The Byzantine Empire - Mr. Flaherty's History Courses
One Religion, One Empire, One LawThe Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Empire Western Europe Germanic Tribes Imperial power shifted tothe Byzantine Empire
Constantinople Constantinople becamethe hub of Europe Remained so until revivalof the western empire inthe 8th century byCharlemagne.
Why a New Capitol? Glory Trade – Europe/Asia Crossroads Defense New Identity: Speak Greek, Christian
Government Copy of Rome Sponsored Entertainment Free Bread for Poor Rich Dominate Emperor is above all
The Reign of Justinian The height of the first period of Byzantine history (324-632)was the reign of Emperor Justinian (r. 537-565) and his wifeEmpress Theodora (d. 548)
The Imperial Goal: Unity The imperial goal in theEast was to centralizegovernment and imposelegal and doctrinalconformity.One ReligionOne EmpireOne Law
1st Method: Law Justinian collated and revisedRoman law.Corpus Juris Civilis (body of civil law)Had little effect on medievalcommon law.Post-Renaissance, European law tothe 19th century.
2nd Method: Religion In 380, Christianity had beenproclaimed the officialreligion of the easternempire.All other religions wereconsidered “demented andinsane.”Impact?
Church Hierarchy Petrine Doctrine Patriarch Head of EasternChurch Appointed byEmperor Seed of DividingChurchPope DominatedWest
Increase in Eastern Church Wealth Between the 4th and 6thcenturies acquiredenormous wealth in theform of land and gold.
Increase in Clergy prestige and comfort swelled the ranks of theclergy in the EasternChurch.
Independent Thinking Ideas thought to be heresies by the Roman CatholicChurch received imperial support: Iconoclasm forbid the use ofimages (icons) because it led toidolatry.
3rd Method: Strong Cities 1,500 cities.The largest with350,000 inhabitants,was Constantinople.Good DefensePublic WorksStrategic Locations
"Not since the world was made was there . . . somuch wealth as was found in Constantinople. Forthe Greeks say that two-thirds of the wealth of thisworld is in Constantinople and the other thirdscattered throughout the world." --Robert of Clari, a French crusader who witnessed thepillage of the city in 1204, describing Constantinople.
Extensive Building PlansHagia Sophia.
4th Method: Conquest Wanted to Reunite East and WestInvests in Navy and CavalryGreek FireWon back Italy and Africa using theseGreek Fire
The Empire at Its Height 565 AD
Decline in the 7th Century War against PersiansWeakens ByzantinesIn the seventh centurythe empire lost Syria,Holy Land,Egypt, and North Africa.
The Iconoclastic Controversy A movement that denied theholiness of religious imagesWHY?Use of such images wasprohibited, but icons wererestored by 843.Schism of 1054
Recovery of Territory The Byzantines called upon theEuropean states in 1096.The European states complied, push back the Seljuk Turks,returned territory to theByzantinesown in Syria and Palestine.
The Fall of Constantinople1204, CrusadersPillaged the city ofConstantinople, a goal thatthe Muslims had beentrying achieve forcenturies
Conquered by the Ottoman Turks In 1453, the city wasfinally and permanentlyconquered by theOttoman Turks andrenamed Istanbul.Byzantine culture, law,and administrationcame to its final end.
Contribution to Western Civilization Middle Ages protective barrier Major conduit of classical learning and science into theWest. Their defeat launched new expeditions to gain wealth heldin the “Far East” of India and China
the Byzantine Empire . Constantinople . Conquered by the Ottoman Turks In 1453, the city was finally and permanently conquered by the Ottoman Turks and renamed Istanbul. Byzantine culture, law, and administration came to its final end. Contribution to Western Civilization
Byzantine Empire/Russia Notes . Byzantine Empire Geography What have I learned? The . capital. of the Byzantine empire was the city of Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire had been the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. Constantinople's . location. on the straits known as the Bosphorus or Dardanelles gave them access to important trade routes.
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The Byzantine Empire and Islam Vocabulary 1. Byzantine Empire—eastern portion of the Roman Empire which lasted beyond the fall of the Western Roman Empire 2. Eastern Orthodox Church—Christian church which was created (in 1054) because of differences with Christianity in the Western Roman
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