MODULE 4: MAINTAINING COMPUTER AND NETWORK SYSTEMS Content Standard .
MODULE 4:MAINTAINING COMPUTER AND NETWORK SYSTEMSContent StandardThe learner demonstratesunderstanding of the underlyingconcepts and principles onconfiguring computer systems andnetworks.Performance StandardThe learner independentlydemonstrates skills in configuringcomputer systems and networks asprescribed by TESDA TrainingRegulations.Number of Sessions (Time Allotment):60 HOURSComputer Hardware Servicing: This course provides an excellentintroduction to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT)industry and in-depth exposure to personal computers, hardware, andoperating systems in accordance to local industry requirements andstandards. You will learn the functionality of various hardware and softwarecomponents and best practices in maintenance and safety issues.In this module, topics will be introduced progressively, for easyunderstanding. After carefully answering the pre- assessment, reading all thelessons, answering all the guide questions, performing all the activities,showing pieces of evidences of learning and answering the summative test,you will have a considerable knowledge and skills in installing computersystems and networks essential to be successful in computer hardwareservicing as one of the career options in ICT.187
There will be three (3) major topics that you will encounter: (1) will bemaintaining computer systems; (2) maintaining network systems; (3)inspecting and testing configured/repaired computer systems and networks.The three major topics contains sub-topics which the ultimate goal to teachyou how to maintain computer and network systems. This module containswhat to KNOW, what to PROCESS, what to REFLECT and UNDERSTANDas well as what to TRANSFER. The competencies for this module are:LO 1. Plan and prepare for the maintenance of computer system andnetworks Plan on how to maintain computer systems and networks Identify tools in maintaining computer systems and networks Inspect testing equipment and devices Check PC specifications Verify network functions and specificationsLO 2. Maintain computer systems LO 3. Identify faulty computer systemsTest normal functions of computer systemsPerform repair and replacement of faulty computer systemsAdhere to the recommended schedule and techniques in maintainingand cleaning computer systemsRespond to sudden breakdowns of computer systems in accordancewith established proceduresMaintain network systemsFollow OHS procedures in maintaining network systemsIdentify procedures in maintaining network systemsCheck or run the diagnostic softwareAdhere to the recommended schedule and techniques in maintainingand cleaning network systemsRespond to sudden breakdowns of network systems in accordance toestablished proceduresRun the burn-in test on computer systems188
LO 4. Inspect and test configured/repaired computer systems andnetworks Maintain the computer systems and networks to ensure safeoperations Run or conduct computer-to-computer communications Connect computer systems to the internet Check computer system and network to ensure safe operations Run the burn-in test on computer systems Conduct final inspection on the tests undertaken Prepare technical reports that comply with the job requirementsIn order to master the above listed competencies, you must beknowledgeable of the topics under what to KNOW, perform activities requiredunder what to PROCESS, accomplish additional meaningful tasks under whatto REFLECT and UNDERSTAND and finally show some pieces of evidenceof your learning by transferring what you have learned in a different contextunder what to TRANSFER.189
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge andprevious experiences about computer hardware servicing.SKILLS TESTDirections: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you mustmaster in order to render quality service when you enter the industry ofComputer Hardware Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Write “YES” if youcan do the skill and “NO” if not. Feel free to answer each skill. Write youranswers in your notebook.I can YESplan and prepare work to ensure occupationalhealth and safety (OHS) policies and proceduresare followed.obtain materials, tools, equipment and testingdevices needed to conform with jobrequirements.interpret work instructions according to jobrequirements.obtain computer components/ devices/ systemsand determine its location prior to installation.install equipment / devices / systems inaccordance to job requirements.check / test devices / systems and / orinstallations to determine the conformity to jobrequirements.check computer systems and networks forconfiguration in accordance with specificationsand requirements.diagnose fault or problem in the computersystems and networks in line with standardoperating procedures (SOP).configure the identified systems and networksbased on specifications and job requirements.inspect and test configured computer systemsand networks in conformity with manufacturer'sinstructions / manual.correct / adjust components or parts of computersystems and networks in accordance with jobrequirements.190NO
