhas (village councils).A revision in local government legislation introduced a reserved quota of council seatsfor women, and after the 2018 local elections, 29.1% of councillors were female, up from1.9% in 2011. Grants are provided from national government through provincial councils,and local authorities are responsible for the collection of taxes which are delegated anduser fees as well as property rates and rents. Provincial councils’ responsibilities includedevelopment planning, education, and health and social welfare. Local authorities haveresponsibility for public health, utility services and rural roads. Pradeshiya sabhas havesome additional developmental responsibilities.1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENTSri Lanka is a unitary democratic republicwith a unicameral parliament.43.1a Thehead of state and head of governmentis the president, who is directly electedand must secure over 50% of the vote.The president may serve a maximumof two five-year terms. Executive poweris accorded to the president, whomay summon, suspend or prorogue alegislative session. The president appointsthe prime minister, the leader of themajority party in the parliament. On theadvice of the prime minister the presidentis responsible for the appointment of thecabinet from members of parliament.The parliament consists of 225 memberselected under a modified system ofproportional representation to serve asix-year term. Of these 196 are electedfrom multi-member constituencies, withthe remaining 29 seats apportioned onthe basis of the proportion recieved ofthe national vote and filled by nomineesof the political parties or independantgroups. To qualify for a seat a party mustsecure 5% of the vote. Following the2015 national election, 5.8% of electedrepresentatives were women.43.1b2. LEGAL BASIS FORLOCAL GOVERNMENT2.1 Constitutional provisionsLocal government enshrined in andrecognised as subordinate level ofgovernment under the direct purview ofprovicial councils, the 13th amendmentto the constitution,43.2a which states:‘Local authorities will have the powersvested in them under existing law, theMunicipal Councils Ordinance and theUrban Councils Ordinance. Pradeshiyasabhas will have the powers vestedin them under existing law. It will beopen to the provincial council to conferadditional powers on local authoritiesbut not to take away their powers.’www.clgf.org.uk/sri lanka2.2 Main legislative textsThe principle laws relating to localauthorities are the Urban CouncilsOrdinance 1939, the Municipal CouncilsOrdinance 1947 and the PradeshiyaSabhas Act (No. 15 of 1987). The followingsix amendment Acts passed in 2016/17: Local Authorities Elections(Amendment ) Act (No. 31 of 2017)Local Authorities Filling of Vacancies(Special Provisions) (Amendment)Acts (Nos. 34, 35, 36 and 37 of 2014)Municipal Council (Amendment) Act(No. 34 of 2014)Urban Council (Amendment) Act (No.35 of 2014)Pradeshiya Sabha (Amendment) Act(No. 36 of 2014).2.3 Recent legislative changesKey interventions under taken by thegovernment include: Revision of archaic Municipal, UrbanCouncils and Pradeshiya Sabas lawsenabling them to respond effectivelyto emerging challenges.Reverting to a ward–based, first pastthe post/ mixed proportional systemcoupled with a 25% mandatory quotafor women.Introduction of a rationalised criteriato create and /or upgrade localauthorities, requiring the approval ofthe Cabinet of MinistersIntroduction of a new accountingsystem for local authorities based oninternationally accepted standards,An eLocal Government Programmeto streamline accounting andmanagerial decision- makingprocesses within local authorities.Incorporation of scientific solid wastemanagement technologies.KEY FACTSPOPULATION (2017 estimate):21,444,000AREA (UN 2006):65,610 sq kmCAPITAL:Sri Jayawardenapura-KotteCURRENCY:Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)HEAD OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT:President Maithripala SirisenaFORM OF GOVERNMENT:democratic republicPARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM:unicameralSTATE STRUCTURE:unitaryLANGUAGES: Sinhala and Tamil (official)NATIONAL ELECTIONS:parliamentary:last: 2015, turnout: 77.7%; next: 2021presidential:last: 2015, turnout: 81.5%; next: 2020WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2015):5.8%PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS: last: 2012, 2013and 2014 turnout: 67% (2014); next: 2018/19LOCAL ELECTIONS: last: Feb 2018,turnout: 75%; next: 2022WOMEN COUNCILLORS (2018):29.1%LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREas a percentage of total governmentexpenditure 2013/14:na227
