Climate Change Statistics At The Global Level - United Nations
Climate change statistics at theglobal levelNational Technical Training Workshop onEnvironment StatisticsKololi, Banjul, The Gambia6-8 August 2019United Nations Statistics Division
UNSD past activities UNSD organized two conferences on climate change andofficial statistics Oslo, 14-16 April 2008(http://unstats.un.org/unsd/climate change/default.htm) Seoul, 11-12 December 2008(http://unstats.un.org/unsd/climate change/Korea/default.htm) A review on climate change in official statistics by the AustralianBureau of Statistics was presented at the Statistical Commission in2009. Specify how official statistics may be used for climate change measurementand analysis Identify recommendations and actions to mainstream the climate changeaspect in official statistics No follow-up for some yearsUnited Nations Statistics Division
Climate change statistics:where are we now? Demand is greaterthan supply,particularly forenvironmentalaspects, particularly indeveloping countries Guidance exists buton some areas IPCC frameworkUnited Nations Statistics Division
FDES & climate change statistics6.EnvironmentProtection,Management andEngagement5.HumanSettlements andEnvironmentalHealth2. EnvironmentalResources andtheir Use1.EnvironmentalConditions andQuality3.Residuals4.Extreme Eventsand Disasters FDES cross-cuttingapplication (Chapter 5) linksclimate change andenvironment statistics basedon IPCC Framework (4threport in 2007) Integrating official statisticsfor climate change monitoringUnited Nations Statistics Division
State of statistics and guidance Climate process drivers - statistics relatively more available. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions transform into globalconcentrations. Climate change evidence - statistics relatively more available. Temperature and precipitation are available over long periods oftime. Climate change impacts and vulnerability - some statistics areproduced on impacts but more are needed. For vulnerability, need todevelop methodologies and capacity. Emerging data needs: Extreme climate-related meteorologicalevents and natural disasters increase in frequency and intensity. Mitigation and adaptation statistics are less often produced andmore difficult to capture statistically. Insufficient resources for measurement and lack of guidance. Adaptation statistics, while may be produced for particularsectors, need to be linked to climate change statistics.United Nations Statistics Division
Report of the Secretary-General on Climate Change Statistics to the47th session of the Statistical CommissionUNSD, in collaboration with UN-ECE, prepared the Report of the Secretary-General onClimate Change Statistics to the 47th session of the Statistical Commission(E/CN.3/2016/15) (New York, 8-10 March techange docs conf.htmlDecision atistical-commission-E.pdfMain decisions:For countries: Use the FDES 2013 to guide the development of climate change statisticsand indicators given the close interrelationship between environment statistics andclimate change statistics.For UNSD: Review and consider the set of climate change-related statistics andindicators of the Economic Commission for Europe as a basis for developing a global setof climate change statistics and indicators, applicable to countries at various stages ofdevelopment.United Nations Statistics Division
UNSD Pilot Survey on Climate Change-relatedStatistics and Indicators - summary The UN-ECE set includes 39 indicators, grouped into five areas:Drivers – Emissions – Impacts – Mitigation – Adaptation 12 countries (11 developing and 1 developed), most of which are part ofExpert Group on Environment Statistics (EGES), responded to Pilot Survey.United Nations Statistics Division
Pilot Survey – key pointsDemonstrated the need to develop: new or additional indicators to reflect situation in developingcountries. process on how to identify/modify the indicators based on: existing global processes (e.g. incorporating indicators identified inadaptation and mitigation plans being submitted to UNFCCC). regional and national policies, priorities and processes. systematic process for a full consultation at national level to involve allstakeholders.United Nations Statistics Division
UNSD: Globalizing climate change statistics andindicators (current activities)To strengthen the link between statistics and policy, UNSD isengaging closely with UNFCCC to develop the global set ofclimate change statistics and indicators.United Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of climate change indicators(consulted sources to date)International and RegionalSources IPCC ReportsWMOESCWAFAOFDESSDG IndicatorsSEEAECEEEAOther Academic/NGOinstitutions or frameworks National Sources (from 103 ountries to date)State of environment reportsUNFCCC National CommunicationsNational Adaptation Plans (NAPs)National environmental protection agenciesIntended National Determined Contributions(INDCs)National Statistics Offices (NSOs)Ministry websites Ministries of Environment Ministries of Natural Resources Ministries of Sustainable Development Ministries of Energy Bureaus of MeteorologyUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of climate change indicators(consulted 103 national sources to dosHondurasTogo NigeriaColumbia nmark BelarusUPolandIreland K Franc GermanyMoldovaUkraine landMongoliaUzbekistanItaly Greece TurkeySpainKyrgyzstanLebanon Syria Iraq ineMorocco AlgeriaKuwait Afghanistan NepalLibya Egypt Jordan BahrainPakistan Bhutan MyanmarQatarMauritaniaSaudiUAEBangladeshLaosSudan Arabia OmanBurkinaIndiaThailandVietnamYemenGhana FasoCanadaCambodiaMaldivesSri LankaKenyaKorea d Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of climate change indicators(consulted sources to date)Processing steps: The documents of the above sources were compiled. Key word search was conducted in the documents using predefined set ofkey words, for example: Natural disasters, threatened species, forest area, emissions. Next, key words were grouped into common indicators and consolidated. Indicators were assigned to one (or more) of the five climate change areas(drivers, impacts, adaptation, mitigation or vulnerability). Counts of source indicators were automatically extracted so that eachindicator can be assessed in terms of how many countries mentioned it andin how many sources.United Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of climate change indicators In the growing