Water Matters - Welcome To NYC.gov City Of New York
MeIwo re ConSefVohon in Buildings
Water Matters
PrefaceOf all our resources, water is the most precious. NewYork City is famed both for the quality and reliability ofits water supply as well as for the economy of its largelygravity-fed delivery. However, a number of unavoidablechallenges face our water network. The need for systemrepairs and upgrades is continual, yet the shutdown ofa major aqueduct or tunnel could cause unacceptableshortages. Treatment of wastewater leaving the systemconsumes energy and generates greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, by 2030, the City’s population is projectedto grow by 14% over the 2000 population, increasingdemand and adding further strain to infrastructure.Rather than begin the long, complicated, and costlyprocess of expanding the water system, simpler and moresustainable alternative measures must be taken. PlaNYC2030, the City’s comprehensive strategy for sustainability,identifies conservation efforts as fundamental to protecting the reliability of our water network. As a City leaderin sustainable design, The New York City Departmentof Design and Construction (DDC) is pleased to supportthis effort with Water Matters: A Design Manual for WaterConservation in Buildings, our ninth in a series of manualsand guidelines dedicated to promoting greater environmental responsibility in the projects we build.Promoting efficient water use in buildings is instrumentalto lowering overall system usage. At DDC, we haveten years’ worth of high performance projects that provemeaningful results can be achieved with little or no costincrease. Typical DDC high performance buildings reducetheir potable water consumption anywhere from 20-80%over baseline performance by using the strategiesrecommended in the pages that follow. That said, WaterMatters will be a useful tool for design and constructionprofessionals, building operators, and anyone whohas a stakehold in New York City’s water supply.Since its creation in 1996, DDC has made environmentalresponsibility a priority. To date, we have nearly ninetycompleted and ongoing sustainable building projects,a robust green infrastructure program, and a vibrantresearch and development program. With the publicationof Water Matters, DDC is once again reaffirming ourcommittment to the greater, greener New York conceivedof by PlaNYC 2030, and to making the visionaryblueprint a concrete reality.David J. Burney, FAIACommissioner, New York City Department ofDesign and ConstructionJune 2010
Water MattersA Design Manual for WaterConservation in Buildings
Contents1 Introduction0061.0 NYC Water1.1 NYC Water Supply System Today1.2 Challenges Facing NYC’s WaterSupply1.3 Additional EnvironmentalChallenges1.4 Sustainable Alternatives toExpansion0070080112 How To Use This Manual2.0 Purpose, Organization andBuilding Types2.1 Efficiency StrategiesEfficientMore EfficientUltra EfficientInnovativeRenovation2.2 Using the Strategy Matrix2.3 Strategy Matrix3 Methods And TechnologiesPF 4b High Efficiency (0.5 GPF)PF 4c Ultra High Efficiency ( 0.5 GPF)PF 5 Non-Water UrinalPF 6 Sink FaucetPF 6a 2.3 GPMPF 6b High Efficiency ( 2.3 GPM)PF 7 Non-Water ToiletPF 7a Foam FlushPF 7b CompostingPF 8 Drinking Fountain075076077081081083085085088089016MS Mechanical Systems090017MS 1 Equipment Cooling(No Potable Water)MS 2 Cooling TowerMS 3 Water Softener andWater FiltrationMS 4 HVAC Condensate Water ReuseMS 5 HVAC Equipment091CS Civil Systems104CS 1 Stormwater Detention/Retention PracticesCS 2 Infiltration PracticesCS 3 Filtering PracticesCS 4 Supplemental/PretreatmentPracticesCS 5 Irrigation SystemsCS 6 Green Roof106PS Plumbing Systems136PS 1 Water BalancePS 2 Building Water ReusePS 2a IrrigationPS 2b Mechanical UsePS 2c Flush FixturesPS 3 Water ReusePS 3a Graywater and Water ReuseBuilding 6030032046PF Plumbing Fixtures048PF 1 Water ClosetPF 1a 1.6 GPFPF 1b High Efficiency 1.28 GPFPF 1c Dual FlushPF 2 Lavatory FaucetPF 2a 2.2–1.8 GPMPF 2b High Efficiency (1.8–0.5 GPM)PF 2c Ultra High Efficiency ( 0.5 GPM)PF 3 ShowerPF 3a 2.5 GPMPF 3b High Efficiency ( 2.5–2.0 GPM)PF 3c Ultra High Efficiency ( 2.0 GPM)PF 4 UrinalPF 4a 1.0 7099102113118125130132