test computer systems and networks to ensuresafe operation.perform scheduled / periodic maintenance inaccordance with manufacturer's requirements.make needed repairs / replacements inaccordance with established procedures, whennecessary.clean and clear worksite of all surplus/excessmaterials in accordance with company SOP.Lesson 1. Procedures in Planning and Conducting MaintenancePreventive MaintenancePreventive maintenance can be described as maintenance ofequipment or systems before fault occurs. It can be divided into twosubgroups: Planned Maintenance and Conditioned-Based Maintenance.Planned Maintenance (PM) is any variety of scheduled maintenance toan object or item of equipment. Specifically, PM is a scheduled service visitcarried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item ofequipment is operating correctly to avoid any unscheduled breakdown anddowntime of an equipment.Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is a maintenance strategy thatuses the actual condition of the asset to decide what maintenance needs tobe done. CBM dictates that maintenance should only be performed whencertain indicators show decreasing performance or upcoming failure.Checking a machine for these indicators may include non-invasivemeasurements, visual inspection, performance data and scheduled tests.Condition data can be gathered at certain intervals, or continuously.The purpose of systematic inspection, detection and correction ofexisting / future problems is very important to maintain equipment / facilities insatisfactory condition before it may cause major problem.Maintenance, including tests, measurements, adjustments, and partsreplacement, performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring.Maintenance is divided into two (2) general type. Preventivemaintenance is given for maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactoryoperating condition to extend the life of the equipment. Correctivemaintenance is task performed to identify, isolate and rectify a fault so thatthe failed equipment or system can be restored to an operational conditionswithin the tolerances or limits.191
Common methods of determining what preventive (or other) failuremanagement policies should be applied are: Original EquipmentManufacturer (OEM) recommendations, requirements of codes and legislationwithin a jurisdiction, what an "expert" thinks ought to be done, or themaintenance that is already done to similar equipment, and most importantmeasured values and performance indications.Maintenance ProceduresIn preparing maintenance procedure, you also have to considerdesigning a systematic plan for both for hardware and software. This savestime, money and frustration and ensures safe conditions to prevent injury topeople and damage to computer equipment.Figure 123. Computer InspectionPlanning Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking:A. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.1. Design a monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.2. Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.3. Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.4. Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.5. Treat your computer properly.B. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.1. Backup your files.2. Install or secure passwords.3. Delete temporary files.4. Update anti-virus and spyware.192
Design a systematic monitoring, evaluating and updating plan forhardware.Computers have significantly changed the working environment,simplifying and speeding up many tasks across many work areas. However,with these advances are some potential problems and maintenance issues.These guidelines describe how computer technicians, students and computerusers can work together to achieve a productive workplace environment. Theguidelines reflect current knowledge and best practice for the use of computersso you can achieve maximum efficiency and safety in your workplace.SAMPLE MONITORING onitor isfunctional.PrinterCartridges arereplaced.Storage devicesare functional.Optical Drivesare functional.Place your computer in a well-ventilatedarea. This will allow proper circulation of airinside the computer unit.Figure 124. Computer LaboratorySchedule the use of computer for its longerlife. This will help lessen the attacks of virusesand increases the life span of your computer.Figure 125.Computer Usage193
Move the computer only when it is turnedoff and unplugged. To avoid damage to the computer unitalways turn off and unplugg it whentransferring the computer to anotherlocation.Figure 126. Unplugged Power CableTreat your computer properly. This means taking care of your computer. PCsand laptops should be properly turned off.Figure 127. Computer careDo systematic maintenance plan for yourcomputer software.Back-up your files Protecting your files means creating backups,storing your file backups on your hard drive orany removable storage device regularly.Figure 128.Backup Media194
