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ToleranceIssue 2 (October 2019)www.indelibleaud.com
Editor's NoteTolerance, “a harmony in difference”A new issue of Indelible promises another handpicked bouquet of different artistic expression:poetry, prose, painting, photography, interviews, and reviews. In this special issue covering thetheme of “tolerance” and accompanying the American University in Dubai’s Tolerance Forum,different contributors from around the world have voiced their thoughts through variousmanifestations. As a meeting platform (of tolerance) for artists, creative writers, and art aficionados,Indelible takes pride in hosting great pieces that speak the language of art--the language of sharing,exchanging, and appreciating viewpoints. Art is a medium of tolerance, through which we can seeand understand the experiences and thoughts of others who are different than us, and a portalfrom which we can step out, expanding our understanding and catching a glimpse of the worldthrough a different lens. While artefacts of various types all tell something about the artist-creator,when engaged with creative work, we not only learn something about the artists, but we oftentimesdiscover something about ourselves. Thus, by broadening our scope, we enlarge our world, nomatter how limited in range or contrary to our perspective is the artist’s work; what matters is thatour encounter with art has just altered our view of the world.According to the UNESCO definition, “Tolerance is harmony in difference,” and as mostcreatives may know, reading and writing about other people’s experiences and perspectives is oneof the most important and effective ways of seeking that harmony. By reading creative works suchas poetry and short stories, we learn, spark an inner openness to new ideas, communicate withother personalities and different cultures at the humane level, awaken our conscience when relatedwith the good against the evil, and maybe even get the chance to gain or support any alreadyexisting beliefs.Besides entertainment, of course, art is an act of tolerance that offers a chance for reflection andcontemplation--a step into the other-worldly. The world is a true melting pot of cultures, customs,and beliefs where now, more than ever, learning to understand—and tolerate—how others see theworld is the most important strategy in avoiding conflict and prejudice. While people can easilylose touch with each other, the arts in the humanities are a vital way to build and maintain anappreciation for what makes human beings special: our creative abilities This issue’s contributions have been sent from different corners around the globe like Japan,France, Lebanon, Canada, the UAE, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom. Ourwriters and artists, both established and emerging, have all sent their expressions of/calls fortolerance between humans and nature, the rich and the poor,both genders, and people fromdifferent cultures and belief systems. An excerpt from Sadika Kebbeh’s “Daughter’s Trade”highlights the cases of human trafficking in poor societies, while Grace Stech closely observes theproblem of gender inequality in the workplace; filmmaker Sophie Boutros sheds light on mayhemcaused in binational marriages (Lebanese-Syrian), whereas Aida Al Awadhi reviews the portrayal ofOctober 20192
biracial (Chinese-Irish) families in the USA based on author Gish Jen’s works; portraits of postershung in Palestinian teenagers’ rooms are shared with photographer Dorine Darwiche, whilebestselling author Dr. Christine Mangan shares glimpses of her adventures in Japan, reflectingdifferent aspects of tolerance she encounters in a place far from home (the U.S.A); artist Dr.Pamela Chrabieh shares her Peace Collection on reflecting tolerance, while artist Lorette Luzajicexpresses different messages of equality on her canvas.Each contribution speaks to our faith in humanity and in the connecting thread that passesthrough every one of us, and we are happily looking forward to sharing them with you!Dr. Roula-Maria DibEditor in ChiefTolerance is a theme whose facets are potentially many-pronged and variegated. One could meanby the term tolerance towards others of many different races, ethnicities, socio-economicbackgrounds (or indeed foregrounds), faiths, beliefs, ages, genders, sexes, nationalities, evenstylistic predilections – and so on. One might mean by the term tolerating differences within theself, between one’s youth, say, and the more established attitudes and outlooks of middle age orbeyond. One might mean by tolerance the belief that all of us are on a par, and so rigorously thatwhat may seem like difference really isn’t. Or, one might mean by tolerance a basic andcategorical equality that only does, and perhaps more emphatically, only