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankaCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18Table 43.1a Distribution of councils and populationProvincial councilsDistrictLocal asabhasTotalPopulation(2011 Census)Population(2017 est)% rural,including teaestates (2010)Central34638482,571,5572,722,00089.4North Western21329342,380,8612,508,00095.9North urce: FSLGA communication with CLGF and 2011 census43.3a and population projection43.3bn2.4 National urban policyWhilst there is no comprehensivenational Urban Policy, the UrbanDevelopment Authority (UDA) wasestablished by act no 41 of 1978 with aview to promote integrated planningand implementation of economic,social and physical development ofurban areas. Accordingly UDA has beenempowered to function as the key urbanplanning and implementing agency ofthe country. Furthermore, the Ministryof Megapolis and Western Developmentwas established in 2015. with its primeobjective to bring systematic changesand development processes into theurban community in Sri Lanka whichwill ensure that the inhabitants of urbanareas become a part of socio economicdevelopment of the country whilemaintaining high levels in quality of life.This will pave the way for making SriLanka a commercial, naval and aviationhub of Asia. In this context the ministryenvisages transforming the entireWestern Province into a Megapolis areato usher in comprehensive developmentwithin the next five years. The scope ofwork under Ministry’s purview wouldprimarily include macro level planningof the western megapolis region basedon creating well-designed, green, cleanand smart urban settlements in strategiclocations of the country with theengagement of best design, engineeringand town planning skills, state-of-the-arttechnology and world best practices.’3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT3.1 Local government within the stateSri Lanka has three levels of government:national, provincial and local. Devolutionof power is made under three lists inthe ninth schedule of the constitution.List I identifies the powers of provincialcouncils, while List II, the reserved228list, specifies the powers reservedto national government. List III, theconcurrent list, outlines the powersthat may be exercised by the nationalgovernment or the provincial councilsin concurrence with each other. Thirdtier local authorities are vested withthe power to create by-laws passedwith the approval of the minister andthe parliament/provincial councils. Thispower-sharing initiative was undertakenprimarily as an alternative to demandsfor a separate state by the Tamil politicalparties and militant separatist groups. Itwas also seen as a measure to enhancedemocratic participation in the process ofgovernment by communities and groups.3.2 Ministerial oversightThe Ministry of Local Government andProvincial Councils (MLGPC) is responsiblefor policy and legislation at the nationallevel, while the provincial ministers oflocal government are responsible foradminstration and supervision at thelocal level.43.3c The national-level ministerhas powers to create, reconstitute orupgrade a local authority based onthe recommendations of a committeeestablished for these purposes.Furthermore, under the three principalActs for local government, the nationallevel minister may curtail or extend theterm of office of the three types of localcouncil by one year.The national levelFinance Commission advises on theallocation of grants to the provincialcouncils which include local authoritygrants. A high court has also beenestablished in each province to resolverelevent provincial affairs and functionunder the supervision of the centraljudicial arm. Reforms recommendedby the commission have been made bythe Ministry of Local Government andProvincial Councils in the following areas:citizen participation; responsivenessto the needs of local constituencies;efficiency, effectiveness and productivity;and the development of a citizens’charter. The ministry, supported by theSri Lanka Institute for Local Governance,is also carrying out capacity and skillbuilding programmes for officials andelected representatives.3.3 Council typesIn the second tier of governmentthere are nine provinces which, foradministrative purposes, are divided into25 districts and 331 divisional secretariats.These secretariats, in most cases, areco-terminous with the 341 third-tier localauthorities made up of 24 municipalcouncils, 41 urban councils and 276 ruralpradeshiya sabhas. With the exceptionof the municipal councils’ financecommittees, the standing committeesare not empowered to make decisionswithout referring to the council.3.3.1 Provincial councils were established bythe 13th amendment to the constitution,which mandated the following