Sierra Leone Demographic And Health Survey 2008 - WordPress
Sierra LeoneDemographic andHealth Survey2008
SIERRA LEONEDEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTHSURVEY2008Statistics Sierra LeoneMinistry of Health and SanitationFreetown, Sierra LeoneICF MacroCalverton, Maryland USAJuly 2009World Bank
This report presents the findings of the 2008 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) carriedout by Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS). TheGovernment of Sierra Leone provided financial assistance in terms of funding and in-kind contributions ofgovernment staff time, office space, and logistical support. Additional funding for the survey was provided bythe U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), theDepartment for International Development (DFID), and The World Bank. Logistical support was also receivedfrom the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), the World Health Organization (WHO),and the World Food Programme (WFP). ICF Macro, an ICF International Company, provided technicalassistance and medical supplies and equipment for the survey through the MEASURE DHS programme, whichis funded by USAID and designed to assist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, andmaternal and child health. The UNFPA Country Support Team provided backstopping support. The opinionsexpressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the donororganizations.Additional information about the survey may be obtained from Statistics Sierra Leone, A.J. Momoh Street,Tower Hill, PMB 595, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Telephone 232-22-223287/ 232-76-609989; Fax 232-22223897; Email: statistics@statistics.sl / info@statistics.slInformation about the DHS programme may be obtained from MEASURE DHS, ICF Macro, 11785 BeltsvilleDrive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; Telephone: 1-301-572-0200; Fax: 1-301-572-0999; Email:reports@macrointernational.com; Internet: www.measuredhs.com.Suggested citation:Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) and ICF Macro. 2009. Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008.Calverton, Maryland, USA: Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) and ICF Macro.
CONTENTSTABLES AND FIGURES . ixACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. xviiFOREWORD . xixPREFACE . xxiSUMMARY OF FINDINGS . xxiiiCONTRIBUTORS TO THE SIERRA LEONE DEMOGRAPHICAND HEALTH SURVEY . xxixMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS . xxxiMAP OF SIERRA LEONE .xxxiiCHAPTER phy. 1History. 1Economy . 2Population . 3Population and Family Planning Policies and Programmes . 3Health Policies and Programmes . 4Objectives and Organization of the 2008 SLDHS . 6Sample Design . 6Questionnaires . 7Anaemia and HIV Testing . 81.10.1 Haemoglobin Testing . 81.10.2 HIV Testing . 81.111.121.131.14Training of Field Staff . 9Main Fieldwork (Data Collection) . 10Data Processing . 10Response Rates . 10CHAPTER 2HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS2.12.2Introduction . 13Household Population by Age, Sex and Residence . 132.2.1Household Composition . 142.2.2Children’s Living Arrangement and Orphanhood . 152.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.102.112.122.13School Attendance by Survivorship of Parents and by Orphanhood Status . 17Education of the Household Population . 18School Attendance Ratios . 21Grade Repetition and Drop-out Rate . 22Household Drinking Water . 23Sanitation Facilities . 25Other Household Characteristics . 26Household Durable Goods . 28Wealth Quintiles . 28Birth Registration . 29Child Labour . 29Contents iii
CHAPTER 33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.10CHAPTER 44.14.24.34.44.54.64.7CHAPTER 15CHAPTER 66.16.26.36.46.56.66.7iv ContentsCHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTSBackground Characteristics of Survey Respondents . 33Educational Attainment. 34Literacy. 36Access to Mass Media . 38Employment . 39Occupation . 42Earnings, Employers, and Continuity of Employment . 44Health Insurance . 45Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning Tuberculosis . 45Smoking . 47FERTILITY LEVELS, TRENDS, AND DIFFERENTIALSCurrent Fertility . 51Fertility Differentials . 53Fertility Trends . 55Children Ever Born and Children Surviving . 56Birth Intervals . 57Age at First Birth . 58Adolescent Fertility and Motherhood . 59FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of Contraceptive Methods . 63Ever Use of Contraception . 65Current Use of Contraceptive Methods . 67Differentials in Contraceptive Use by Background Characteristics . 69Number of Children at First Use of Contraception . 70Knowledge of the Fertile Period . 72Source of Contraception . 72Informed Choice . 73Future Use of Contraception. 74Reasons for Not Intending to Use Contraception . 75Preferred Method for Future Use . 76Exposure to Family Planning Messages . 76Contact of Non-users with Family Planning Providers . 78Husband/Partner’s Knowledge of Women’s Contraceptive Use . 79Men’s Attitudes Towards Contraception . 80PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITYCurrent Marital Status . 83Polygyny . 84Age at First Marriage . 86Age at First Sexual Intercourse . 88Recent Sexual Activity. 90Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility . 93Menopause . 94
CHAPTER 77.17.27.37.47.57.67.7CHAPTER 8FERTILITY PREFERENCESDesire for More Children . 95Desire to Limit Childbearing by Background Characteristics . 97Need for Family Planning Services . 98Ideal Family Size . 100Mean Ideal Number of Children by Background Characteristics . 101Fertility Planning Status . 102Wanted Fertility Rates . 102INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY8.18.28.3Definition, Methodology, and Data Quality . 105Levels and Trends . 106Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality . 1078.3.1Socioeconomic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality . 1078.3.2Demographic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality . 1098.48.5Perinatal Mortality . 110High-Risk Fertility Behaviour . 112CHAPTER 99.19.29.39.49.59.69.79.8CHAPTER 1010.110.210.310.410.510.610.710.8CHAPTER 11MATERNAL HEALTHAntenatal Care . 115Number and Timing of Antenatal Care Visits . 117Components of Antenatal Care . 117Tetanus Toxoid Injections . 119Place of Delivery . 120Assistance during Delivery . 121Postnatal Care . 123Problems in Accessing Health Care . 126CHILD HEALTHChild’s Size at Birth. 129Vaccination Coverage . 130Trends in Vaccination Coverage . 133Acute Respiratory Infection . 134Fever . 135Diarrhoeal Disease . 137Knowledge of ORS Packets . 141Stool Disposal . 141NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS11.1Nutritional Status of Children . 14311.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children . 14311.1.2 Results of Data Collection . 14411.1.3 Levels of Malnutrition . 14711.211.311.4Initiation of Breastfeeding . 148Breastfeeding Status by Age . 150Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding . 152Contents v
11.511.611.711.811.911.1011.1111.1211.13CHAPTER 12MALARIA12.1Mosquito Nets . 17112.1.1 Ownership of Mosquito Nets . 17112.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Children . 17312.1.3 Use of Mosquito Nets by Women . 17412.2Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy . 17612.2.1 Malaria Prophylaxis during Pregnancy . 17612.2.2 Prevalence and Management of Childhood Malaria . 178CHAPTER 13vi ContentsTypes of Complementary Foods. 154Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices . 156Anaemia in Children . 158Iodization of Household Salt . 160Micronutrient Intake among Children . 161Nutritional Status of Women . 164Foods Consumed by Mothers . 165Micronutrient Intake among Mothers . 167Anaemia in Adults . 169HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOUR13.1HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods . 18313.1.1 Awareness of HIV/AIDS . 18313.1.2 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Transmission and Prevention Methods . 18513.1.3 Rejection of Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS . 18713.213.313.413.513.6Knowledge of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV . 189Stigma Associated with AIDS and Attitudes Related to HIV/AIDS . 190Attitudes towards Negotiating Safer Sex . 193Attitudes towards Condom Education for Youth . 194Higher-risk Sex . 19613.6.1 Multiple Partners and Condom Use . 19613.6.2 Transactional Sex . 20013.7Coverage of HIV Counselling and Testing . 20013.7.1 HIV Testing during Antenatal Care . 20313.813.913.1013.11Male Circumcision . 204Self-reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections . 204Prevalence of Medical Injections . 206HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Sexual Behaviour among Youth. 20813.11.1 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge among Young Adults . 20813.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources among Young Adults . 20913.11.3 Trends in Age at First Sex . 20913.11.4 Condom Use at First Sex . 21113.11.5 Abstinence and Premarital Sex . 21213.11.6 Higher-risk Sex and Condom Use among Young Adults . 21313.11.7 Cross-generational Sexual Partners . 21513.11.8 Drunkenness during Sexual Intercourse among Young Adults . 21613.11.9 Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing among Young Adults . 217