Install or secure passwords. Installing passwords makes your filesmore secure.Figure 129. Installing PasswordsDelete temporary files. Deleting the temporary files on yourcomputer will enhance its speed andwill create more disk space for yourfiles.Figure 130. Deleting Temporary FilesUpdate anti-virus and spy ware. Regularly update your anti-virus foryour computer protection againstviruses.Figure 131.Updating Anti-Virus195
Diagnoses and Identification of Faulty Computer and Network SystemsThe following topics will familiarize you with planning and preparing forinstallation; installing equipment and devices; and conducting test on theinstalled computer system. Read carefully all the topics and apply the skills youhave gained from the lessons provided in this module.A. Preventing Computer Systems FailureComputers, in general, are pretty stable, and you can usually rely onthem to not fail you. However. If you develop some basic habits, you canpostpone serious computer problems, if not avoiding them entirely.1. Computer issues. Knowthat your computer is goingto fail. You need to treatyour computer as if it were adoomed failure. Alwaysassume that failure isimminent.A fatal error results indata loss, damage to yourFigure 132. Computer issuescomputer and/or its ability tofunction, hardware failure, or other serious issues.Signs of imminent failure might include regular poor performance, frequenterrors and/or popups, unknown programs being installed, frequent power loss(the computer shuts down automatically frequently), frequent crashes, orcertain parts not working.196
2. Dust issues. Preventing failure meansmaking sure your computer is physicallyclean in its operations. Make sure thatthere is not too much dust inside,especially on the fans. Dust can reduceperformance and cause overheating.Figure 133. Inside the System Unit3. RAM issues. Know your computer'sspecifications and its limits. RAM runseven the PC is running idly. It consumesRAM storages capacity making youdifficult to open a program if RAM storagehad been consumed.Figure 134. Random Access Memory4. Malware issues. Make sure that your anti-virus software is updated to beable to scan unnecessary files that enter your PC. Do not install programsthat you’re not familiar with or if do not fully trust.5. Hardware issues. When something is notworking properly, either diagnose the problemyourself and fix it, to prevent further damage orcontact a professional and have them look at itfor you. Take advantage of warranties on partsif they fail.Figure 135.Hardware197
6. Warning issues. If the same errormessage shows up every time youlog in, be sure to investigate it.Although unlikely, these errors couldbe important.Figure 136.Error Messages7. Usage issues. Give your computer a break.Believe it or not, your computer likes rest, too.Leaving it on all of the time wears out hardware,and puts unnecessary wear and tear on thehardware. Giving your computer a break alsosaves you money (electrical bills).Figure 137. Power Off8. Warranty issues. Always take advantageof warranties. Get a warranty to protect yourhardware, so it can be replaced in case offailure.Figure 138. Warranty Sticker9.Backup issues. Back-up everything.Run regular backup of your important files toother disks, computers, or an online backupservice.Figure 139. Storage Media198
10. Error message issues. If your PCfails to function, diagnose the problem.Write down the necessary info such aserror messages or things don’t workproperly. If you know how to fix it, do it, toavoid further damage but if not then seekfor professional help.Figure 140. Error MessagesNetwork ProblemsWhen you suddenly cannot connect to the Internet, any of severalthings could be wrong. Use this checklist to find and solve common Internetconnection problems.1. Unplugged Network CableUnplugged or loose network cables are one of the most commonreasons why you might suddenly find yourself unable to connect to theInternet. That's a problem on wireless networks, but on most laptops thewireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) radio can be inadvertently shut off instead. On homenetworks, it's also possible that someone unplugged the router.Action: Ensure your wired or wireless network hardware is switched on andplugged in.2. Website Temporarily OfflineWhat may seem to be a network problem connecting to the Internet issometimes simply a Web site (or whatever server is on the other end of theconnection) being temporarily offline.Action: Before assuming your Internet connection is faulty, try visiting severalpopular Web sites rather than just one.3. IP Address ConflictsIf your computer and another on the network both have the same IPaddress, the conflict between them will prevent either from working properlyonline.199
Action: To resolve an IP conflict, follow these instructions to release andrenew your IP address. If your network uses static IP addresses, manuallychange your IP to a different number.Windows XPStep 1:Click Start Run. In the Run window, enter “cmd” then click OK.Step 2:On the command prompt, enter “ipconfig/release” then press [Enter].Step 3:Once the IP address becomes 0.0.0.0, enter “ipconfig/renew” thenpress [Enter].4. Computer Firewall MalfunctionsFirewall software running on most computers is intended to preventunwanted network traffic from disrupting its operation. Unfortunately, thesesoftware firewalls can malfunction and start blocking valid Internet traffic.When two software firewalls, such as Windows Firewall plus a third-party200