PS 3b Blackwater Building SystemPS 4 Waste Sample PitsPS 5 Graywater and Water ReuseVehicle WashPS 6 Green Roof Building SystemPS 7 Waste/Water PodPS 7a Multiple Pipe SystemPS 7b Two Pipe System157162164EN Energy178EN 1 Water HeaterEN 1a Small Storage Type( 100 gallons & 10 KWh)EN 1b Small Tankless ( 10 GPM)EN 1c Large CondensingEN 1d SolarEN 2 PumpsEN 2a High EfficiencyEN 2b Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)EN 3 Energy RecoveryEN 3a Mechanical Systems PreheatEN 3b Domestic Hot WaterEN 4 Piping Insulation (DomesticHot Water)EN 5 Piping Layout (DomesticHot Water)EN 6 Energy PodEN 7 Geothermal179179OP Operations210OP 1 Water Meter InstallationOP 1a Measurement and VerificationOP 1b Public MonitoringOP 2 Water AuditOP 3 CommissioningOP 4 Retro-CommissioningOP 5 Harmful MaterialOP 5a Waste Stream PreventionOP 5b Stormwater 82184187191191194196196198201203206208OFE Owner Furnished Equipment228OFE 1 Ice MakerOFE 2 Energy StarOFE 3 Food ServiceOFE 3a Dishwasher Pre-RinseOFE 3b DishwasherOFE 4 Laundry Washer229231232232233235FP Fire Protection238FP 1 Fire Pump Testing239NT New Technologies242NT 1 Fuel CellNT 2 Vacuum Plumbing SystemNT 3 Water System Start Up2432452474 Integration Application Examples2484.0 Overview/Building Types4.1a Integration Application Examples4.1b Featured Case StudiesMarine Park Community CenterQueens Botanical GardenLehman College Science FacilityMTA NYC Maintenance ShopWestern Virginia Correctional FacilityEMS Battalion 192492582592602622642662682705 Glossary, References, Credits andAcknowledgments2725.0a Glossary/Abbreviations5.0b Glossary/Terms5.1 References5.2 Credits5.3 Acknowledgments273275283284287
Introduction106 / Water Conservation Manual
1.0NYC WaterIntroductionReady access to potable water has historically been oneof the most important factors in the siting, growth, andstability of human settlements. For much of the lastcentury and a half, New York City has enjoyed clean,fresh, and consistently available water thanks to its strongsupply system. However, as noted in PlaNYC, the city’scomprehensive sustainability plan, the continued reliabilityof this complex system faces a number of challenges, andas the population continues to grow and the system ages,addressing them becomes ever more crucial. Conservingwater on the demand side of the supply system in buildings and building sites is one of several vital measuresto ensuring pure and reliable water for all New Yorkers.A Short History of Potable Water in NYCBy all accounts, the precolonial island of Mannahatta’snumerous springs, freshwater ponds, and aquifersoriginally flowed with water that was abundant, goodtasting, and clean. In the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, then followed by New York, the English colony,water for domestic uses and extinguishing fire wascollected from natural sources and distributed to therapidly growing populace via a system of local reservoirs,public wells, and even conveyed through hollowed-outlogs. However, no complementary system for isolatingand disposing of human waste was constructed, and thestreets and environs of the future City of New York weresoon filthy. Wells and reservoirs became cross-contaminated by runoff and sewage pits, and by the time of theRevolution, city water was notorious for its foulness.Moreover, as the population continued to grow intothe hundreds of thousands the demand for water farexceeded availability, and there simply