CHAPTER 14HIV PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS14.1Coverage of HIV Testing . 22014.1.1 Coverage by Sex, Residence, and Region . 22014.1.2 Coverage by Socio-demographic Characteristics . 22114.2HIV Prevalence . 22314.2.1 HIV Prevalence by Age . 22314.2.2 HIV Prevalence by Socio-economic Characteristics . 22314.2.3 HIV Prevalence by Demographic Characteristics . 22414.2.4 HIV Prevalence by Sexual Behaviour Indicators . 22614.314.414.514.6HIV Prevalence by Other Characteristics Related to HIV Risk . 228HIV Prevalence among Youth . 229HIV Prevalence among Couples . 232Measuring the HIV Burden in Sierra Leone . 232CHAPTER 1515.115.215.315.415.515.615.715.8CHAPTER 1616.116.216.316.416.516.616.7CHAPTER 1717.117.217.317.417.5WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTHOUTCOMESEmployment and Form of Earnings. 235Use of Earnings . 236Woman’s Participation in Decision-making . 239Attitudes toward Wife Beating . 243Attitudes toward Refusing Sex with Husband . 246Women’s Empowerment Indicators . 250Current Use of Contraception by Women’s Status . 252Reproductive Health Care by Women’s Status . 253FEMALE CIRCUMCISIONKnowledge and Prevalence of Female Circumcision. 255Flesh Removal and Infibulation . 256Age at Circumcision . 256Person Performing Circumcision . 258Circumcision of Daughters . 258Perceived Benefits of Undergoing Female Circumcision . 261Attitudes toward Female Circumcision . 264ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITYIntroduction . 267Data Collection. 267Data Quality . 268Direct Estimates of Adult Mortality . 270Direct Estimates of Maternal Mortality . 271REFERENCES . 273APPENDIX ASAMPLE DESIGN . 275APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS . 283Contents vii
APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY TABLES . 293APPENDIX DPERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2008 SIERRA LEONEDEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY. 305APPENDIX EQUESTIONNAIRES . 311viii Contents
TABLES AND FIGURESCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONTable 1.1Results of the household and individual interviews . 10CHAPTER 2HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICSTable 2.1Table 2.2Table 2.3Table 2.4Table 2.5.1Table 2.5.2Table 2.6Table 2.7Table 2.8Table 2.9Table 2.10Table 2.11Table 2.12Table 2.13Table 2.14Household population by age, sex, and residence . 13Household composition . 15Children’s living arrangements and orphanhood . 16School attendance by survivorship of parents and by orphanhood status . 17Educational attainment of the female household population . 19Educational attainment of the male household population . 20School attendance ratios . 22Grade repetition and dropout rates . 23Household drinking water . 25Household sanitation facilities. 26Household characteristics . 27Household durable goods . 28Wealth quintiles . 29Birth registration of children under age five . 29Child labour . 30Figure 2.1Figure 2.2Population Pyramid . 14Age-specific Attendance Rates for the de facto Population Age 5-24 . 21CHAPTER 3CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTSTable 3.1Table 3.2.1Table 3.2.2Table 3.3.1Table 3.3.2Table 3.4.1Table 3.4.2Table 3.5.1Table 3.5.2Table 3.6.1Table 3.6.2Table 3.7Table 3.8.1Table 3.8.2Table 3.9.1Table 3.9.2Background characteristics of respondents . 34Educational attainment: Women . 35Educational attainment: Men . 36Literacy: Women . 37Literacy: Men . 37Exposure to mass media: Women . 38Exposure to mass media: Men . 39Employment status: Women . 40Employment status: Men . 42Occupation: Women . 43Occupation: Men . 44Type of employment: Women . 45Knowledge and attitudes concerning tuberculosis: Women . 46Knowledge and attitudes concerning tuberculosis: Men . 47Use of tobacco: Women . 48Use of tobacco: Men . 49Figure 3.1Women’s Employment Status in the Past 12 Months . 41Tables and Figures ix
