PILATUS 100K Detector System
Technical SpecificationandOperating ProcedurePILATUS 1MDetector SystemVersion 1.7
Table of Contents1DOCUMENT HISTORY . 31.12HOW TO USE THIS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION . 42.12.22.32.43ADDRESS AND SUPPORT . 4EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS . 5EXPLANATION OF TERMS . 5USE OF THE PILATUS 1M . 5TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION . 63.13.24CHANGES. 3RATINGS . 7AMBIENT CONDITIONS . 8DIMENSIONS AND CONNECTORS . 94.1 PILATUS 1M DETECTOR. 104.1.1Front Side of the Detector . 104.1.2Backside of the Detector . 124.1.3The status LEDs . 124.1.4Connectors and Connecting Cables/Pipes . 134.2 COMPUTER . 154.3 COOLING UNIT . 165INSTALLING THE DETECTOR SYSTEM . 175.1 CARRYING . 175.2 MOUNTING. 195.2.1Mounting from Above . 195.2.2Mounting from Below . 205.3 GROUNDING OF THE DETECTOR SYSTEM . 215.4 CONNECTION TO NITROGEN OR DRY AIR. 225.5 CONNECTING THE CABLES . 236TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL . 247GETTING STARTED . 267.17.2STARTUP SEQUENCE . 26FIRST COMMANDS. 278TURNING OFF THE DETECTOR . 289STORING THE DETECTOR . 2810CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE . 2911FAULTS . 3012CERTIFICATION TESTS . 31Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 72/31
1 Document HistoryActual 722.07.2011releasedPS,BSSC, DBSB1.1 429.01.2010SB1.4.118.02.2010Connection cables andtemperature sensorsSignal levels1.4.219.02.2010Power inputSB1.509.04.2010Dimensions and groundingSB1.5.121.04.2010Power supply 010PicturesSB1.722.07.2011Thicker sensors and conformitywith standardsSBTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 7SB3/31
2 How to use this TechnicalSpecificationBefore you start to operate the PILATUS 1M detector system please read thistechnical specification and the user manual thoroughly.The technical specification and the user manual together form the userdocumentation.2.1 Address and SupportDECTRIS Ltd.Neuenhoferstrasse 1075400 BadenSwitzerlandPhone: 41 56 500 21 00Fax: 41 56 500 21 01Email: support@dectris.comShould you have questions concerning the system or its use, please contactus via phone, mail or fax.Before you ship the system back, please contact us to receive thenecessary transport and shipping information.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 74/31
2.2 Explanation of SymbolsSymbolDescriptionImportant or helpful noticeCaution. Please follow the instructions carefully to preventequipment damage or personal injury.DC-currentAC-currentGround2.3 Explanation of TermsTermMCBDCBDACDescriptionModule Control BoardDetector Control BoardDigital to Analog Converter2.4 Use of the PILATUS 1MThe PILATUS 1M detector system has been designed for the detection of Xrays from synchrotrons or laboratory sources.It is intended for indoor use only.For other applications, please contact DECTRIS for additional information.Do not use the detector in vacuumThe PC can be mounted in a standard 19 inch rack, which has to be properlygrounded.Make sure that the PC has adequate ventilation.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 75/31
3 Technical specificationNumber of modulesSensorSensor thicknessPixel sizeModule sizeFormatAreaIntermodule gapDynamic rangeCounting rate per pixelEnergy rangeEnergy resolutionAdjustable threshold rangeThreshold dispersionReadout timeFraming ratePoint-spread functionData formatsExternal trigger/gateSoftware interfaceCoolingOperating temperature (internal)Dimensions (W x H x D)Weight2 x 5 10Reverse-biased silicon diode array320 µm450 µm3 keV: 48%3 keV: 48%8 keV: 95%8 keV: 96%15 keV: 51%15 keV: 64%172 x 172 µm283.8 x 33.5 mm2981 x 1043 1’023’183 pixels169 x 179 mm2x: 7 pixels, y: 17 pixels, 8.4% of total area20 Bits 1’048’576 2x106 X-ray/sec4.5 – 36 keV500 eV4 - 18 keV50 eV2.3 ms30 Hz1 pixelRaw data, TIF, EDF, CBF3.3 – 5V, 3 different modesThrough socket connection;Clients for EPICS, SPEC and stand-aloneoperation are availableWater-cooled23 C325 x 336 x 458 mm3Approx. 25 kgTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 76/31
3.1 RatingsDeviceDefinitionDetectorPower Input100 - 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 120 WattCan be connected to all common supplyvoltages.DetectorExternal Trigger Input2.0 V - 5.0 V High level0.0 V - 0.8 V Low level50 Ohm ImpedanceTrigger Signal to internal circuit5.0 V absolute maximumApplying a higher voltage will destroythe input.DetectorEnable output5 V TTL (max. 100 mA)PC100 - 240 VAC; 12 A50/60 Hz870 WattHot-Plug Power SuppliesCan be connected to all common supplyvoltages.Cooling unit230V, 50HzPower Input: 2000WFlow: 14 l/minPressure: 0.5 barTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 77/31