can show and shine itsface via the very flourishing of radical differences. And so on; we must have tolerance, we mightsay, with the various ways we each might parse the term, ‘tolerance’, differing from each other, orfrom ourselves at different points in our own lives.And perhaps it might be true to say that such kaleidoscopic insights into tolerance, itself akaleidoscope of views – that that sharing between inside and outside the frame (of reference) isendemic in and for any meaningful, enlightened human life. Because it is a fact, to paraphrase asnippet in Heraclitus, that we never step into the same river twice: first, because ‘we’ are temporalbeings, changing, adapting, developing, growing, decaying or what have you, all the time; andsecond, because the river we dip our toes into, too, is always on-the-flow, eliding. That said, torecoup, that image of a ‘river’, of flowing water, well – perhaps it, too, brings out and brings us backto our sameness. We know after all (or the right people do, anyway), that and how water from theclouds and water from the sea and water from the sewers and from our kitchen sinks are, all in all,one in the end. Whether we are discussing the object-world, the world ‘out there’ for each one ofus, imprisoned to a certain extent in our own subjective berths, or whether we mean the veryinhering world of our own minds, delimited from each other as we are – that dignity which confersrespect, inside or outside the human domain, finds its most palpable fruit in acts and attitudes of‘tolerance.’ Such is the hope anyway.October 20193
In this second issue of AUD’s new literary journal, Indelible, we see work of a critical or creativesort that lives-out but perhaps more pressingly lives-up-to my little riff of lofty thoughts above. InAida AlAwadhi’s incisive review of Gish Jen’s ‘Who is Irish?’, we find a discussion of narratorialmodes, style, and a range of characters and themes that illuminate aspects of racism or diversity,ethnic idiosyncrasy or cultural conflict, amid Chinese, Irish and American mythoi. AlAwadhiconcludes her reconnaissance of the book at hand by reinstating the idea that stubbornness ofcharacter and mistrust, rigidity of temperament create ‘rifts’ – by the wayside, though, allowing us abrief glimpse of what seems to be a compelling read which in itself may serve, not to split a reader,but to help insight congeal for him or her.Poems from Danya Elmalik, from deeply incisive and thought-provoking haikus to longer-limbedverse, show an immense gift for both startling imagery and sustained reflection. A tower inElmalik’s verse is seen to be ‘sneering at the slighted sky’, and with real pathos, in the haiku‘Woods Around a Cabin’, we see a dialectical zigzag which starts with oak delimiting a protagonistand, after ‘her’ light goes, ‘oak’ again that remains. The pathos in this last haiku: a calm riposte tothe more sardonic wit of her previous haiku-entries. She seems to tolerate different moods andmodes within herself. Indeed, in some of Elmalik’s longer-formed verse, we see a similardialectical sensibility evinced. ‘Tearing the Wrapper’ ends with the splendid line: ‘The void ofspoiled things’, making us feel longing and forlorn nostalgia at poem’s close. In ‘A Poem Speaks’,too, tension is both told and shown as a poem tussles with itself, and with its own formation. Andyet, Elmalik is more than just interesting: she’s a vivid ear, too. Her poem, ‘She’s Resting on HerBed’ ends with an equally splendid line: ‘See her soma on that salmon.’ Finally, and perhaps thiseditor’s favourite two lines of this issue, in ‘Abstract’, amid a ‘fire burning with a blaze’, we read:‘And as they forget what they once were, / They reach for each other through the flames.’ Icouldn’t think of a more poignant couplet of lines suggestive of the metaphysics of tolerance, and acouplet of lines that speak to such in and for our own very riven world.In D.R. James’s poetry, also featured in this issue, the collapsing of a heart is imaged with realtenderness as ‘ like when the sails deflate / And maroon the little schooner that is you.’ Theheart being countenanced and tolerated in this poem can be seen as both physical and spiritual. InDana Hachwa’s ‘Joined at Daybreak’, a breakfast scene is the occasion for that kind of tolerancethat seams with love, whether inside or outside the frame, perhaps, of the eggs being fried; the‘Meeting eye to /eye’ here might be both married eggs in the pan or lovers at dawn. The twosenses tolerate each other: after all, ‘as one we eat.’ Lorette C. Luzajic’s prose-poem, ‘Snow Men’manages to be both literally chilling and at the same time heats up the mind of its reader. Lineslike ‘There is barely a droplet of cream in the carton, and you curse yourself for putting it backinto the fridge near drained, as if you could fool the future when it came to reckon’, show both acommand of language and a command of thought that are admirable. More tolerance, thus,between ways of being. Finally, with Mayar Ibrahim’s poem ‘Tolerance’, concrete imagery, such asthat of ‘clouds’ the colour of ‘raven feathers’, and more reflective intents, as with the sun shiningthrough those same clouds like a ‘celebrity in the crowd’, marry in a way that, again, renders facetsof tolerance as both shown and told.October 20194