CHAPTER 4FERTILITY LEVELS, TRENDS, AND DIFFERENTIALSTable 4.1Table 4.2Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.6Table 4.7Table 4.8Current fertility . 52Fertility by background characteristics . 54Trends in age-specific fertility rates . 55Children ever born and living. 56Birth intervals. 57Age at first birth . 58Median age at first birth . 59Teenage pregnancy and motherhood . 60Figure 4.1Figure 4.2Figure 4.3Age-specific Fertility Rates by Urban-Rural Residence . 53Total Fertility Rate by Background Characteristics . 54Percentage of Adolescent Women Who Have Begun Childbearing byBackground Characteristics . 60CHAPTER 5FAMILY PLANNINGTable 5.1Table 5.2Table 5.3.1Table 5.3.2Table 5.4Table 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Table 5.8Table 5.9Table 5.10Table 5.11Table 5.12Table 5.13Table 5.14Table 5.15Table 5.16Knowledge of contraceptive methods . 64Knowledge of contraceptive methods by background characteristics . 65Ever use of contraception: Women . 66Ever use of contraception: Men . 67Current use of contraception by age . 68Current use of contraception by background characteristics . 70Number of children at first use of contraception . 71Knowledge of fertile period. 72Source of modern contraception methods . 73Informed choice .
This report presents the findings of the 2008 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) carried out by Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS).
Sierra Leone's level of rice self sufficiency dropped from around 90% to below 50% self sufficiency. It has since been slowly climbing back (8). Table 1.1 shows a graph of Sierra Leone's rice production from 1961 to 2007 from FAOSTAT. Figure 1.1 Sierra Leone Rice production, 1961-2007 . Sierra Leone Rice Production 0 500 1000 1500
United Nations Capital Development Fund PROGRAMME DOCUMENT (Sierra Leone) Programme Title: Digital Financial Services in Sierra Leone Implementing Partner: Bank of Sierra Leone Start Date: September 1, 2018 End Date: August 30, 2020 Brief Description In Sierra Leone (SL), 60%1 of 6.45 million people live in poverty with over 70%2 of people living on less than a dollar a day.
SIErrA LEoNE S Sierra Leone has undergone profound social, economic, and political changes over the past 15 years. After one-party rule, characterized by tribalism, nepotism, widespread corruption, and political harassment, Sierra Leone was plunged into what the UN described as the most brutal civil war on the continent of Africa.
1. Political Violence in Sierra Leone and the Need for Reliable Data 8 2. The Myth of a Peaceful Sierra Leone 10 3. Why They Fight: Violence in Post-War Sierra Leone 13 4. The Main Perpetrators of Political Disorder 15 5. Explaining Rising Levels of Political Violence in Sierra Leone 18 6. A National Task: End Impunity and Recalibrate Democracy 22
The Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1991 THE CONSTITUTION OF SIERRA LEONE, 1991 (Act No. 6 of 1991) ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS CHAPTER I — THE REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE 1. Declaration of Republic 2. Public Seal 3. The National Flag and National Anthem CHAPTER II — FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY 4. Fundamental Obligations of Government 5.
Sierra Leone declared Ebola free on 17th March 2016 by WHO Sierra Leone. PDSL- What we do Pursuant to executive powers conferred by H.E the . Objective is to attract investment into Sierra Leone using Esri’s ArcGIS Platform for showcasing the opportunity. ArcGIS Platfo
The labour migration policy also presents policy options for the protection and empowerment of migrant workers and their families in Sierra Leone and host countries. . There is enough evidence to suggest that some potential and actual migrant workers from Sierra Leone are exploited and abused by recruitment agencies and employers in destination .
ANATOMI RANGKA (SKELETON) Dr. KATRIN ROOSITA MSi. DEPARTEMEN GIZI MASYARAKAT, FEMA IPB . RANGKA DEFINISI Rangka (skeleton): susunan berbagai macam tulang yg berjumlah 206 tulang, satu sama lain disambungkan dengan sendi (joint/articulation). Fungsi Rangka: a. Penopang (Support) : Menahan seluruh bagian tubuh b. Gerak ( Motion and Locomotion). Rangka menjadi tempat perlekatan otot rangka dan .