was not enoughwater to drink, wash, and fight fires. By 1830 the populationwas nearing 200,000, cholera and other epidemics wererampant, and uncontrollable fires ravaged the city withunremitting frequency.It is no wonder, then, that in 1842 the first drops of waterto travel the 40 miles of the newly constructed CrotonAqueduct were met in the city by a thirty-eight gun salute,grand military and civic fanfare, silver medals, and anode commissioned expressly for the occasion. Pureand abundant water from pristine upstate watershedswas readily available to all. However, by the turn ofthe 20th Century, NYC had again grown beyond systemcapacity, and the Catskill Water Supply System wasconstructed to meet demand. The system was furtherexpanded in the 1940s and 1950s with the additionof the Delaware System.PlaNYC, A Greener, Greater New ads/pdf/full report.pdfIntroduction / 007
1.1NYC Water Supply System TodayToday the NYC water supply system is comprised of 19reservoirs and three controlled lakes in a1,972 square milewatershed extending about 125 miles north and west ofthe city in New York State. From the reservoirs, water flowsto the city through three large aqueducts, the majority ofit entering through two enormous tunnels connected toa 6,000 mile network of water mains. This system deliversabout 1,225 million gallons of water per day (MGD) toapproximately eight million users in the city and one millionin four counties north of the city. Pumping is required foronly a small percentage of consumers thanks to a favorablysloping topography. From the Hillview Reservoir, nearly300 feet above sea level, water enters the distributionmains with a pressure head sufficient to bring water to thesixth floor of most buildings.The NYC system supplies water to different building typesfor different purposes:Domestic consumption: drinking, cooking, washing,and sanitary needs.Commercial buildings and office buildings: domesticconsumption plus heating and cooling systems.Fire protection: fire hydrants in streets, sprinkler andfire standpipe systems in buildings.Industrial processes: cooling, cleaning, equipmentwash down.Institutions: hospitals, schools, colleges, correctionalfacilities, and shelters.Government: city, state, and federal facilities,police stations, firehouses, libraries, and parks andrecreational facilities.Food service: restaurants, cafeterias, and food distribution.Transportation systems: subways, bus systems,and suburban rail transit.008 / Water Conservation ManualDespite the relative simplicity and economy of this largelygravity-fed system, due to its age and size, repairs andmaintenance must be performed on a continuous basisby the city agency stewarding the water supply, the NewYork City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).Currently DEP is in the midst of completing two massivewater infrastructure projects designed to improve systemreliability and adequacy. The first of these projects, CityTunnel No. 3, under construction since 1970 and scheduled for completion in 2020, will improve the dependabilityof the entire water supply system as well as improveservice to the outer boroughs. For the first time since theyfirst flowed with city water, City Tunnels No.1 and 2 willbe able to be inspected and repaired by DEP. Concurrently, in the Bronx, DEP is constructing the city’s firstdrinking water filtration plant to filter the relatively smallpercentage (10%) of water entering NYC today fromthe Croton System. The remaining 90% flows from theCatskill and Delaware watersheds, where more stringentnatural watershed protection measures, such as agricultural runoff protection, open space preservation, andfiltration planting are being implemented. The U.S. EPAhas granted the Catskill/Delaware supply a filtrationavoidance waiver, which is renewable in five-year terms.