There is much else to savour in this issue, and one hopes that the growing readership of Indeliblewill tolerate one more issue, one more rung on a ladder whose summit seems to rise and rise.Dr. Omar SabbaghAssociate EditorOctober 20195
Editor-in-ChiefRoula Maria DibAssociate EditorOmar SabbaghTable of ContentsINTERVIEWInterview with Sophie Boutros, Movie Director . 09COLUMNTolerance Forum: Dr. David Schmidt, AUD President . 13Tasamuh, Tolerance, Live and Let Live: Words Are Important, Marilena Falcone . 15Opinion: Gender Inequality at the Workplace , Grace Stech . 17MOVIE REVIEWMahbas, by Sophie Boutros. 21REVIEWGish Jen’s “Who’s Irish”, Aida AlAwadhi . 25NON-FICTIONWriting Centers: Not Just Looking Down, Dr. Kristin Murray. 28FICTIONDaughters’ Trade, Sadika Kebbi . 31ARTArtist Pamela Chrabieh’s “Peace Collection” . 36Selected Canvas Works, Artist Lorette C. Luzajic . 41Tolerance Collection, Various AUD Artists . 46PoetryOctober 20196
Fade, Rohan Healy . 51Joined at Daybreak, Dana Hachwa . 52“On Tolerance” and “Portrait of a Lady, Or, Burning Of The Books”, Dr. Omar Sabbagh . 53“Aperatures”, “Leaves of Change”, and “The Arm is a Bridge”, Mary Jacob . 55“If Hearts Know Best” and “Beyond Compliance, Beyond Resistance”, D. R. James . 58“Lunar Rhaspody” and “Aurora”, Dr. Roula-Maria Dib . 60“Snow Men” a Prose Poem , Lorette C. Luzajic . 63HaikuHaiku Corner, AUD Creative Writing Students . 65PhotographyA Key Hanging from a Necklet, Dorine Patel . 73Japanese Chronicles, Dr. Christine Mangan . 78Around the World through One Lens, Dr. Roula-Maria Dib . 81October 20197
INTERVIEWOctober 20198
Interview with Sophie Boutros, Movie DirectorWhat sparked the idea of Mahbas?When you dig deep to tell a story, it is generally from a close experience, but not necessarily apersonal one. The idea of the proposal in Mahbas came from a funny situation at a proposal ofsomeone Nadia (the co-writer/producer) and I know; it is only at a later stage that it evolved to aproposal between a Lebanese and a Syrian, because we thought this is when this story will have theright conflict and will be worth telling.What is the main theme of the movie? From your life experience can you relate to it? Anyparticular anecdotes?I never preferred to talk about the theme and message behind Mahbas, as I always wanted to hearit from the audience. But there is no doubt that Mahbas explores the themes of forgiveness,October 20199
tolerance, love, prejudice, racism. I come from a family that is tolerant in the wide range of theword; having lived all the atrocities of the Lebanese war, I still believe my family helped me fightagainst all kinds of labeling, racism or sectarianism that the war could have easily instilled in me.Nevertheless, I saw it all in people around me, so a lot of the situations or dialogues that take placein Mahbas are consciously or subconsciously derived from my own experiences, from people Iknow, close or far, from a mindset that surrounded me.Do you see the movie reflecting more than one kind of intolerance other than that of people fromdifferent nationalities?What Mahbas carries is not simple intolerance between nationalities as much as the big weight ofthe war and the scars it left in people’s hearts. Being a strong believer of brotherhood betweenLebanon and Syria, and of how united we are in our history, culture and geography, it was a bigchallenge to explore a story where “tragedies” have to be faced. So yes in the surface, it talks aboutthe Lebanese Syrian love/hate relationship.But if we dissect more the characters that make the story of Mahbas, each one of them carries alevel of intolerance towards the other, wanting the other to change and fit in a certain format to beaccepted, and that is a trap we all easily fall in.What were some of the challenges you faced while working on Mahbas?For me there were two phases: screenwriting and production. The big challenge while writing withmy partner on this film Nadia Eliewat, in addition to the creative process, was to write the story of acharacter whose beliefs don’t fall under mine. Therese the main character had to think, behaveand talk in a way that does not represent me at all, but I had to do it to make my point; I was afraidher persona will be attributed to me and to my beliefs, so I think this required