Cells And Living Things
2018StandardVersionCells and Living ThingsJunior life-and-living/chapter1.html
All living things share the characteristics described in MRS C GRENBiology is the study of living thingsA living object is an object that carries out lifefunctionsA non-living object is an object that has notbeen aliveA dead object is an object that was once aliveAll living organisms arecomposed of one ormore cells. A cell is asmall, living unit thatcontains all thechemicals andmolecules that helpsupport an organism'slife.
Classifying objects as living or non-livingHow would we know if a car or cow is living? They both move andneed “feeding” to keep them going. So why is only the cow living?We use the acronym MRS C GREN to remind us living objects showALL of the life processes, not just some, and are made up of CELLS.
All living things share the characteristics described in MRS C GRENLife functionMovementRespirationSensitivityCellsGives us the ability to .GrowthReproductionExcretionIncrease in sizeNutritionExtract useful chemicalsfrom the environmentMove through spaceObtain energy through reactions in cellsRespond to the outside environmentSmallest unit of life – makes up the bodies of biggerorganismsCreate more living thingsDispose of waste chemicals
Which is Living and which is not? Use MRS C moebacrystalsyeastfungus
Living things are classified into groups based on similarities / featuresBiologists classify all living things into overall groups, called Kingdoms. Themembers of each kingdom are alike in key ways, such as the nature of theircells, their body features or the way they obtain energy. Classification keys areused to identify living things (and other objects) in each group.
The main groups that living things are classified into; Bacteria (Monera), Protista,Animals, Plants, FungiTraditionalclassification oforganisms into 5kingdoms isbased ondifferences inbody structureFungiPlantAfter thedevelopment ofmicroscopes, scientistsdiscovered there was moredifferences at cellular levelwithin the Monera (Bacteria)Kingdom than between all theother 4 kingdoms put together.ProtistaAnimalSingle celledorganismsBacteriaMonera
What is a dichotomous identification key?The Dichotomouskeys are used astools to helpidentify unknownorganisms usingcareful observationsand matching thoseobservations in anorganised manneragainst choicesgiven at each step.Each two choicesare known as acouplet.Dichotomousmeans branched.
Using a simple dichotomous identification key.Rules for Using Dichotomous Keys:1.Read both choices in a couplet (pair) carefully.2.When reading a couplet, make sure youunderstand all of the terms used.3.If you are unsure of which choice to makein a couplet, follow both forks (one at a time).After working through a couple of more couplets,it may become apparent that one fork does not fityour sample at all.4.Work with more than one sample if possible.This will allow you to compare.5.When a measurement is given make sure thatyou take the measurement and do not takea guessThis
Making a simple dichotomous identification key.If we are making a key based on observations of physical features that we can see, the firststep must be a feature that can divide all of the living organisms into two groups.For example below, we could divide the birds into those that have tuffs of feathers on theirheads (spotted shag and crested penguin) and those that do not (wax-eye, brown kiwi,paradise duck, kingfisher, yellow head, spotted dotterel)Other features suchas thickness ofbeak, tail or not,one colour or manycolours – can beused to furtherdivide each birdgroup.The key is finishedwhen eachindividual has itsown path and thekey leads to a namefor C ID 5934&whichpage 23
All living organisms are made up of cells.All living organisms are made up ofcells, the smallest structural (how itlooks) and functional (How itworks) unit.Organisms can be Unicellular –consisting of one independent cell,or be multicellular – organisednetworks of cells with differentfunctions and structures; humanshave over 100 trillion cells.