Hudson R.NYC Water Supply SystemCatskill / Delaware WatershedsSchoharieRriehahoScCannonsville RlnenTuPepacton earCatskill Aq.wlaCroton Watershed.AqRWest nsicowNewJerYorkseyNew Croton Aq.RNeRHillviewLong Island SoundJerome Park RApproximately 1,300 MGD flowsfrom the reservoirs through theaqueducts into NYCKeyRReservoirDetail (see p.10)Aqueduct withflow directionWatershedAtlantic OceanWaterwayIntroduction / 009
Detail of NYC Water Supply Tunnels andWastewater Treatment Plant LocationsPlantLocationCapacity(MGD)North RiverWards IslandHunt’s PointNewtown CreekRed Hook26th WardOwls HeadConey IslandBowery BayTallman IslandJamaicaRockawayPort RichmondOakwood Water Supply(from NYWatersheds)BronxHudsonRer.WTHunt’s PointdWTlanWTWTs IsRivrthWTWardNoLong Island SoundBowery BayTallman IslandManhattanWTQueensNewtown CreekWTRed HookJamaica26th WardWTBrooklynWTPort RichmondWTWTOwls HeadConey IslandStaten IslandJamaica BayRockawayWTOakwood BeachWTKeyWTAtlantic OceanWTWater TreatmentPlant LocationWater Supply Tunnel010 / Water Conservation Manual
1.2Challenges Facing NYC’s Water SystemBy 2030, the population of NYC is projected to increaseby 14% over the population of 2000, bringing the city tonearly 9.1 million people and straining the capacity ofthe current municipal infrastructure. While public transportation can be expanded, new schools can be built, andnew utility lines laid down, an increase in demand forpotable water cannot easily be satisfied. The capital costsassociated with acquiring new watershed land area andbuilding new reservoirs and aqueducts would severelystrain the city’s funding capacity for other capital projects.Increases in total water use could also affect the filtrationavoidance waiver agreement with the U.S. EPA resultingin the need for costly filtration facilities and maintenance.Additionally, as mentioned, repairing and maintainingthe city’s water supply system is a perpetual endeavor.Any interruption or shutdown of the flow in a majoraqueduct or tunnel could cause system-wide shortages.However, as would be expected of infrastructure of thisage and size, repairs are necessary. City Tunnel No. 3,when completed, will allow DEP to make much neededsystem repairs. Yet the city must find a way to makeother parts of the system available for the work neededto keep it in good repair, while continuously deliveringwater to all ends of the system.Equally prohibitive to system expansion are the physicallimits imposed by increased population density in thetraditionally suburban and rural areas near the upstatewatersheds. Furthermore, none of the current citymanaged watersheds exist within political boundariescontrolled by the city, and there is mounting pressure inthose localities to develop land close to and within thewatershed, which could adversely impact water quality.In more rural areas of the watersheds, water quality isadditionally threatened by agricultural runoff, thoughDEP continues to work with upstate communities andhas developed a best management practice strategyto preserve the city’s excellent water quality.Introduction / 011
Overview of NYC Water Use SystemNY WatershedsReservoirsAqueduct1In some limited areas, primarilyin the outer boroughs, separatesanitary and storm sewers areavailable, which handle approximately 20% of total volume.Disinfection ConditioningRoof Drain2During wet weather, increasedstormwater runoff exceedstreatment plant capacity causingthe combined sewer to flowdirectly to CSO outfall insteadof to waste treatment plantsWaterTunnelStorm DrainWater Distribution MainRiver1Combined Sanitary Storm SewerSewageTreatmentPlant2 RegulatorCombined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Outfall012 / Water Conservation Manual
1.3Additional Environmental ChallengesPotable water, energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and stormwater runoff — these are all very muchinterconnected. Gravity fed, the NYC water supply systemis very efficient, using relatively little energy to move waterto and within NYC (though booster pumps and hydropneumatic systems in tall buildings do require someelectrical energy). However, much of the potable waterused ultimately ends up in the City’s 14 wastewatertreatment plants located throughout the five boroughs;as goes the demand for potable water, so goes the needfor wastewater treatment capacity. Over the course ofthe treatment process, significant amounts of energy andGHG emissions are generated. Reducing the amount ofpotable water entering the wastewater system means lessenergy is required to treat it and no energy is expended toconstruct new conveyance and treatment facilities. Also,given that the digestion process in wastewater treatmentplants generates methane, a GHG 20 times more destructive than carbon dioxide, potable water use reduction hasa significant impact on GHG reduction.Potable water use in the city also directly impacts thequality of surrounding estuaries, harbors, and othershoreline bodies of water. Over 6,000 miles of sanitarysewers run underneath the city, most of which are combined. In