3.2 Ambient ConditionsThe PILATUS 1M detector is designed only for indoor use. The followingambient conditions must be fulfilled:ConditionRangeOperating temperature: 20 to 35 COperating humidity:80% at 20 C, non-condensingStorage temperature 15 to 40 CStorage humidity 40% at 20 C, non-condensingNote that the interior humidity under operating conditions must be 25%, see section 6.When storing the detector make sure the temperature and humidityinside the transport box doesn’t exceed the specified range. Use drying agent.If the detector system is stored at low temperature, make sure thatno condensation moisture develops.The PILATUS 1M is equipped with a temperature and humiditycontrol, see section 6.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 78/31
4 Dimensions and ConnectorsFigure 1. Drawing of the PILATUS 1M detector (printed separately in the userdocumentation folder)Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 79/31
4.1 Pilatus 1M Detector4.1.1 Front Side of the DetectorThe detector comes with a protective cover (1.4 mm, low carbon steel sheetmetal 1.0330, St12) for the front window which should be removed foroperation. The sensors are behind a 12 µm thick Mylar (PET) foil coatedwith 100 nm aluminum to protect it from dust and touch.The cover has a mounting edge on top and can be removed by carefullypulling at the bottom and lifting it away.When mounting the cover, make sure it is first hooked on the mounting edgecentered and then slowly lowered.Do not touch the Mylar foil.The cover may not protect the detector from direct synchrotronbeam.Figure 2. PILATUS 1M detector with cover in place (front view)Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 710/31
Figure 3. PILATUS 1M detector with cover removed (front view)Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 711/31
4.1.2 Backside of the DetectorFigure 4. PILATUS 1M detector viewed from the back4.1.3 The status LEDsLEDPowerTempENDescriptionIf green, all supply voltages are ok.If red, module power is off.This can be caused by over/under temperature, toomuch humidity or too high module current (One or moremodules may come into oscillations, see section 11).Normally green. Turns red when the detectortemperature or humidity is out of the limits (see section6).Yellow, detector is making an exposure.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 712/31
4.1.4 Connectors and Connecting Cables/PipesConnectorDATA 1 (D1)DescriptionData connection 1Cable:Use only the included cable. Custom made cables orconnectors will not work.Minimum bending radius in a fix installation: 5times the cable diameter. Minimum bending radius in aflexible installation: 15 times the cable diameter.Details of pins:PowerMain voltage 100 – 240 VAC; 50/60 Hz, Fuse 6.3AUL recognized to UL 60950/CSA 22.2 No. 60950-00, andTUV approved to EN 60950-1Cable:Power cable with an IEC/C13 connector.EXT INExternal Trigger InputUse a Lemo Type 00 (NIM-CAMAC) cable.For ratings see 3.1EN OUTTTL output signal; high when counting is enabled.Use a Lemo Type 00 (NIM-CAMAC) cable.For ratings see 3.1Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 713/31
ConnectorGroundDescriptionFunctional ground of the detector system.Although the detector might be grounded viathe mounting bolts, the detector can be groundedadditionally via the functional ground connector at theback (M6 screw-in tap hole) to establish a definedgrounding.N2Nitrogen for humidity control.For details see section 5.4.Pipe:Use a pipe with outer diameter of 6 mm and an innerdiameter of 4 mm (e.g: Legris Type 1025U06).Di-H2OUse deionized water for cooling.Pipes:Use for inlet and outlet a pipe with an inner diameter of 9mm.The fixation pieces and the transport hook are stored on the back of thedetector.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 714/31
4.2 ComputerThe computer is a high power server with a proprietary data acquisition cardto communicate with the detector.The PC should be kept behind a firewall and should not haveoutside internet access.The operating system is optimized for high speed data acquisitionand has a custom kernel: Therefore, do not permit any software upgrades onthe kernel!Do not install or run any other software on the computer, except astools and software necessary to configure your data acquisition protocol.Figure 5. Connectors at the PCI Mezzanine Card for data acquisitionConnectorRXTXDescriptionReceive dataTransmit dataTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 715/31