The structure of a typical plant cell includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus,cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplast.FunctionsCell WallGives the cellrigidity and a moreangularappearance.chloroplastnucleusCell wallCellmembranevacuoleChloroplastsThe site ofphotosynthesis,gives the cell itscharacteristic greencolourVacuoleAssists with storageand andard/biology/investigating cells/cells and diffusion/revision/5/
The structure of a typical animal cell includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm andnucleusCellmembraneFunctionsCell membraneSurrounds cell andcontrols passageof nutrients andchemicals. Flexibleand allows cell tochange shape.nucleusCytoplasmA liquid filling thecell and containingall the chemicalsthe cell needs tandard/biology/investigating cells/cells and diffusion/revision/5/
Plant and animal cells similarities and differences.Similarities1.BOTH cells have a 'skin', called themembrane, protecting it from theoutside environment.2. BOTH cells have a nucleus. The‘information storage' of the cell.3. BOTH cells have Cytoplasm, a fluid thatprotects the inside of the cell and carriesnutrientsDifferences1. ONLY Plants have a cell wall that helpdefine the shape and give structure tothe plant.2. ONLY plant cells contains chloroplaststhat helps in the plants photosynthesis.3. Plant cells are generally larger thananimal cells.4. Plants have a larger Vacuole.
The summary of the differences in structure between animal and plant cells.Animal CellChloroplast:Animal cells don't havechloroplastsVacuole:One or more smallvacuoles (much smallerthan plant cells).Rectangular (fixed shape) tointerlock for support.Plant cells have chloroplastsbecause they make their ownfoodOne, large central vacuole takingup 90% of cell volume which isrequired for storageCell wall:AbsentPresent for a plant’s support.PlasmaMembrane:only cell membranecell wall and a cell membraneShape:Round (irregular shape)Plant Cell
Using a MicroscopeMost cells are to small to be clearly seen byeye and require a microscope to view.Definitions:Magnification: the number oftimes the image is enlargedResolution: the clarity (how clear)and ability to see detail in theimage
Microscope parts and functionarm - this attaches the eyepiece and bodytube to the base.base - this supports the microscope.coarse focus adjustment - a knob thatmakes large adjustments to the focus.eyepiece - where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment - a knob that makessmall adjustments to the focus (it is oftensmaller than the coarse focus knob).high-power objective - a large lens withhigh magnifying power.low-power objective - a small lens withlow magnifying power.mirror (or illuminator) - this directs lightupwards onto the slide.stage - the platform on which a slide isplaced.
Using a microscope safely1. Make sure the lowest power objective lens (e.g. 4x) is clicked into position.2. Place the microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips.3. Look at the objective lens and the stage from the side and turn the course focusknob so the stage moves upward. Move it up as far as it will go withoutletting the objective touch the coverslip.4. Look through the eyepiece and move the course focus knobdown until the image comes into focus. Adjust the mirror forthe greatest amount of light. Use the finefocus knob for the clearest image6. When you have a clear image of yoursample with the lowest power objective,you can change to the next objective lenses.You might need to readjust the sampleinto focus7. When finished, lower the stage,click the low power lens into positionand remove the slide
Making a Microscope SlideOnion Cell Slides1Collect onion, slide and cover slip, lamp and microscope.2.Peel the epidermal cells (skin between layers) from the onion tissue.3.Place the cell sample on your slide – spread it out and make sure it isnot folded.4.Add 2 drops of iodine (or other stain) to the onion slide.5.Lower cover slip onto the slide one side at a time so there are nobubbles6. Focus under the microscope – remember to start with low power!!7. Draw 2-3 cells about 10 lines big into your books.8. Return used slides and slips to the ice creamcontainer with disinfectant.
Biological drawings are a useful way of recording information from yourobservations.Rules for drawing a cell1. Use unlined paper.2. Draw in pencil.3. Always print.4. Give the drawing a title5. Use a large area of thepaper6. Label all visible parts andnever cross lines.7. Name the specimen8. Print your name and otherInformation such as scale ormagnification used on themicroscopeOnion cells
An ecosystem is the habitat and the community considered together.An ecosystem includes all of the living organisms in a specific area. These systems consist of aliving part called the community made up of all the plants and animals, which interact with theirnon-living environments (weather, Earth, Sun, soil, atmosphere) which determine the habitatsavailable.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v P1X-WpfUvm4
The niche is the way in which an organism interacts with its environment including itsfeeding role, type of activity and habitatThe niche of a species describeshow members “make a living” inthe environment in which theyare found.Describing the niche of a specieswould include: The habitat, which meanswhere the species lives, feedsand reproduces. When the organism is active(day or night) The feeding role that thespecies has in the community.(producer, consumer ordecomposer) The adaptations the organismhas to best survive.The New Zealand kiwi is a flightless bird thatlives in a NZ bush habitat that has a temperateclimate. The kiwi is an omnivore and isnocturnal.