addition to conveying sanitary flow from toilets,sinks, and showers, during wet weather combined sewersmust do double duty also conveying stormwater runofffrom the 135,000 street-level catch basins to wastewatertreatment plants. During wet weather events, treatmentplant capacity can easily become overburdened, causingcombined sewers to overflow and release untreated sewage, trash, oil, and other pollutants from the street directlyinto NYC waterways, severely degrading the local waterquality and ecology. Though the main culprit of combinedsewer overflows (CSOs) is stormwater runoff, reducingthe amount of potable water entering sewers during bothwet and dry weather can mitigate the adverse impacts.Reduction of stormwater runoff to the wastewater systemby storing and recycling for nonpotable uses, or returningstormwater to the ground has many positive effects:Less energy needed to move and treat wastewater.Less carbon dioxide and methane GHG emissionsproduced in the cleansing process.Less effluent and CSOs going into the waterways.Less embedded energy needed to expand and buildnew wastewater treatment plant capacity, and lessenergy required to operate and maintain larger plantcapacity over the long term.Introduction / 013
Water Conservation, Energy and Greenhouse Gas ReductionCO2 Emissions for City Government by Source (FY ‘06) Total: 3.8 million metric tonsWater Sewer17%Municipal Buildings62%Solid Waste Long-HaulTransport7%School Buses1%Municipal Vehicle Fleet9%Street Lights Traffic Signals4%Potential for Annual Greenhouse Gas Reductions by Project Group 1.68 million metric tons (mt) per yearWastewaterTreatment Plants285,793 mt 17%Existing Buildings:Replacements Retrofits665,092 mt 40%New Construction17,268 mt 1%Existing Buildings:Other Capital Measures76,316 mt 5%Emerging Technologies Trends41,889 mt 2%School Waste Mgt Plan192,000 mt 11%Vehicles89,000 mt 3%Clean Distributed Generation65,278 mt 4%014 / Water Conservation ManualExisting Buildings: O M194,930 mt 12%Street Lighting52,434 mt 3%
1.4Sustainable Alternatives to ExpansionFinancial, political, and environmental arguments againstsystem expansion are very powerful. At the same time,NYC needs a reliable and adequate supply to meet thechallenges of the coming decades. Rather than begin thelong, complicated, and costly process of system expansion, simpler and more immediate measures must first betaken. Improving the efficiency of the current system atthe user end begins to meet these challenges with little tono cost impact, and is the strategy governing the majorityof the recommendations made within this manual. Fromlow flow plumbing fixtures to more efficient building levelcivil systems, Water Matters advocates for more intelligentand responsible use of water in city buildings. Simultaneously, the manual begins to examine strategies to reducesystem demand through public awareness and waterconservation visibility, recommending practices such aspublic metering and signage.Strategies are being implemented to:Integrate efforts of design professionals, city managers,and building operators to conserve water.Reduce domestic water usage and sewage flow.Reduce site runoff into the sewer system.Reduce commercial and process water usage.Recycle stormwater, graywater, and blackwater fornonpotable uses such as toilet flushing, air conditioning cooling towers, landscape irrigation, and industrialprocesses.Monitor and fix water supply system infrastructureleakage.Monitor and fix consumer water leakage.Increase use of individual consumer water metering.This manual also contains recommendations on howNYC can continue to consume fresh and clean water,yet reduce the impact of this consumption on the localwatershed, ecology, and, by extension, the planet. Forfurther information on how NYC can reduce the overallenvironmental impact of its buildings and building sites,please visit the DDC Office of Sustainable Design’sreports and manuals.For more information go to: tmlIntroduction / 015
How To Use This Manual2016 / Water Conservation Manual
2.0Purpose, Organization Building TypesPurposeWater Matters is primarily concerned with efficientwater use within the design, construction, and operationof New York City buildings. The manual presents guidanceto enable design professionals, NYC client agencies,DDC project managers, and building operators to bettermanage their efforts to reduce water usage, to reduceenergy consumed and carbon emitted to treat water,and to reduce the volume of combined sewer overflowdischarged into the waterways surrounding NYC. Themanual, specifically the Strategy Matrix contained within,provides tools to help combine different technologiesinto effective water efficiency strategies, taking intoaccount the particular building type, function, andoccupancy pattern of the building.The manual also emphasizes the importance of approaching all projects with an integrated design team comprisedof designers, DDC project managers, client agencyrepresentatives, and operations and maintenance staff.To be fully effective, each team member