4.3 Cooling UnitThe PILATUS 1M detector system is equipped with a cooling unit fortemperature stabilization of the detector head.The tubes and the detector are equipped with self-sealing valves to avoiddripping when connecting or disconnecting the tubes. There is no fixedlimitation on the length of the tubing.Figure 6. Connection for cooling tubes on the Pilatus 1M detectorBefore operating the cooling unit, please read the user manual ofthe cooling unit.When connecting or disconnecting the cooling hoses, turn off thedetector and the cooling unit.When operating the detector, the cooling unit must be always on.Use opaque tubing to avoid the growth of algae.OperatingtemperatureOperatingpressureThe cooling unit has always to be set to a temperature of23 C.0.5 barDo not set the temperature of the cooling unit below therecommended operating temperature. Condensing moisture can develop anddamage the detector.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 716/31
5 Installing the Detector System5.1 CarryingThe detector has been delivered in a robust transport box. Please keep thistransport box for transport or storage purpose.The detector has a transport hook which has to be used for carrying thedetector.Figure 7. PILATUS 1M with mounted transport hookOnly use an appropriate lifting device with a carrying capacity of atleast 25 kg to move the detectorThe handles on the side of the detector are only for positioning notfor lifting.Make sure the detector is always moved by 2 personsWhen using the transport hook, make sure it is properly tightenedWhen moving the detector, make sure the protection cover ismountedTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 717/31
Figure 8. The transport hook and the fixation pieces are stored at the back of thedetectorTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 718/31
5.2 MountingThe detector can be mounted in two ways:5.2.1 Mounting from AboveUse the detachable mounting pieces, which are stored on the back of thedetector. These mounting pieces have to be mounted on the base plate of thedetector.Make sure the mounting pieces are mounted and properly tightenedMounting points when mounting from the topFigure 9. Mounting from above, bottom viewTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 719/31
5.2.2 Mounting from BelowFrom below with four M6 bolts.Mounting points when mounting from the bottomFigure 10. Mounting from below, bottom viewThe four M6 bolts should not intrude into the detector more than 16mm.Make sure the detector is properly mounted.Make sure the detector has enough space for proper ventilation(minimum wall distance: 170 mm). Do not operate the detector in a closedenvironment.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 720/31
5.3 Grounding of the Detector SystemThe main plug of the computer and the power supply of the detectorhave to be connected to a grounded power outlet.Although the detector might be grounded via the mounting bolts,the detector can be grounded additionally via the functional ground connectorat the back (M6 screw-in tap hole) to establish a defined grounding.Figure 11. Ground connector on the back of the detectorTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 721/31
5.4 Connection to Nitrogen or Dry AirThe PILATUS detector has to be connected to a nitrogen or dry air flow toavoid humidity and condensation when it is outside the storage box. Forstorage see section 9.Figure 12. Nitrogen connector on the back of the detectorHumidity can damage the detector. Make sure that the detector isoperated in the specified range.Recommendedflow of nitrogenAs alternativeGas pressure5-10 liter/h.Oil free, dry air of 2% relative humidity can be used.Recommended flow: 5-10 liter/h.Minimum 1 barMaximum 2 barTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 722/31
5.5 Connecting the CablesTo operate the detector, the data cables and the ground should be connected.For specification of cables and pipes see section 4.1.4.The PILATUS 1M detector is equipped with one data cable.Connect RX to RX and TX to TX on the GigaSTaR Card in the PC. Labels forthe connections are printed on the server housing. The single connectors goto the corresponding connector on the back of the detector.The data cable should be pulled onto the computer connectors withthe screws, rather than forcefully pushed on.A forceful connection can damage the PCI card.It is important for data integrity that the screws are tightened.To plug or unplug any cables, turn the detector off.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 723/31