Habitat examplesAll birds form a separate group of animals that evolved from the sameancestor. Bird species are found all across the world in many differenthabitats. Diversity in a bird adaptations help each type of species survive indifferent habitats.Emperor penguins found only in theAntarctic polar regionA NZ Keas habitat is in South Islandalpine regions
Adaptations assist an organism to survive in an ecosystemAn adaptation is a feature of an organism that aids the survival and reproductionof individuals of that species in its environment.Whio (Blue Duck) livein rivers or streamsthat are:- fast-flowing- surrounded bytrees- rocky-bottomedand clean and clear(not s/2016/12/10 BACK v18 flat 300dpi-600x291.jpgWhio adaptations to its environment: Thewhio has large, webbed feet to give itpower in fast-flowing water, and welldeveloped claws for rough terrain to holdon tight to rocks.The whio has a tough rubbery tip to itsbeak to push between rocks and findaquatic invertebrates (water ms.html
Plants fill the role of Producers in a communityPlants are special because theyhave leaves and are able toproduce their own food by theprocess of photosynthesis fromsunlight using raw materialsthat they get from the air andsoil.Plants can be thought of as‘food factories’ which providemost living organisms on Earthwith a source of energy andfood.They produce the energy thatis at the start of any food chainand therefore the group ofplants are known as Producers.AnimalrespirationCommunity – a group of differentspecies living together and ge/library/energy-economics-in-ecosystems-13254442
The importance of plants as producers.Food entering the food chainProducers are at the beginning of a food chain. On land, Producers are plants. Plantsare at the beginning of every food chain that involves the Sun. All energy comes fromthe Sun and plants make food with that energy using the process of photosynthesis.Energy in the form of nutrients and food are passed onto other organisms when theyeat (consume) the plants.
The role of producers, consumers and decomposers in food chains and webs.The two main groups that organisms can be divided into as feeding groups are eitherproducers or consumers. Consumers can then be further dived into decomposers,herbivore, carnivores, omnivores and scavengers.ProducersConsumersOrganisms that make theirown food throughphotosynthesis, such asplantsOrganisms that need to eat otherorganisms for food, such as animals
The definition of consumers (Part 1)HerbivoresOmnivoresCarnivoresHerbivores areanimals that eatplants only. (planteaters) In a foodweb they are directlyabove the producersOmnivores eat bothplants and otherconsumers. Theyobtain their foodfrom more than onesource.Carnivores eat onlyother livingconsumers (meateaters). This alsoincludes birds thateat only insects.
The definition of consumers (Part 2)DecomposerScavengerFungi and bacteria that breakdown the bodies of deadplants and animalsConsumers that eat d-nature/hyenas/
The role of producers in food chains.A food chain is a series of organisms through which energy flows; first link isalways a producer, such as a plant. The producer stores energy from the Sunthrough the process of photosynthesis. Each organism above the producer eatsthe one below it in the chain. Energy flows in one direction only.http://slideplayer.com/slide/5675489/
The role of producers, consumers and decomposers in food chains and webs.Food ChainsThe feeding of one organism upon another in a sequence of food transfersis known as a food chain.Arrows go from the organism being eaten to the organism eating itshowing the direction of flow of ood-chain-references
Food WebsIn an ecosystem there are many different food chains and many of theseare cross-linked to form a food web. Ultimately, all plants and animals in anecosystem are part of this complex food web.If one species in the food webchanges in numbers, it willaffect all other species in thefood web.For example, if all the rabbitswere removed the predatorswould need to start eatingmore of the birds, mice andrats. The grass that the rabbitsate would increase and feedmore of the other herbivores.