must firstunderstand the requirements, opportunities, and limitations of the available technologies in order to set waterefficiency goals for each project in relationship to LocalLaw 86 (LL86) and U.S. Green Building Council LEED certification requirements. The team must then work togetherto choose appropriate strategies that will achieve theagreed upon goals in a cost-effective manner and that willcontribute to the reliable and economic operation of theproposed new building or renovation over the long term.Although the manual is primarily concerned with waterconservation, compliance with other regulations is required.It is the responsibility of the design team to ensure that allregulations and standards promulgated by the variousagencies are met, including (but not limited to):NYC Local Law 86 of 2005NYC Construction CodesNYC Department of HealthNYC Department of Environmental ProtectionCity Environmental Quality Review (CEQR): identifiesand assesses the potential environmental impacts ofcertain actions that are proposed in New York City bypublic or private applicants and funded or approved bya city agency.Urban Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP):the public review process, mandated by the City Charter,for all proposed zoning map amendments, specialpermits and other actions such as site selections andacquisitions for city capital projects and dispositionof city property.New York StateNYS Energy Code (including NYC revision)NYS Department of Environmental ConservationFederalU.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992, and amendments:regulates water efficiency standards for plumbing fixtures.U.S. Clean Water Act (CWA): formerly referred to asthe Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Federal WaterLocal Law 86: tmlU.S. Green Building Council LEED: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID 1970How to Use This Manual / 017
Purpose, Organization Building TypesPollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, is the primaryfederal law controlling water pollution; specific sections ofthe CWA seek to eliminate the release of pollutants towaterways.National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES):authorized by the Clean Water Act, controls waterpollution by regulating point sources that dischargepollutants into waters of the U.S.; industrial, municipal,and commercial facilities must obtain permits if theirdischarges go directly to surface waters.U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act(EISA 2007)WaterSense: a national water efficiency programmanaged by U.S. EPA that sets certification criteria forwater-using products.Energy Star: a joint program of the U.S. EPA and U.S.DOE to develop energy performance criteria and certification programs for energy efficient products andpractices; for water-using products see certifications forappliances, heating and cooling equipment, commercialkitchen equipment, and water heaters.OrganizationThe recommendations included in Water Matters take intoconsideration parameters such as common buildingtypes, levels of water efficiency, and technologies anddesign strategies. The building types discussed in themanual were selected based on current and anticipatedbuilding program requirements of the DDC. The list ofbuilding types is provided on page 20.018 / Water Conservation ManualDescriptions of the four levels of water efficiency for newconstruction are contained in Section 2.1. They are:Efficient, More Efficient, Ultra Efficient, and Innovative.In addition to new construction efficiency levels, aseparate category has been provided for Renovation.(A short overview is provided in Section 2.1). Renovationof existing buildings presents a special set of challenges.Each renovation project is different, building documentation may be incomplete, and work on one system orbuilding element may have unintended or costly consequences to other systems. It may not be possible to setwater efficiency goals as high as in new buildings, andimplementation of technologies is often limited to thoseassociated with Efficient buildings. But, every increasein the efficiency of a building’s water supply and wasteremoval systems helps move NYC closer to its overallwater conservation objectives.Once the building type and efficiency goals are identified,strategies can be selected that will enable the team toreach its set goals. The Strategy Matrix in Section 2.3, willhelp design professionals integrate different technologiesinto effective water efficiency strategies, taking into consideration the particular type and function of the building.A step-by-step explanation of the Strategy Matrix canbe found in Section 2.2.Generic descriptions of the technologies are providedin Section 3. In practice, the technologies may be useddifferently to match the particular water demands ofspecific buildings. It is the responsibility of the designteam to obtain detailed information. In all cases, thesuccessful design, installation, and operation of water