6 Temperature and HumidityControlThe PILATUS 1M detector head has 3 combined temperature and humiditysensors.The temperature and humidity control shuts down the power of the detectormodules when the humidity or the temperature of the different sensorsexceeds or falls below the following limits:Channel012LocationPower boardBase plateDetector headShutdown Temperature CLow limitHigh limit155515351545Shutdown Humidity%80%80%30%For startup, the humidityhas to be below 25%The fan and the communication with the PC will remain active after atemperature shut down (only shuts down the power of the modules).To start the detector correctly, please refer to section 7.1 and execute thecorrect startup procedure.If the humidity is outside the specified range, the software willprevent powering up the modules and exit with a corresponding message.Figure 13. Error message when temperature or humidity is out of rangeMake sure that Nitrogen or dry air flow is turned on at the recommendedflow rate (according to section 5.4) and then restart the software.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 724/31
Figure 14. Correct start-up messageCheck the humidity with the following command "thread" in Camserver. Thisreads and displays the actual temperature and humidity of all sensors asshown above.Technical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 725/31
7 Getting StartedBefore operating the detector, make sure you have read the previous chaptersin the technical specification and the user manual.Check these items before turning the detector system on: Mount the detector properlyConnect the detector to powerConnect the detector to nitrogen or dry air at the recommended flowrateConnect the water tubes. Make sure they are properly mounted on bothsidesConnect the PC and the detector data cablesAttach monitor and keyboard to the computer7.1 Startup Sequence Turn on Nitrogen or dry air flow at least 30 minutes before turning onthe detectorTurn on the PCStart a shellThe default path is: /home/detChange the directory to: p2 detTurn on the power switche at the back-side of the detectorTurn on the cooling unit at the same time as the detector is startedType runtvxRuntvx starts a script file which initializes the detector system andopens the Camserver and TVX windowsTechnical Specification PILATUS 1M V1 726/31
7.2 First CommandsSee the detailed description of all commands in the User Manual.Type the following commands in TVX: rbd; self test of the detector (digital part of the pixel) calibdet; self test of the detector (analog part of the pixel) cam setthreshold 5900 (example for a setthreshold of 5.9 keV): setsthe energy threshold of the detector. It is important that a threshold isset. Otherwise the detector is not trimmed.In nor
5 Installing the Detector System 5.1 Carrying The detector has been delivered in a robust transport box. Please keep this transport box for transport or storage purpose. The detector has a transport hook which has to be used for carrying the detector. Figure 7. PILATUS 1M with mounted transport hook
TVX Camserver Pilatus 100K PILATUS TCP/IP Figure 5. Normal operation with TVX and Camserver on one computer. It is also possible to operate the detector without TVX and access Camserver directly via a socket connection from another PC. Camserver Data Pilatus 100K Interface PILATUS TCP/IP Figure 6. Operation with TVX and Camserver on separate .
PILATUS 100 K Detector System Complete X-ray Camera System, including Powersupply, PC, Software Radiation hard design . Pilatus 100k is beginning to be commercially available Main focus lies on PILATUS 2M/6M: Module fabrication with good quality, DAQ-System, Software. Large area systems should be completed in 2006
The PILATUS 100K detector system has been designed for the detection of X-rays from synchrotrons or laboratory sources. For other applications, please contact DECTRIS for additional information. 3.3 Input voltages Device Definition Power supply Input range specified on the back of the power supply. Connecting to the wrong supply
for the AGIPD (adaptive gain integrating pixel detector) has been proposed by Potdevin & Graafsma (2011). In the demonstration we used a PILATUS 100K detector (DECTRIS). The PILATUS detector is a 2D hybrid pixel array detector (Schlepu tz et al., 2005; Broennimann et al., 2006; Kraft et al., 2009) that can be operated with a frame rate
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