elements:the appointment and powers of thegovernor and a board of ministers; thecouncil membership, tenure and legislativepower of the councils; and alternativearrangements in the event of a failure in theadministrative machinery. The provincialminister for local government has oversightresponsibility, with authority beingdelegated to the provincial commissionerof local government. The power todissolve a council is also exercised at theprovincial level and there have been casesof mayors/ chairpersons being suspendeddue to charges of mismanagement andmalpractice. Each province has a governorappointed by the president for a fiveyear term, exercising provincial executivepower and responsible for executing thewww.clgf.org.uk/sri lanka
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankaCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18policies of the provincial council througha board of ministers headed by a chiefminister and comprising no more thanfour other ministers. In addition, eachprovincial council has a chairman and avice-chairman elected from among itsmembers. In the event of dissolution ofthe provincial council, the chairpersoncontinues to hold office until the newcouncil is constituted. The chief secretary,appointed by the president, is the seniormost public official in the provincial publicservice.development, technical services,and environment and amenities.Presentation of matters to the councilmust be directed through the standingcommittees. There is discretion toappoint special committees.legislation with a turnout of aproximately75%.43.6a This was the first time all localelections were held on the same day.Provincial council elections are due inOctober 2018 and were last held in 2012,except for the Northern Province wherethey were held in 2013.3.3.2.2 Urban councils are led by afull-time chairperson, nominated bythe majority party or group, who holdsoffice for four years. Urban councils donot have a legal requirement to establishcommittees; however, the proposedlegislative ammendments of the principalordinance have mandatory provisionto establish committees and to inviteknowledgeable citizens onto them.3.3.2 The urban authorities comprise24 municipal councils covering thecities and larger towns and 41 urbancouncils covering smaller towns and lessurbanised areas. In addition, pradeshiyasabhas cover areas which largely includesmall townships in rural areas.4.2 Voting systemThe new election system was introducedby Local Government AuthoritiesElections (Amendment) Act No. 16 of2017 and the total number of localauthority members at the ward level wasdetermined by the National DelimitationCommission (NDC). The elections underthe mixed electoral system, whereby 60percent of members represent singlemember or multi-member wards and40 percent are returned from a list called‘additional persons’ list’ with no affiliationto a specific ward. Two nominationpapers must be submitted by eachparty. One comprises the number ofcandidates equivalent to 60 percent ofthe total number of members of thelocal authority and the other comprisesthe number equivalent to 40 percentof the total number of members of thelocal authority plus three additionalnames. Candidates under the firstnomination paper will contest, and are3.3.3 Pradeshiya Sabhas are led by afull-time chairperson, nominated bythe majority party or group, who holdsoffice for four years. the proposedammendments to the principalordinance will enpower PradeshiyaSabhas to appoint committees in asimilar manner to urban councils.3.3.2.1 Municipal councils are led bya full-time mayor, nominated by themajority party or group, who holdsoffice for four years. There are noexecutive committees or cabinets.The Municipal Councils Ordinancestipulates that standing committeesmust be appointed for finance andpolicy planning, housing and community4. ELECTIONS4.1 Recent local electionsElections for the 341 local councils wereheld in February 2018 under the newTable 43.1b Number of women councillors and mayors following the last three local electionsCouncillors20082011All councillors#Female councillors641.8 85Male councillors3,55898.2 4,515Total councillors3,622100.0%Pradeshiya sabha(PS) councillors#Female PScouncillorsMayors%#2018%2008#%All mayorschairpersons1.82,526,29.1Female mayors/chairpersons98.26,69977.1Male mayors/chairpersons 4,600100.08,690100.0#%#%Pradeshiya sabha(PS) chairpersonsTotal .9nanaFemale PSchairpersons20.841.5nanaMale PS councillors3,29298.53,17397.8nanaMale PSchairpersons23499.226598.2nanaTotal PS 00.0na100.0%#%Urban& municipal(U&M) mayors/chairpersonsUrban andmunicipal (U&M)councillors#Female U&McouncillorsMale U&McouncillorsTotal U&Mcouncillors%#Total PSchairpersons#%#%#%133.4112.6nanaFemale anaMale 00.0na100.060100.042100.0na100.0Total U&M mayors/chairpersonsSource: MLGPC communication with CLGF and the UNDP ‘Women in local government in Asia Pacific’ status report 201343.4cwww.clgf.org.uk/sri lanka229