The structure and functions of the plantMany parts of the plant are involved with the process ofphotosynthesis, either by helping collect the substancesneeded (roots, stem, leaves), storing products formed(roots, stem) or providing a place for the process to takeplace (leaf cells).The Shoot System - Above ground (usually)Lifts the plant above the soil. Mainfunctions include:Leaves - photosynthesisFlowers - reproductionFruit – seed dispersalStem - food and water transportThe Root System - Underground (usually)Anchor the plant in the soil. Main functionsinclude:Absorb water and nutrientsTransport water and nutrientsFood xplore/Roots%20clipart%20tomato%20plant/
Parts of a plant we eatseedsflowersstemrootsleavesfruitWe use many types of plants for food. The fruit and vegetables that we eat, and grow foreating, come from various parts of the plant. We often breed types of plant for food byexaggerating a part of a plant, such as flowers of the plant to grow broccoli, to ants-we-eatbetter use of them.
The significance of photosynthesis in making foodMost living organismsdepend on plants tosurvive. Plants convert(change) energy fromsunlight into food storedas carbohydrates throughphotosynthesis. Becauseanimals cannot make theirown food, they must eatplants (producers) to gainnutrition. Plants produceoxygen, which is releasedduring photosynthesis,which all organisms needfor respiration.
Photosynthesis transfers energy from sunlight into energy in chemicals such asglucose and starch.Light enters the leaf and is trappedby a green substance calledchlorophyll contained withinstructures called the chloroplastsin the cells.Water is transported via watertube cells, called xylem, to theleaf cell and the carbon dioxideenters through the stomata anddiffuses (spreads) to the leaf cells.These substances react chemicallywithin the chloroplasts; poweredby the light then glucose (a sugar)is produced along with oxygen,which diffuses out. The sugarleaves the leaf via sugar/food tubecells.
The leaf is the location of most open.asp?p 11673The flat surface of the leaf called theblade helps capture maximumsunlight for photosynthesis.The leaf is attached by a stem to theplant which branch out into veins.The large surface area of the leafhelps capture as much sunlight aspossible.The green colour is due tochlorophyll in the leaf cells thatcaptures the light, and wherephotosynthesis takes place.The leaf is thin to allow light (andcarbon dioxide gas from the air) tocirculate to every cell in the leaf.
Starch testA positive test for starch is the leaf turning blue- blackwhen iodine is added. The starch is the storage productof the plant when it produces photosynthesis. Apositive test means photosynthesis has occurred.Step 1. The leaf is boiled inwater to soften it.Step 2. The leaf is thenplaced into a boiling tube ofethanol, which is placed ina beaker of water andheated gently. This willremove the greenchlorophyll.Step 3. The leaf is washed inwater to remove all of theethanol.Step 4. Iodine added to theleaf. It will turn blue-blackin the presence of starch.The starch indicatesphotosynthesis and theproduction of glucose hasoccurred.
Investigations into photosynthesis requirementsWe can investigate that photosynthesis happens in the chloroplasts/chlorophyll in the leafcells and use the starch test as evidence. When a plant undergoes photosynthesis, itproduces glucose, which is converted into starch for storage. If we want to investigate whatfactors are required for photosynthesis we use the starch test to enable us to reach aconclusion. Factors include chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide and light present.Investigating if Chlorophyll is required forphotosynthesis:Select a leaf that is variegated leaf. Thegreen parts contain chlorophyll and thewhite parts do not. To show chlorophyll isrequired for photosynthesis only theprevious green areas will turn blue - black.Investigating if light is required forphotosynthesis:Place a piece of black paper over a leafand leave for a few days still on the plant.To show light is required forphotosynthesis only the uncovered areaswill turn blue - black.