a lot of couragefrom both Nadia and I to overcome the personal for the service of the story.Of course one other very important challenge, is joggling between my family, my work at AUD andmaking the film. Now looking back, I strongly believe there is no fairness in dealing with all of thisat the same time, quality time with my kids was certainly compromised.As for the production, the biggest challenge is working well with a limited budget. In productions,time is money. There were some times where we couldn’t even add one shot to my shot listbecause simply there was no time, the budget couldn’t allow it. So what you see on the screen iseverything I had; creatively I was challenged to work with only one choice per scene, no room toexplore options.October 201910
What in your opinion is the most poignant scene in the movie?I would say the lunch scene, which takes around 19 minutes of the film and was shot over 6 fulldays. I wanted to make sure the vibrancy and dynamic of a lunch with guests be portrayed in agenuine way with a subtle presence of a camera. Working with 7 people on the table andsometimes 8, was frightening. Silent moments needed to be filled, consistency in dynamicsbetween characters had to be maintained, and this is a scene that is the core of the film, it had tokeep on making sense and driving the story forward. I can say we were able to pull if of, I look at itwith pride.October 201911
COLUMNOctober 201912
Tolerance Forum:Dr. David Schmidt, AUD PresidentThis is the speech delivered by Dr. David Schmidt, president of the American University inDubai, on October 9, 2019 during the opening of the university’s Tolerance Forum. Held by theSchool of arts and Sciences, the conference sought to bring together professionals from variousdisciplines across art, organizations, and education to discuss the aspect of tolerance in their fields.The different panels discussed the various ways to connect people from various experiences andbackgrounds A special thank you to Dean Joseph and all of the faculty and staff who have dedicated their timeto organizing this forum and will further contributing their craft and art throughout the day.So succinctly put this forum seeks to expand our understanding of various strategies andmechanisms used to build bridges between people with diverse experiences, abilities andbackgrounds , This may seem simple at first but it is as complex, varied and layered as the humankind and, These bridges are built upon our insight and empathy with our own human experience.If you examine and think about Aristotle’s 12 virtues: Courage, Temperance, Liberality,Magnificence, Pride, Honor – respect, reverence, admiration, Good Temper, Friendliness,Truthfulness, Wit, Friendship, and Justice October 201913
The common thread with these virtues is one of Tolerance in its many manifestations.In addition to this privilege of welcoming you—it is also something that provides me with a greatsense of pride.One could argue that nowhere is this tolerance more evident than in this very special academiccommunity in which you find yourself this morning students, staff and faculty representing 103different nationalities, a multitude of ethnicities and backgrounds with countless views, ideas anddreams.Enjoy the day,enjoy the forum,and I do hope that you will be able to fruitfully cross many bridges during your journey with ustoday.October 201914
Tasamuh, Tolerance, Live and Let Live: Words are ImportantBy Marilena Falcone"Avert your gaze. Staring is rude": how many of us, especially the ones who grew up in the West,heard these words repeated to us at a young age while walking out in the streets?Almost all of us.We were invited not to keep looking explicitly at other people, especially those who might seemodd, or different, to the curious yet innocent eyes of a child, to prevent generating feelings ofembarrassment or rejection: such was our first brush with the fundamental principle of tolerancewhich would return, as we grew up, in the well-known saying Live and Let Live. In the 19th centurythe German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote:“In making his way through life, a man will find it useful to be ready and able to do two things: tolook ahead and to overlook; the one will protect him from loss and injury, the other from disputesand squabbles. “(The Widsom of Life - Counsels and Maxims, 1851).However, in today’s world especially Live and Let Live risks turning into indifference, if not intooutright denial (through invisibility) of those who are outside of what are considered to be theestablished norms.So, what does tolerance mean in our day?What has characterized the year that is coming to an end, 2019, declared as the Year of Toleranceby H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE?The original Arabic