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankaentitled to be elected as members of thelocal authority; and persons under thesecond nomination paper are entitled toreturn as members of that LGA based onthe proportion of seats their party wins.4.3 Elected representativesMayors, deputy mayors, chairpersons andvice-chairpersons are nominated by thepolitical party which has secured thegreatest number of seats in the election.The Commissioner of Elections confirmstheir appointments.4.4 Women’s representationThe Local Authorities Elections(amendments) Act 201743.4b requires aminimum 25% women’s representationin each council. Section 27F of theamendment, states that 10 percent ofthe members assigned to a ward mustbe women and 50 percent of memberson the additional persons list mustbe women. At the end of the electionmandatory 25% women seats are to bemade up of a mixture of ward winnersand from the additional persons list. Theonly exception is when a party recievesthree or less seats. Following the 2018election, 29.1% of councillors were women,6.2% (535/8,690) were directly elected,with the proportion being raised throughthe appointment of a further 1,991from party lists to ensure the minimumrequirement. 15 councils in the Northand North East were not able to fulfil the25% requirement due to the number ofparties contesting not winning more thanthree seats. This is a significant rise from2011 when approximately 1.8% (85/ 4,600)were women, and 1.8% (64/3,622)following the 2008 elections. For councilleaders (mayors and chairpersons), thenumber following the 2018 election isnot yet known, however following the 2011election, women formed 1.9% of the total(6/311), down from 2.7% following the 2008election. See table 43.1b.5. SYSTEMS FORCOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT5.1 Legal requirementAll councils should promote socialinclusivity, civil society participation andpartnerships – as mandated by Section4.5 of the government’s ExtraordinaryGazette number 1632/26 issued on19 December 2009.5.2 ImplementationHowever, community involvement has notbeen systematically implemented so far inlocal authorities – although some councils,with the support of external agencies, havedeveloped participatory budgets.5.3 ICT use in citizen engagementThe Ministry of Local Government andProvincial Councils, with the support of230the Information and CommunicationTechnology Agency of Sri Lanka (a WorldBank-funded project for e-government)has developed a computerised systemfor local government authorities. Thisprogram will help citizens to accessservices provided by local authorities.Some municipal and urban councils andpradeshiya sabhas are using internet andemail facilities, but not at satisfactorylevels, due to non-availability of bothphysical and human resources. The‘eLocal Government project’ has beenproposed to address the problem ofpoor service delivery and socio-economiccontribution of the local authoritiesdue to ineffective and inefficientgovernance. It envisages developingand implementing ICT based solutionswhich can be freely deployed at alllocal authorities to meet their genericrequirements. These requirementsinclude increasing the efficiency andeffectiveness in governance, assuringcitizen-friendly delivery of servicesby improving social accountabilityand transparency, enhancement ofsocial inclusiveness and access toopportunities. The eLocal governmentrollout involves implementing the eLocalgovernment products in different typesof local authorities dispersed aroundthe country. The ‘eLocal GovernmentProject’ is currently in an acceleratedpath of implementation which hascompleted 30 authorities across the 25districts and plans to complete all 341 by2019. The solution was conceptualizedafter a comprehensive re-engineeringexercise, thus by looking at the benefitsof citizens.6. ORGANISED LOCAL GOVERNMENT6.1 National local government associationThere are three voluntary associationsrepresenting municipalities, urbancouncils and pradeshiya sabhas: theNational Chapter of Mayors, the UnitedUrban Councils Association and the SriLanka Pradeshiya Sabha Association.These three associations also formedthe Federation of Sri Lankan LocalGovernment Authorities (FSLGA) in 2007as an umbrella organisation representingthe interests of local governmentauthorities in Sri Lanka.43.6 Membershipof all four bodies is voluntary and all arefunded by member subscriptions andother income-generating activities.7. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSThe chief ministers of the provincialcouncils organise regular conferences inwhich the national-level Minister for LocalGovernment and Provincial Councils isalso invited to participate as the nationalgovernment representative.43.7Meetings are also held betweenrepresentatives of sector/line ministries,the provincial chief secretaries, andCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18the secretaries of the Provincial PublicService Commission. The nationallevel Ministry of Local Government andProvincial Councils also holds monthlycoordinating meetings with the provincialcommissioners and other organisationsworking in the local governmentsector. The Sri Lanka Institute of LocalGovernance, set up under Act No. 31 of1999, also has a facilitating role, providingprofessional support to both provincialcouncils and local authorities, as well asresearch support to the national ministryfor the formulation of policies on localgovernment.8. MONITORING SYSTEMSLocal authorities are accountable to theauditor general for funds transferredto them by national governmentthrough the provincial councils. Thisrequirement is specified in Section 218of the Municipal Councils Ordinance1947, Section 181 of the Urban CouncilsOrdinance 1939, and Section 172 of thePradeshiya Sabhas Act 1987.9. FINANCE, STAFFING AND RESOURCES9.1 Local government expenditureThere is no information available on localgovernment expenditure.9.2 Locally raised revenueAt the third tier, local authorities areresponsible for collection of local taxesand user fees, as well as other sourcesof revenue such as property rates andassessments and rents. Locally-raisedtaxes must be levied within limitsprescribed by national government.9.3 TransfersGrants are provided from bothprovincial and national government.National government provides financialtransfers to cover salaries in whole orin part and also to meet the monthlyallowance payable to councillors. Inthe pradeshiya sabhas, the wholesalary bill is covered, whereas in thesmaller urban authorities it is closer to70%.43.9 In Colombo Municipal Councilit is about 50%. There is no formalpolicy of revenue sharing and grantdecisions are made on a case-by-casebasis by the Finance Commission. TheLocal Loan and Development Fund is astatutory body providing over LKR100mof loans per year to local governmentat below-market rates, with a focus oninfrastructure development.9.4 LoansThe Local Loans and Development Fund(LLDF) is the statutory body establishedunder the Local Loans and DevelopmentOrdinance No.22 of 1916. Initially theobjective of the fund was to providewww.clgf.org.uk/sri lanka
COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18loans to any local authority. The fundfunctions under the minister in charge oflocal government. The LLDF is managedby a Board of Commissioners (BoC),comprising seven chief secretaries, twoprovincial commissioners, one membernominated by the Minister of Financeand three persons nominated by theMinister in charge of Local Government.The secretary to the ministry of localgovernment is the ex-officio chairperson.The prime function of LLDF is to meetthe capital investment needs of the localauthorities and it provides long termloans at a concessionary rates of interest.9.5 Local authority staffThe Provincial Councils Act 1987established a provincial public service(PPS) into which local governmentofficers were transferred from thenational local government service. Thegovernor of each province has powersof appointment, transfer, dismissaland disciplinary control over officersof the PPS. These powers may bedelegated to the PPS Commission,which may in turn delegate to othersenior officials. National governmentstaff are occasionally deployed tolocal government, but on a temporarybasis. Municipal councils must have acommissioner, the head of the paidservice, by law. The commissioner is thechief administrative officer, to whomheads of divisions or departmentsare accountable. The heads of thesedepartments are typically a secretary,an administrative officer, an accountant,an engineer, a chief medical officerand occasionally a veterinary surgeon.In the urban councils and pradeshiyasabhas the head of the paid serviceis the secretary, who acts as the chiefadministrative officer, supported by amulti-disciplinary team of officers.10. DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICEDELIVERY RESPONSIBILITY10.1 Overview of local governmentservice delivery responsibilitySome of the major functionsdevolved to provincial councilsinclude implementation of provincialdevelopment planning, education, health,social welfare, rural development, landuse and