Water movement through a plantWater is required for photosynthesis and it movesthrough the plant in one direction only.Step three: water moves out of theplant by transpiration through thestomata on the underside of the leafStep two: water moves up through thexylem by molecules “sticking” togetherand being pulled upwardsStep one: Water uptake by the processof osmosis into the root hairs
The xylem transports water inplantsWater is pulled up the xylem as each water particle sticks toeach other. The xylem is probably the longest part of thepathway that water takes on its way to the leaves of a plant.Transpiration of water in the leaf pulls the water up.Xylem cells have cell wallscontaining cellulose and ligninmaking them extremelystrong. Xylem cells contain nomembranes and are considereddead. These cells overlap tocreate a series of pathways thatwater can take as it heads to theleaves.
Flowering PlantsPlants that produce flowers are known asFlowering Plants (angiosperms).The flowers are the reproductive structureswhere fertilisation occurs and seeds areproduced.Flowering plants include many of our commonNew Zealand such as kōwhai, harakeke (flax)and pōhutakawa, as well as flowering grasseslike toetoe.Many of our New Zealand Flowering plantshave been discovered by Māori to be usefulfor medicine, food, clothing and housing.
Flowering Plant life cycleAll flowering plantsdevelop flowers thatproduce male pollen andfemale eggs. The numberand structure of thesedepend on the species ofplant.The reproductive cycleinvolves the transfer ofpollen to the egg in theflower (pollination), thejoining of the pollen andegg to make a seed(fertilisation) and thespreading of seeds to growa new plant /flowering-plant-and-conifer-life-cycles
The structure of a flowerInsect / bird pollinated flowershave visible, oftencolourful petals thatsurround the flower'ssexual reproductionparts. The petals can"advertise" forspecific pollinatorsthrough their shape,size, colour andsometimes smell. Theflowers aresurrounded by sepals,which are small andusually greenstructures thatprotect the flower asits :Featured picture candidates/Sarracenia flower
Drawing and labelling a flowerThe main parts of a typical flower that are pollinated by an animal suchas a bird or insect, is shown below in a cross-section drawing. Manyflowers often have many anther/filaments surrounding one centralstigma/style. When labelling, one of each is required.Reminders forBiological drawing: Clean singlelines Label all parts Do not crossover flower/
The reproductive parts of an insect-pollinated flowerThe male part of aflower is called thestamen. The pollenis produced in theanther which is heldup by the filament.The pollen iscollected by apollinator. (orspread by wind)The pollen containsmale sex cells(gametes) whichwill later join withthe female gametesin the ovule duringfertilisation.The female part ofthe flower is calledthe pistil (or carpel).The pollen from amale part of aflower is brought tothe stigma by apollinator. Thisprocess is calledpollination.The pollen travelsdown the style intothe ovary to joinwith an egg cellinside the ovules ina process wer-diagram-without-labels/
PollinationPollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of the flower to thefemale (stigma) part of another flower. Flowers can be wind-pollinated oranimal-pollinated. Animals that assist in pollinating a flower are known aspollinators.Insect-pollinated flowers oftencontain nectar, a sweet sugarproduced by the plant, toattract an insect. As the insectreaches into the flower for thenectar it may be brushed withpollen from the anther. If theinsect moves to another flowerit may brush the pollen againstthe stigma and thereforepollinate the flower.Flowers ripen their male andfemale parts of the flower atdifferent times to prevent selfpollination.
Summary of pollination in plants1. The male parts of the flower are the anther and filament2. The female parts of the flower are the stigma, style and ovary3. Male gametes are found in Pollen Produced in the Anther4. Pollen needs to be moved to the female part called the Stigma of the samespecies of plant to reproduce5. This process is called Pollination6. Pollination can be helped by Wind Or Animal7. An example of wind pollination is grass plants8. A wind pollinated flower is most likely to look like - small, green, unscented9. An example of animal pollination is a rose plant pollinated by insects10.An animal pollinated flower is most likely to look like – colourful, with largepetals, perhaps with a scent
Different ways pollen may be transferred.Pollen grains are tiny and they are light enough tobe carried by the wind or on the bodies of flyingand crawling animals.Plants and their flowers have adapted to transfertheir pollen from one flower to another in manydifferent ways that include using wind, insects,birds, mammals and reptiles.