term ( تسامح tasamuh) in its original form has a subtle nuance that is lost in thetranslation to English. Eugenio Malatacca, Italian Arabist based in Dubai, tells us that تسامح pointsto the reciprocity of a mutual allowing of each other’s behavior: a form of Live and Let Live whichis, therefore, very far from the indifference and denial which tolerance risks sliding into during ourtimes, because it affirms the awareness of the existence of each person and the freedom to exerciseit, both individually and in relationship to others. Reciprocally.Such a concept of tolerance, which is often not fully understood in the Western world, does notnecessarily apply on a large scale in terms of human rights or of each country’s legal system, whichare constantly evolving according to the inevitable ebbs and flows of history. Rather, it is a qualityof the character of each population. It shows up in everyday life, in the small gestures of commonpeople. It includes curiosity towards others along with the ability to preserve one’s framework ofbeliefs and traditions, with no obligation to align to nor to ignore each other in order to accept orbe accepted. It is the inborn open-minded attitude towards dialogue and peaceful coexistence thatcomes from having lived in a place that has always been a hub for commerce, be it the TiberIsland, the port of Shanghai, or a crossroads on the Spice Trade Route. Or the UAE, Homelandof Tolerance.October 201915
From this perspective, therefore, the words tweeted by Pope Francis on the occasion of hishistorical visit to the UAE for the celebrations of the Year of Tolerance take on a very clearmeaning: “{I come here} as a brother, in order to write a page of dialogue together, and to travelpaths of peace together”.Such a path of brotherhood, dialogue, and peace for many of those who have lived for some timein the UAE began well before 2019, and will certainly continue, for all people of good will, in thecoming years.Marilena Falcone was born and raised in Rome, Italy, where she earned her master’s degree inbiomedical mechanical engineering and started a career in IT, in 2008 Marilena moved to Dubaifollowing her husband. Here, she had the unique chance to pursue her original passion for thehumanities and for writing. She has been a contributor for several online magazines and paperpublications both in Italy and in the UAE.October 201916
Opinion: Gender Inequality at the WorkplaceBy Grace StechAccording to Elizabeth Broderick (Australian Sex Discrimination Commissioner) “Genderequality is the unfinished business of the 21st century”. Gender inequality still is the main problemcausing employees to have different opportunities in the workplace such as promotions and equalpay, among many others. Men are still perceived as the primary source of income, whereas womenare seen as housewives. How can companies combat gender inequality in the workplace and createan environment where every employee has the same opportunities? To limit – and potentiallyeliminate – gender inequality in the workplace, companies can ask for a curriculum vitae withoutthe applicants name or picture, implement quotas, approach gender inequality as a scientificresearch (i.e. experiment with solutions that may work with the culture of the company, acceptfailure and learn from it, set achievable goals and track the progress made), involve men in thediscussions to make every employee feel part of the change, and tackle gender inequality andcareer paths from the early ages (schools and universities).When looking for a position in a company, the first encounter an applicant may have is throughhis or her CV. However, companies may be biased from the earliest stages and prefer specificcandidates because of their appearance or their gender instead of the applicant’s competencies.Therefore, companies in the United States and the United Kingdom now ask for resumes or CVswithout the mention of the applicant's name, gender, or picture. It is an easy solution to eliminatesome bias. This solution was presented by Harvard students. Unfortunately, during interviews,interviewers may have the same prejudice and select an individual because they “look the job”.This solution only eliminates bias during the selection procedure for the interviews but does notsolve the gender discrimination problems in the company itself.