product, are installed on the same computer, contention between the two canalso incorrectly block traffic.Action: If you have recently installed or upgraded software firewalls on yourcomputer, temporarily disable them to determine whether it may be the causeof Internet connection problems.5. Outside Wireless Signal RangeThe performance of Wi-Fi network connections depends on distancebetween the device and the wireless access point. The farther away a Wi-Fidevice is, the slower the local connection generally runs, until it breaksaltogether. Wireless signal interference in the area can also limit the effectiverange of a Wi-Fi connection. Whenever you are unable to reach the accesspoint, you also cannot connect to the Internet, obviously.Action: Use one of the options written below to measure the strength of yourwireless signal and try these ideas to expand the range of your Wi-Fi.Ideally, you should place the router at a height in some central location andaway from other cordless devices. Make sure that the router is not placednear something metallic (like an almirah or window grills) as that will weakenthe wireless signals. Avoid mirrors as they can reflect the wireless signalsaway from the desired direction.Wireless routers generally ship with omni-directional antennas but you canreplace them with more powerful uni-directional antennas and that will keepthe signal from getting broadcast in all directions.6. Wireless Network ConfigurationWi-Fi networks with encryption options like WPA or WEP turned onrequire computers to use matching security keys when connecting. Ifsomeone changes the encryption keys or password on the access point,devices that worked before will suddenly be unable to establish sessions andInternet connections. Likewise (though less likely), if the access point settingsare changed to require using a specific Wi-Fi channel number, somecomputers may be unable to discover it.Action: Confirm that the Wi-Fi channel number and encryption keys on yourrouter have not recently changed (check with the network administrator ifnecessary). When using a hotspot, follow the provider's instructors for signingin carefully.201
7. Broadband Router or Access Point MalfunctionsHome networks that use broadband routers are easier to manage thanthose without one, but technical glitches with the router can also preventcomputers from connecting to the Internet. Router failures are caused byoverheating, excessive traffic, or simply a faulty unit. Typical symptoms of aflaky router include computers on the network not being able to obtain IPaddresses, or the router console not responding to requests.Action: Check the router's lights and console if possible to ensure it isrunning and responding properly. Troubleshoot and reset the router ifnecessary. Change the old router if necessary.8. Blocked By Your Service ProviderInternet Service Providers (ISPs) can choose to block access fromyour account if you fail to make payment or otherwise violate the provider'sTerms of Service. Especially when using paid hotspots that charge by thehour or day, sometimes people forget to keep their subscription updated.Other common reasons an ISP might block your account include exceedingbandwidth caps, sending spam e-mail, and downloading illegal orinappropriate content.Action: Contact your ISP if you suspect your account has been blocked.9. Computer GlitchesComputers suffer from technical glitches or malfunctions. Althoughrelatively uncommon nowadays, a computer's network adapter hardwaremight suddenly fail due to overheating or age. Failures in the operatingsystem software that control the adapter, on the other hand, can occurfrequently especially with computers that are heavily used. Viruses andworms also may disable or block a computer's network interfaces fromfunctioning properly. If using a laptop or other mobile device, transporting itfrom one location to another can corrupt the state of its network.Action: Check the computer and remove any malware that you will find. OnWindows computers, try resetting the network connection. Reboot thecomputer if necessary.10. Network DowntimeThose using satellite Internet service may notice they canot connect tothe Internet during periods of very bad weather. Providers in dense urbanareas (including cellular Internet carriers) sometimes are unable to support202