Different types of pollination methodsInsectpollinationReptile pollinationwind pollinationmammalpollinationBird pollination
Examples of insect-pollinated flowersGZ Science Resources 2014
Examples of wind-pollinated flowers
The differences in structure between insect-and wind-pollinated flowersInsect pollinated flowers are easily seenand often contain scent and nectar toattract the insects. The male parts areadapted so they make contact with theinsect as it feeds from the flower.Wind pollinated flowers are often smalland green with no scent. Male anthersprotrude out from the flower to allow thewind to pick up the pollen and disperse itaway from the plant. Male and femaleparts develop at different times.
The differences in structure between insect-and wind-pollinated flowersSummaryFeatureWind pollinatedInsect pollinatedpetalsSmall dull coloured petalsLarge brightly coloured flowersscentFlowers do not have any scentFlowers have scent to attract insectsstamenStamen is thin and hangs outside flowerStamen is strong and inside the flowerpollenPollen grains are light and numerousPollen grains are sticky or hairy and are few inamountstigmaStigma is feathery to catch pollen and hangsoutside the flowerStigma is also hairy and sticky and is inside theflowernectarNo nectar or nectaryMany have sweet nectar in a nectary to attractinsects
Fertilisation in flowering plants1. Pollen from either the same plant (self-pollination) or another plant(cross-pollination) needs to arrive on the flowers stigma2. The pollen sends a tube down the style to reach the ovule, and the malegametes (there are two in every pollen grain) enter the ovule to fertilise the egg(female gamete)3. One male gamete joins with one female gamete to form a zygote and the plant isfertilised. (The fertilised ovule develops into a seed)
The differences between pollination and fertilisation in flowering plantsPollination just refers topollen landing on thefemale stigma of theplant. This can either bewith a pollinator orwind.Fertilisation refers to thesperm cell (that was inthe pollen grain) joiningwith the egg cell to forma single cell (zygote).Pollination does notalways lead tofertilisation
The formation of seed and fruit from ovule and ovaryOnce the flower has beenfertilised by pollen the ovarygrows to form the fruit.The ovules become theseeds.The outer part of the ovulegrows into the seed coat.The zygote grows into theyoung plant – or embryo.A fruit may have one ormore seeds.The petals, sepals and otherparts of the flower start todie and fall off.NOT ASSESSED
Seed dispersalPollen is dispersed (or spread) from plant to plant so the flowers can be pollinated andfertilised seeds produced. Once the seeds are mature they then also need to bedispersed so they are not competing with the parent plant for space, light, water andnutrients. There are various ways that plants have evolved to disperse their seeds;forming inside fruit that animals will eat and spread, forming structures on the seed sothe wind will carry them away, can float away, be forced away or tangle in the coat of ananimal to be carried away.http://ebd10.ebd.csic.es/projects/
Seed dispersalHow are seeds dispersed?By ingplaces/food for us.htmBy the windSelf dispersal
Seed structure is linked to Seed dispersalAnimalsThese fall into two main groups: fruits toattract animals to eat them or seed podsthat are sticky or have hooks to attached toanimals coats and be carried awayWaterMost of these plants havefruits which float. Theybecome buoyant by trappingair.WindMost of these seeds are light and either havewings or plumesExpulsionFruitsexplodeor burstandseedsareflickedaway
The Structure of seedsA seed is a fertilised ovum(egg) containing a smallembryonic plant and a supplyof food to help it germinateand grow before it can start tophotosynthesis and make itsown food. The embryo plantis made up of the plumuleand radicle and cotyledonscontain the starch/foodstores.Water enters the seedthrough the micropyle andstarts the seed germinating.The water also softens thetesta to allow it to split.