“Gender auditing, gender mainstreaming and gender awareness training” ("In a World in Which‘Everyday Sexism’) may be another solution to fight gender inequality. Companies will be forced tohave an equal gender distribution among employees. In addition, they will have to implementawareness trainings that educate employees on how to fight gender inequality and why it isimportant to do so. The interview I conducted with Christin Schreiber (one of six femaleinstructors at Emirates CAE Flight Training) said that having more women in the business wouldtremendously help as they are clearly underrepresented. According to her, it would help showsexist people that gender is not a factor when it comes to delivering a job: it only depends on theperson’s competencies (“Telephone Interview”). However, setting up quotas such as “genderauditing” creates both “political and legal dilemmas” (“In a World in Which ‘Everyday Sexism’ ”).When a company implements quotas, some applicants may be hired as they would complete thequota, but others with better qualifications may be overlooked as the quotas have already beenreached.Another solution may be to tackle gender inequality in the workplace as an “innovation challenge”(Kaplan and Kang), meaning keeping an open-mind, accepting failure and learning from it, andsetting goals to limit or even eliminate gender bias while tracking the progress the company ismaking. Prof. Sarah Kaplan (Professor at the Institute for Gender and the Economy at theOctober 201917
University of Toronto) and Prof. Sonia K Kang (Professor at the Institute for Management andInnovation at the University of Toronto) came up with this approach specifically for the medicalfield, but it can be applied to any company. Companies can try different approaches to tacklinggender inequality and can compare which one had the best results “with an open and scientificattitude, and the willingness to experiment and measure outcomes” (Kaplan and Kang). As everycompany has a different culture, there is no correct way of finding a viable solution. However,Kang and Kaplan emphasize on the importance of keeping track of the progress made. Theybelieve that it is the most important to set goals and find steps to achieve them all while keepingtrack of the progress made and the approaches taken.To make this solution the most effective, it is important to remember that every employee has asay. For example, the Welsh company Chwarae Teg strongly believes that it is vital to hear whatmale employees think of gender inequality and make them a part of the discussions. As most highranking positions are male, they have substantial input in the company and can have a stronginfluence on the decisions taken. Although this solution is applicable to any company, it requires alot of time and in some cases money that many are not willing to pay. The research that is putbehind solutions may cause some employees to work overtime as they now have more tasks, havenew employees whose sole purpose is to find solutions to the rising problem, and invest inawareness programs, among others.It is just as important to tackle gender inequality in schools and universities as it is in theworkplaces. When children are exposed to gender inequality in schools, they are more prone tobe blind to it once they enter the corporate world. Therefore, Dr. Mario D. Fantini (former deanof the School of Education at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) argues that “Americadepends on education and educators to reflect those values which bring out the best of ouraspirations”, gender equality being one of those values. When put in an environment where genderinequality is present, young school children start to see it as the norm and abide by it in an “almostnatural fashion” (Fantini).It is also important to motivate children to pursue any career and limit them by their gender. Prof.Astrid Sinnes and Prof. M. Loken (Professors at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences), urgeschool teachers to motivate girls and boys to pursue STEM subjects as it should not be limited toboys by using examples in the scientific field. “Adjusting science subjects to match perceived typicalgirls’ and boys’ interests risks being ineffective” (Sinnes and Loken) as these common interests arebased on stereotypes. By encouraging more girls to pursue STEM subjects in higher education, thenumber of female employees will increase in the scientific field, which in turn reduces genderinequality. Although this solution contributes to fighting gender inequality, it does not limit genderbias employers to continue their practices. It equalizes the ration between men and women inuniversities. However, compa
October 2019 3 biracial (Chinese-Irish) families in the USA based on author Gish Jen’s works; po
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Petitioner-Appellee Albert Woodfox once again before this Courtis in connection with his federal habeas petition.The district c ourt had originally granted Woodfox federal habeas relief on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel, but weheld that the district court erred in light of the deferential review affordedto state courts under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of .