list of climate change indicators, there are approximately 6,822instances sourced from countries, grouped into five areas (Drivers, Impacts,Mitigation, Adaptation, and Vulnerability) consisting of around 150 indicators.Many of which are repeated across different countries and organizations. Indicators come from reports of M. of Env/NSOs, which contain country-relevantinformation, at least one national source has been taken from 103 countries.Besides, international and regional sources such as SDG indicators, FDES, IPCCreports and ECE have been taken into account to identify other key indicators. Most country-specific indicators come from State of Environment reports orUNFCCC National Communications/National Adaptation Plans. Data fromministries of energy, meteorology and natural resources also been considered. UNSD is identifying a list of the most commonly repeated indicators according tothe five areas of IPCC framework promoting a bottom-up approach to theselection of indicators and will continue this compilation from more countries. After improvement of the indicator names, correspondence to SDGs and FDESstatistics were mapped, but further work is neededUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of Driver Indicators (103 countries)Countries whichhave reported(Out of 103)Number ofOccurrences(multiple sourcesper country)Area under Land Use83268GHG emissions of production activities71113Generation of Waste/Wastewater51158Livestock Production3439Emission of NMVOC2929Number of Vehicles2032Deforestation Rate1415Energy Intensity of the Economy1215Energy Consumption by Household/Capita1215Total Energy Efficiency of the Economy1010Emission of Hydrocarbons910Name of IndicatorUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of Impact Indicators (103 countries)Countries whichhave reported(Out of 103)Number ofOccurrences(multiple sourcesper country)Anomalies in Precipitation6286Changes in Agricultural Production5479Sea level Rise4956Occurrence of Drought4758Mortality due to Water related Diseases and Conditions42165Occurrence of Flood4160Incidence / Number of Cases of Vector-Borne Diseases3846Concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)3442Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO)33172Anomalies in Surface Air Temperature3337Incidence / number of cases of Water related Diseases and Conditions3133Incidence / number of cases of Airborne Diseases and Conditions2425Name of IndicatorUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of Vulnerability Indicators (103 countries)Countries whichhave reported(Out of 103)Number ofOccurrences(multiple sourcesper country)Threats to Crops and Vegetation3962Affects on Fish Production2847Water bodies - Lakes/Rivers1527Distribution of Ecosystems1416Various Risk Elements of Ecosystem1426Vulnerability due to Exposure to various Elements1424Population living in Slums1314Population living below the Poverty Line1010Mortality Rate1011Climate Variability1012Access to Health Care99Name of IndicatorUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of Mitigation Indicators (103 countries)Countries whichhave reported(Out of 103)Number ofOccurrences(multiple sourcesper country)Increase in Forest Area5181Use of Hydro Energy4061Renewable Energy use in Overall Consumption3947Measures of Development related to Mitigation3984Progress towards Reducing GHG Emissions1921Use of Solar Energy1820Pro-Environment Activities and NGOs1529Investments on Environmental Protection1420List and Description of Green/Environmental taxes1417Amount of Environmental Monitoring Measures1418Environmental Engagement and Activities to Mitigate1218Name of IndicatorUnited Nations Statistics Division
Towards the global set of Adaptation Indicators (103 countries)Number ofCountries whichOccurrenceshave reported(multiple sources(Out of 103)per country)Name of IndicatorUse of Water Resources80265Distribution & Status of Species5295Area which is Protected4466Use of Hydro Energy4061Proportion of Buildings/Infrastructure Adhering to Climate-Change Standards2857Recycling/ Reuse/ Use of Solid Waste2735Utilization of Adaptive Agricultural Methods2132Size of Environmental Monitoring Network2128Population Accessibility to Water1925Use of Solar Energy1820National Climate Change Research and Education Programs or Measures1415Measures of Cultural Sensitization or Knowledge to Environmental Issues1314United Nations Statistics Division
Further work on the global set of climate change indicators(contd) Develop and conduct a Pilot Survey to test the draft Global Set of ClimateChange Statistics and Indicators (by end of 2019) Analyze results of Pilot Survey to develop survey for the Global Consultation(early 2020) Conduct Global Consultation with all Member States in 2020 and report tothe Statistical Commission in 2021. The purpose of the Global Consultation, including that it is not intended tocollect data, will be clearly explained to countries. It will also be stated in theGlobal Consultation that it is an indicator framework to assess primarily therelevance, methodological soundness and availability of indicators to derive aGlobal Set of Climate Change Statistics and Indicators, and not an additionalreporting burden. The accompanying letter will include an introduction onwhy a set of climate change indicators is needed, i.e., that it has beenrequested from countries under the mandate of the Statistical Commission. A work plan outlining all the steps and activities will be developed by UNSDin collaboration with the Expert Group.United Nations Statistics Division
Questions and comments?United Nations Statistics DivisionEnvironment Statistics Section, United Nations Statistics Division
Thank you for your attention!For more information please contact the Environment Statistics Sectionat the UN Statistics Division:E-mail: envstats@un.orgwebsite: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/United Nations Statistics DivisionEnvironment Statistics Section, United Nations Statistics Division
United Nations Statistics Division State of statistics and guidance Climate process drivers - statistics relatively more available. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions transform into global concentrations. Climate change evidence - statistics relatively more available. Temperature and precipitation are available over long periods of time. Climate change impacts and vulnerability - some .
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