The functions of parts of a seedThe seed consists of theseed coat or the testa,which surrounds thecotyledons or the foodstorage area. Theembryo consists of theradicle which is theembryonic root and thepumule, which forms thefirst shoots and leaves ofthe plant. A small pore inthe seed may be seencalled the micropyle. Thisis where the pollenoriginally entered theovule.
The conditions needed for germination of seedsSeeds will remain dormant until they receive (WOW)WaterOxygenWarmthThen they will germinate.Other types of seeds may also require fire to burn seed coat light soaking in water scratched seed coat being digested by animalsBefore they germinate
Stages of germination of seedsWhilst germinatingthe plant uses foodstores in thecotyledon to provideenergy for growthgerminationThe seedling can nowphotosynthesise andmake its own foodPlant growth and development
The conditions needed for germination of seedsSeed loses weight as it usesup starch stores in thecotyledons as the seedlingcannot photosynthesise yetDry mass/gWeight increases asthe seedling canphotosynthesise andplant growsDry mass is themass of solidmatter with allwater removedDays
Germination Investigation:Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)OxygenpresentOxygenpresentNo ymoistmoistmoistWarmBWarmCWarmDWarmE
Māori scientific knowledge and understanding of their use of plants - TawaOver a long period of time Māori have built uptheir scientific knowledge and understanding oftheir use of plants for medicine (Rongoa), food,clothing and housing.Many of these uses are still practiced today.Tutu. Photographer: Michael Hall. Te Papa & Ngati Toa. Tutu ointmentbeing applied to arthritic wrist.
Māori scientific knowledge and understanding of their use of plants - RataThe rātā tree bark can be made intoa lotion or poultice, and the flowernectar can used for sore thro
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. A cell is a small, living unit that contains all the chemicals and molecules that help support an organism's life. Classifying objects as living or non-living How would we know if a car or cow is living? They both move and need “fe
Living things are made up of millions of very small units called cells. A cell is the smallest living unit which makes up a living thing. The number of cells in a living thing varies. Some living things are made up of a single cell, so we call them unicellular. Other living things are made up of many cells, so we call them multicellular.
Cells & Living Things What are living things made of? Early idea: all living things . basic, functional unit of life. Characteristics of Living Things All living things. 1. Grow 2. Move 3. Respond to stimuli 4. Reproduce. Growth A result of the cells in your . A change in positi
1. LIVING THINGS AND NON LIVING THINGS. In this unit we are going to study “LIFE”. Biolo. gy is the study of livin. g things. Consider what this means for a minute or two. Think about the different kinds of living things you know. The study of living things teaches us that, in life, there is a great diversity, but also a great unit. All .
UNIT 1 The pupils will be able to: LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS 1.1.1 group materials into living and non -living things . Note 1.1.2 state the characteristics of living things. 1.1.3 group living things into plants and an imals . 1.1.4 describe some external appearance of plants . Living and Non -living things
A cell is the smallest unit of life. 2. Cells make up all living things. 3. New cells only arise from preexisting, living cells. Categories of cells Eukaryotic cells Categories of cells Prokaryotic cells. 2 Cell structure 1. Plasma membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm Plasma membr
#1 All living things (organisms) are made of cells. 1.Cells – the basic unit of function and structure in living things. 2. Organisms can be . . . a) UNICELLULAR – made of only one cell! b) MULTICELLULAR – made of many cells. 3. While all cells have the same basic parts, cells can look different and be specialized for certain jobs.
LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS. What is a LIVING thing? If something is LIVING - it is ALIVE ! x A plant is a living thing. x A n animal is a living thing. x YOU are a living thing. These are . living things: a tree . a cat a person . What can living th ings
Living and Non-Living Things: Island Adventure What Is Alive? Let's Label It Which Ones Are Non-Living? Time for a Nature Walk Time to Trace What Do Living Things Need? Delicious and Nutritious Living Things Grow Memory Match Growing Up: Then and Now Let's Keep Track Move Like Me Let'
