Christ Through Typology
Christ through TypologyVern S. Poythress, Ph.D., Th.D.WOW, Oct. 13, 2004
The ChallengeThe Old Testamentseems irrelevant to me.It points to Christ.
A. Biblical Basis:Christ Speaks about Himself
Pervasive Witnessall canontotalityLuke 24:44 Then he said to them,“These are my words that I spoketo you while I was still with you,that everything written about me inthe Law of Moses and the Prophetsand the Psalms must be fulfilled.”45 Then he opened their minds tounderstand the Scriptures.
Main Theme of OTsummaryinternationalfocus of Actsis in the OT46 and said to them, “Thus isit is written, that the Christshould suffer and on the thirdday rise from the dead, 47and that repentance andforgiveness of sins should beproclaimed in his name to allnations, beginning fromJerusalem.”
Other Passages aboutChristocentricity 2 Cor. 1:201 Pet. 1:10-12John 5:39; 5:46-47; 8:56Matthew
B. The Principle: God’s One Plan
God Plans HistoryIsaiah 46:9-10: For I am God, and there is no other;I am God, and there is none like me,10 declaring the end from the beginningand from ancient times things not yet done,saying, “My counsel shall stand,and I will accomplish all my purpose,”
One Way of RedemptionThrough ChristActs 4:12:And there is salvation in no one else, for thereis no other name under heaven given amongmen by which we must be saved.
amuaDavidS olomonHeze kiahJoshsesra hahMoAbNoRedemption through Historyone redemption
C. Types
Types or Shadows1 Cor. 10:6: Now these things tookplace as examples for us, that we mightnot desire evil as they did.1 Cor. 10:11: Now these thingshappened to them as an example, butthey were written down for ourinstruction, on whom the end of theages has come.
Types“example”in 1 Cor. 10tuposrelated to ourtypemeanings“printing type,” a foreshadowing of“typeface”-what God plansacting like a model
Symbolismtruthsymbol “An earthly representation of divine truth.” Has meaning at the time. Illustration: manna symbolizes God’s daily care.
Definition of a Type “A symbol pointing to a fulfillment”truth Illustration:the tabernaclesymbolTruthfulfilled
The Tabernacle as a TypetruthGod dwellswith his peoplesymboltabernacleas tent dwellingTruthfulfilledGod dwellswith usthrough Christ
Terms in TypologyTruthfulfilled “antitype”symbol “type” typicalrelationstudy of the whole typology
D. Principles for InterpretingTypes
An Example: ationsymbolismsubstitutefor sinChrist is thefinal substitutefor sinyou receivethe benefitof Christ
Clowney’s Triangle of Typology2fulfillmentsymboltypygoolfinal Truthapplication1symbolismtruth3you receivethe benefitof Truth
Avoiding the False Routessymbolfulfillmentallegoriz aygt ioolonpytmoralismavoidshort-cuttingChristfinal Truthapplicationsymbolismtruthyou receivethe benefitof Truth
Step 1: What Did It Mean Then? What did it symbolize then?symbolicreferencetruthsymbol1Attend tocontext.
Step 1: What Did It Mean Then?symbolicreference What did it symbolize then? What was thesymbolic significance at the time when Godfirst introduced this item?truthAttend tocontext.1symbol
Illustration of Step 1 (Truth) What did it symbolize then?symbolicreferenceGod gives foodmanna1Attend tocontext.
Illustration of Step 1 (Truth)symbolicreference What did it symbolize then? What was thesymbolic significance at the time when Godfirst introduced this item?God gives foodAttend tocontext.1manna
Step 2: Go Forward in History What does it anticipate?truthfinal,fulfilledhistory of revelationTruth2in ChristGod's plandevelops.
Step 2: Go Forward in History What greater manifestation of truth did itembody and anticipate? (Look at context.)truthfinal,fulfilledhistory of revelationTruth2in ChristGod's plandevelops.
Illustration of Step 2 (Fulfill) What does it anticipate?ChristisGod gives food history of revelationthe final2Spiritual foodGod's plandevelops.
Step 3: Apply to Us How do we benefit?3applicationWrittenfor us!final, fulfilledTruthin Christbenefitto you
Step 3: Apply to Us How do we benefit from participating in thefulfillment in union with Christ?3applicationWrittenfor us!final, fulfilledTruthin Christbenefitto you
Illustration of Step 3 (Apply) How do we benefit?3applicationWrittenfor us!Christ isthe finalspiritual foodyou eat Christ
Illustration of Step 3 (Apply) How do we benefit from participating in thefulfillment in union with Christ?3applicationWrittenfor us!Christ isthe finalspiritual foodyou eat Christ
Step 4: How Does FulfillmentIllumine the Earlier Stages? Fulfillment illumines the earlier.final, fulfilledTruthin Christ4symbolPut it alltogether.