land development, cooperativedevelopment, and local governmentoversight. Municipal councils, urbancouncils and pradeshiya sabhas arewww.clgf.org.uk/sri lankaTHE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankacharged with the regulation and controlof, and all matters relating to, publichealth, public utility services and publicthoroughfares, and generally withthe protection and promotion of thecomfort, convenience and wellbeingof the people. The pradeshiya sabhashave some additional developmentalresponsibilities.10.2 ICT use in service deliveryThe Ministry of Provincial Councils andLocal Government with the support ofICT agency of Sri Lanka, is developing asingle portal to provide a virtual interfacefor the service delivery aspect of thelocal authorities. The portal is beingdeveloped in a manner that it wouldenable the issuing of permits, licensesand certificates, provide commonservices and individual services, andthe management of a local authorty’sdevelopment projects. It will furtherprovide support for front office servicedelivery, manage complaints, grievancesand feedbacks, collect regular and adhoc revenues, assist with budget, financeand asset management. The systemis centralised to enable an aggregateoverview from the Ministry.10.3 The role of local governmentin achieving the UN SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs)The Government’s 2017 report ‘Statusof Sustainable Development GoalsIndicators in Sri Lanka’ acknowledgesthat ‘by developing sustainablegrowth policies, local governments inpartnership with the community canimprove the quality of life of citizensand contribute to protecting the globalenvironment’.43.1043.3b Mid-year Population Estimates byDistrict & Sex, 2012 - 2017 20district.pdf43.4c Ministry of Local Government andProvincial Councilswww.pclg.gov.lk43.4a Department of Electionswww.slelections.gov.lk43.4b Women’s Political Representationin Local Government Institutes:25% Quota and Way Forward. Lawand Society Trust - 2016 ations/documents/english-20160602150738.pdf43.4c UNDP ‘Women in localgovernment in Asia Pacific’ statusreport 2013 (unpublished)43.5 No reference for this section43.6 Federation of Sri Lankan LocalGovernment Authoritieswww.fslga.org43.7 Provincial cils.html43.8 Status of Sustainable DevelopmentGoals Indicators in Sri Lanka2017 /book.pdf43.9 Government of Sri Lankawww.priu.gov.lk43.10 No reference for this section43.11a UN statistics surface area b/dyb2006/Table03.pdf43.11b Commonwealth Local Governmentknowledge hub c UNDP HDR Sri Lanka countryprofile ENCES AND USEFUL WEBSITES43.1a National government portalwww.gov.lk43.1b Women in national parliaments.Inter-Parliamentary Unionwww.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm43.2a. Constitution of Sri ction.htm43.2b The Western Region Metropolisplan https://megapolis.gov.lk43.3a 2011 Census of Population andHousing 31
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN sri lankaCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18Annex 43a Summary of service provision in different spheres of government in Sri LankaDelivering snnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnRemarksGENERAL ADMINISTRATIONPoliceFire protectionCivil protectionnCriminal justicenCivil status registernStatistical officenElectoral registernnEDUCATIONPre-school (kindergarten and nursery)PrimarynnSecondarynnVocational and technicalnnHigher educationnnAdult educationnnFamily welfare servicesnnWelfare homesnnSocial securitynSOCIAL WELFAREPUBLIC HEALTHPrimary carenHospitalsnnHealth protectionnnHousingnnTown planningnRegional planningnnRoadsnnTransportnnUrban roadsnnnnnUrban railnPortsnAirportsnnHOUSING AND TOWN PLANNINGTRANSPORTENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SANITATIONWater and sanitationnnnRefuse collection and disposalnnnnCemeteries and nvironmental protectionnConsumer protectionnnnnCULTURE, LEISURE AND SPORTSTheatres and concertsMuseums and librariesParks and open spacesSports and leisurenReligious facilitiesnnnnWater supplynnnnElectricitynnUTILITIESGas servicesDistrict heatingECONOMICAgriculture, forests and fisheriesnnLocal economic development/promotionnnnnTrade and industrynnnnnTourismnnnnnn sole responsibility service n joint responsibility service n discretionary service232www.clgf.org.uk/sri lanka
of Megapolis and Western Development was established in 2015. with its prime objective to bring systematic changes and development processes into the urban community in Sri Lanka which will ensure that the inhabitants of urban areas become a part of socio economic development of the country while maintaining high levels in quality of life.
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