peaks in network traffic that causes sporadic outages for some customers.Finally, those who subscribe to newer or more complex forms of Internetservices (such as fixed wireless broadband) may experience more downtimethan others as providers encounter more issues with relatively less matureequipment.Action - If all else fails, contact your Internet provider to verify whether theyare experiencing an outage. Some providers also give advice ontroubleshooting problems connecting to their network.Slide Show Computer and Network ErrorsDirections: In this worksheet, you will write the computer errors/problems,error messages and the network problems you encountered. Create aPowerpoint presentation.Be prepared to discuss your answers.Computer ProblemsNetwork ProblemsPictorial TourDirections: Form a group of five members and make an additional researchon the different diagnoses on faulty computer and network systems. Visitcomputer shops in your community. You can also interview/observe apractitioner while lending a quality service in computer hardware servicing.203
Video DemoApplication of Diagnosis on Faulty Computer and Network SystemsDirections: After the interview and observation with a practitioner, your groupwill showcase what you have learned through video demo. You can use avideo camera to record the event stressing the diagnosis on faulty computersand networks system. This event will be presented through a videopresentation using projectors or monitors. You will be rated based on therubrics written below:CRITERIAPERCENTAGESCORE30%Accuracy (Role and function of a devicewas accurately shown)30%Presentation (Organization or sequenceof the play and appropriate gestures wereused)30%Clarity (Diagnosis clearly delivered)10%Team work (Cooperation of each memberwas evident)Performance RatingMaintain Computer and Network SystemAs a future computer technician, you must be diligent and eager toknow the different procedures in using the tools for configuring computer andnetwork systems because this will guide you to carry out a particular job in aproper manner. Once you already identify the competencies, you must alsoacquire the appropriate skills to apply it in real time situations.This part will help you to find out some of the required procedures incomputer system configuration. Some of them are intentionally not includedso that you will have a chance to explore and learn through your ownexperience and study.The subsequent statements below describe the varied procedures inusing Action Center in the Control Panel:204
Windows and other Microsoft products have their own built-introubleshooting tools that bear little or no resemblance to the Fix Ittroubleshooters. Windows 7's Action Center Control Panel applet alerts you tosystem problems via an icon in the taskbar's notification area. You can alsouse the Action Center to view the machine's security and maintenancestatus.Go to the Action Center's linktotheControlPanel'sTroubleshooting applet to find abouta dozen options for fixing problemsrelated to program compatibility,hardware and audio, networking,security,WindowsUpdate,performance, and power usage.(Informationfor troubleshootingVista and Windows XP is availableon Microsoft's TechNet site.) Here isFigure 141. Control Panelhow:1) Click on the Start Button.2) Choose Control Panel.3) Select System and Security.4) Choose Action Center.5) On the Action Center, browseand check all the options for systemscheck. Security (View Anti-SpywarePrograms, update virusFigure 142. System and Securityprotection) Maintenance (Perform System Maintenance, Check for Solutions forunreported problems, Setup Backup) Troubleshooting Recovery205
Figure 143.Action Center Dialogue BoxWindows Security Center can help enhance your computer's security bychecking the status of several security essentials on your computer, includingfirewall settings, Windows automatic updating, anti-malware softwaresettings, Internet security settings, and User Account Control settings. IfWindows detects a problem with any of these security essentials (forexample, if your antivirus program is out of date), Security Center displays anotification and places a Security Center icon Picture of the red SecurityCenter shield in the notification area. Click the notification or double-click theSecurity Center icon to open Security Center and get information about howto fix the problem.When it comes to problems with Office applications, you are not likely tofind much help in the programs' built-in help systems. (Note that Office 2007apps include a built-in diagnostic routine. See the Microsoft Support site formore information.)You could attempt to sort through the links on Microsoft's support site forOffice 2007 and 2010 or the equivalent site for Office 2003, but if the OfficeFix It solutions do not help, your best bet may be to use the repair feature ofthe Office installer.206
To do so, open the Control Panel Programs and Features applet (Addor Remove Programs in Windows XP), select your version of Office, click theChange button at the top of the list, then select Repair button in the wizardthat opens, and follow the wizard's instructions. The Microsoft Support siteprovides more information about repairing Office 2010, Office 2007,and Office 2003.Even if your system appears to be running well, you may benefit fromusing Microsoft's Fix It and other diagnostic tools. Most PC users rely onautomatic updates of their system, security, and application software. Butprograms sometimes conflict in ways their vendors cannot predict. Few ofthese software glitches slam the brakes on your system but they are likely toslow it down a little or a lot.Investigate and Interpret: Computer Systems CheckDirections: In this worksheet, you will check and write down the currentstatus of your computer systems before the updates and after the updateswith regard to the different area listed below. Be prepared to discuss youranswers and the updates made.AreaStatus(BeforeUpdates)Security1) Anti-Spyware Programs2) Anti-VirusMaintenance1) System Maintenance207Status(After Updates)