Illustration of Step 4 (More) Fulfillment illumines the earlier.Christ isthe finalspiritual food4symbolFood and sacrificeand priest in one!Put it alltogether.
Step 5: Deepen the Earlier Stage More significance in the od knew.
Illustration of Step 5 (Deepen) More significance in the original?symbolicreferenceGod gives foodmannadaily, fromheaven, sufficient5God knew.
Step 4: Trace Beginning and End Trace from creation to consummation.truthto creation4WidescopeTruthto consummation4Fulfillment already holds,and is yet to come.
Step 4: Trace Beginning and End Trace the truth back to creation and forwardto consummation.truthto creation4WidescopeTruthto consummation4Fulfillment already holds,and is yet to come.
Illustration of Step 4(Beginning and End) Trace from creation to consummation.foodtree of life4WidescopeFoodto MarriageSupper4Fulfillment already holds,and is yet to come.
Illustration of Step 4(Beginning and End) Trace the truth back to creation and forwardto consummation.foodtree of life4WidescopeFoodto MarriageSupper4Fulfillment already holds,and is yet to come.
Step 5: Distinctiveness Note distinctiveness of each epoch.dissimilarities
Step 5: Distinctiveness Reflect on the overall distinctiveness ofeach epoch in its embodiment of the truth.dissimilarities
Illustration of Step 5 ( Distinct) Distinctiveness of each epoch.Bread for nationin wilderness/worlddissimilarities
Illustration of Step 5 ( Distinct) Reflect on the overall distinctiveness ofeach epoch in its embodiment of the truth.Bread for nationin wilderness/worlddissimilarities
Limits of Typology No new doctrine or predictions. Because:– Christ is not hidden but revealed!(We are not gnostics.)– Shadow is less full than fulfillment.– One needs context to control analogy.Sanity
Limits of Typology Do not make new doctrine or predictions. Because:– In NT, Christ is not hidden but revealed!(We are not gnostics.)– The shadow, as shadow, is less full thanits fulfillment.Sanity– One needs context to establish andcontrol the directions of analogy.
E. An Example
Illustration of Step 1 (Truth) What did it symbolize then?symbolicreferenceGod protects andrewards his faithfulDaniel1Attend tocontext.
Illustration of Step 2 (Fulfill) What does it anticipate?God protects history of revelation Christ isthe finaland rewards2faithful OneGod's plandevelops.
Illustration of Step 3 (Apply) How do we benefit?3applicationWrittenfor us!Christ’srewardcomes to usyou are raised
Illustration of Step 4(Beginning and End) Trace from creation to consummation.rewardstree of life6Widescoperewardsto resurrection6Fulfillment already holds,and is yet to come.
Illustration of Step 5 ( Distinct) Distinctiveness of each epoch.life for one;lesson for alldissimilarities
F. Multifaceted Imagery
Daniel and Lions (Daniel 6)Adam asrepresentativerulerseed ofwomanexodusBabylon aslion kingdomlionson eartheschatologicalhope built inChristchurchJews t
Tabernacle as hope built ’s body
Maxims on Typology 1-1 correspondences miss multifacetedrelations. Note the superiority of the antitype. NT in relation to OT,not NT instead of OT. A sermon is not a lecture.
Maxims on Typology 1-1 line-ups of type and antitype may missmultifaceted relations. Note the superiority of the antitype and theinsufficiency of the type. Allegorization and forced typology preach theNT instead of the OT, rather than NT inrelation to the OT. Do not turn a sermon into a biblicaltheological lecture.
Bibliography of Typology Clowney, Edmund P. Preaching andBiblical Theology Fairbairn, Patrick. The Typology ofScripture (classic). Poythress, Vern S. The Shadow of Christ inthe Law of Moses
David and Goliath asMultifaceteddivine warriorin heavenAdam asrepresentativeseed ofwomanexodusfighton eartheschatologicalhope built Isa. 27:1;51:9-11individualEph. 6:10-20
divine warrior in heaven fight on earth Adam as representative seed of woman exodus eschatological hope built in Christ individual Eph. 6:10-20 consum-mation victory Isa. 27:1; 51:9-11 church. Title: Modern Views Author: Vern Sheridan Poythress Subject: Redemptive History Keywords:
Christ Lutheran Church Valencia CA Christ Lutheran Church Orange CA Christ Lutheran Church Rancho Palos Verdes CA Christ Lutheran Church San Diego CA Christ Lutheran Church Compton CA Christ Lutheran Church Long Beach CA Christ the King Lutheran Church Glendale CA Christ The
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