Purpose, Organization Building Typessystems requires a whole building approach. Someelements that must be considered for integration intoa whole building system are:Community around the buildingThe natural environmentNYC sustainability goals and regulationsOther building water systemsCity and community water supply and wastewatersystemsOther building systems, including mechanical, fireprotection, and architectural systems and elementsBuilding design scheduleBuilding construction scheduleEstimated construction budgetBuilding operations and maintenance proceduresEducation of building operations and maintenance (O&M)personnel as to new products, materials, and proceduresSuccessful projects rely on the team to implement strategies with the appropriate mix of technologies that willmeet the requirements of the building and water efficiencygoals for the facility. The following recommendations willhelp the team to integrate water efficiency strategies intothe building systems:Each design professional involved with water systemsshould refer to the NYC Local Law 86 of 2005 LEED ProjectTimeline and determine the information required forproper reporting of water technologies data and waterreduction strategies in accordance with the applicablestage of the project development.The DDC should clearly communicate the type of building, its size and occupancy, and the level of waterefficiency the building should achieve to the buildingteam at the beginning of the design process.The team should refer to the Strategy Matrix to develop alist of technologies that can be implemented to meet theagreed upon building efficiency goals.The team should review the background of selectedtechnologies and obtain additional detailed informationas required.Each design professional should refer to the tasks listedfor each technology and include these tasks in theirscope of work for the project.Each design professional should refer to the tasks listedfor each phase of project development in the NYC LocalLaw 86 of 2005 LEED Project Timeline and include thesetasks in their scope of work for the project.To facilitate integration of water efficiency strategies, theDDC project manager should develop a schedule forthe required and suggested meetings and coordinationlisted under the technology tasks and LL86 in the earliestphase of the project.In the pre-preliminary or schematic design (SD) phase,the team should develop its preliminary list of technologies and provide a narrative describing how thesetechnologies will be integrated with other buildingsystems and their cost impacts.At the beginning of design development (DD), the DDCproject manager should develop a design, construction,and operations schedule that includes the tasks listedunder each selected technology.How to Use This Manual / 019
Purpose, Organization Building TypesDuring design and construction coordination meetings,the appropriate team members should review thedevelopment of the technology and verify that thetechnology is on track for in
NYC Water Supply System Today Today the NYC water supply system is comprised of 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes in a 1,972 square mile watershed extending about 125 miles north and west of the city in New York State. From the reservoirs, water flows t
Grace Church [NYC 09] African Burial Ground National Monument [NYC 10] Brooklyn Bridge. Map C [NYC 11] St. Ann & The Holy Trinity Church [NYC 12] Fort Greene Park & Prison Ship Martyrs’ Monument [NYC 13] Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church [NYC 14] St. Nicholas Antiochian Orthodox Cathedral. Bibliography and Acknowledgments. Credits
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Pay online with Form NYC-200V at nyc.gov/eservices, or Mail payment and Form NYC-200V only to: NYC Department of Finance P.O. Box 3933 New York, NY 10008-3933 Forms claiming refunds: NYC Department of Finance Section 1127 P.O. Box 5563 Binghamton, NY 13902-5563 If you have been granted an extension of time to file either your federal income
4S, Form NYC-4S-EZ or Form NYC-3L). If subject to Bank Tax, an S corporation must file a Banking Corporation Tax re - turn (generally Form NYC-1). Under cer - tain limited circumstances, an S corporation may be permitted or required to file a combined return (Form NYC-3A for GCT or Form NY
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developers successfully complete the NYC test, NYC will inform them by email that their efile ‐ software has been approved for NYC BTeFile. A list of approved BTeFile software packages will be posted on NYC Department of Finance's Web site, with a link to the software Web site (if provided by the software developers).
NYC has much higher pedestrian activity than rest of USA NYC has lower VMT per capita, driven at lower speeds 4 NYC vs. USA Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Residents Yearly Average (2008-2010) Journey-to-Work Transit Walking Mode Share (2008-2010) Pedestrian Non-Pedestrian Total NYC 1.82 1.43 3.26 68.3% USA (less NYC) 1.38 10.16
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