Investigative ReportDirections: To deepen your understanding about computer systems status,search online or you can also interview a practitioner while rendering a qualityservice in computer hardware servicing. Present your report to the class.Ask their Profile (Name, Job description, Age, Business Name).1. Interview them about procedures in maintaining their computer andnetwork systems or usual problems they ailsinmaintainingcomputer and network systems wereelaborated well).30%Clarity (Clearly delivered each topic)10%Presentation (Organization or sequenceof information)Performance RatingMagazine ArticleDirections: Make an article regarding to the effects of ignoring computerproblems. Use the questions below as your guide in writing your article. Usestriking title and be creative. Be ready for an oral presentation.1. What is the risk of turning off messages about spyware and relatedprotection?2. What is the risk of turning off messages about virus protection?ContentsExcellent (5)Almost all words spelledcorrectlyCapitalization Begins all sentences butone with uppercaseletters.Punctuation Correct endingpunctuation in everySpelling208Good (3)Poor(1)
GrammarHandwritingsentence but one.Simple sentences aregrammatically correct.Legible. Good spacingand alignment.Total PointsCOMPUTER SPECIFICATIONSWhat is Specification?The specification or ‘spec’ is a list of the key components that make upthe computer. It is provided by retailers to help buyers decide which PC, andwhich combination of features, they need. When buying a PC you start bydeciding what you want your PC to do. This tells the specification you actuallyneed.When reviewing a computer specification, the most importantcomponent to take are the processor, the size of RAM and the size of thehard drive as these are central to the overall capability of the system. If it isplanned to use specialized programs for students with special needs, it isadvisable to purchase a suitable specification computer to meet the systemrequirements for these programs.209
Understanding a SpecificationSample specification for a certain desktop computers:ProcessorsTwo companies - Intel Inc. and AMD Inc. – are the manufacturers ofmost of today’s PC processors and both offer a range that balances price andperformance. Processors are generally defined by their speed, in megahertz(MHz) or in gigahertz (GHz), and this relates to the number of operations theycan perform per second. The higher the value, the faster the PC will performand the more expensive it is. More recent and more powerful processors usea 64 Bit architecture, rather than the previous 32 Bit models.Memory (RAM)210
The main working memory in a computer is called random accessmemory or RAM. The processor uses this memory to run programs. RAM ismeasured in megabytes (MB). Most modern computers use DDR 2 RAM.A minimum of 2024 MB (2GB) of RAM is recommended for generalpurpose PCs. 2048 MB (2GB) of RAM is also sufficient for PCs runningmultimedia applications, i.e., those on which digital music, digital video orhigh-end graphics are being created/edited.Storage – The Hard DriveThe hard drive is the computer’s primary storage area. It stores theapplications and programs that run on the PC, as well as any work created byusers. From a school’s perspective, the capacity of the hard drive, measuredin gigabytes (GB), is a key criterion and should be given due considerationwhen reviewing PC specifications.A hard drive capacity of at least 80GB is recommended for generalpurpose PCs. A hard drive capacity of 200GB or more is recommended ifworking with multimedia applications where large graphics and digitalaudio/video files are being created and stored.Other SpecificationsMonitorsThe older Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) have been
systems and networks essential to be successful in computer hardware servicing as one of the career options in ICT. 188 There will be three (3) major topics that you will encounter: (1) will be maintaining computer systems; (2) maintaining network systems; (3) inspecting and testing configured/repaired computer systems and networks. .
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the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the findings and recommendations of the Dialogue will provide the stakeholders with the opportunity to reflect on how best to integrate gender equality considerations into such global normative frameworks. This report is the result of teamwork. First, I am grateful to the experts and leaders in the field of AI for taking the time to either talk to me via .
