IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS - Conapri
IMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSCENTERIMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSCENTERIMD WORLDDIGITAL COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2019
PrefaceHow prepared are economies to productively use the transformative technologies of our time? Do countrieshave a feasible framework to facilitate the adoption and use of digitalization? And how ready are they toembrace the implications of digital disruption?Questions like the above were the trigger to construct the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR)in 2017. We are excited to present its 3rd edition!Technology and its rapid changing nature not only affect how businesses perform, but also how countriesfunction and prepare for the future. Governments around the world are investing heavily in their digital economyto enhance value creation and prosperity. The WDRC assesses the capacity of 63 economies to adopt andexplore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models and societyin general.To evaluate an economy, WDCR examines three factors: knowledge, which measures the know-how necessaryto discover, understand and build new technologies; technology, which evaluates the overall context that enablesthe development of digital technologies; and future readiness, which assesses the level of preparedness toexploit digital transformations.The latest ranking corroborates a trend that we have acknowledged before: economies based on individualswho adapt new technologies and industries, and show flexibility to innovations, are the ones that perform wellin the digital ranking. An additional observation is that there is a correlation between those economies whichadvance the frontiers of knowledge and those that exhibit high digital competitiveness. An important driver fordigital competitiveness is related to the strength of the institutional environment. The aspect of political stabilityis explored further in the accompanying essay.Like our other publications, the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking is the beneficiary of the support ofmany stakeholders. Our Partner Institutes, the IMD Alumni community and our Panel of Experts all generouslyoffer data, insights and time to help materialize such a report. We are indebted and grateful for their support.Professor Arturo BrisDirectorIMD World Competitiveness CenterDr Christos CabolisChief Economist & Head of OperationsIMD World Competitiveness CenterI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 91
Table of ContentsThe IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019 Preface 1User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 12Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings 12Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles 13Digital Competitiveness, political stability and investments in technology 16IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019 25Methodology in a Nutshell 28What is the IMD World Digital Competitiveness ranking? 29The 2019 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings: Selected Breakdowns 30Populations greater than 20 million 30Populations less than 20 million 31GDP per capita greater than 20,000 32GDP per capita less than 20,000 33Europe- Middle East - Africa 34Asia - Pacific 35The Americas 35Knowledge 36Technology 37Future Readiness 38Factor Rankings - 5 years overview 40Sub-factor Rankings 42Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles 43Appendices and Sources 170Notes and Sources by Criteria 172Factor I: Knowledge 172Factor II: Technology 174Factor III: Future Readiness 176Index to Criteria 1782I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 9
World Digital Competitiveness Country ProfilesArgentina 44Australia 46Austria 48Belgium 50Brazil 52Bulgaria 54Canada 56Chile 58China 60Colombia 62Croatia 64Cyprus 66Czech Republic 68Denmark 70Estonia 72Finland 74France 76Germany 78Greece 80Hong Kong SAR 82Hungary 84Iceland 86India 88Indonesia 90Ireland 92Israel 94Italy 96Japan 98Jordan 100Kazakhstan 102Korea Rep 104Latvia 106Lithuania 108Luxembourg 110Malaysia 112Mexico 114Mongolia 116Netherlands 118New Zealand 120Norway 122Peru 124Philippines 126Poland 128Portugal 130Qatar 132Romania 134Russia 136Saudi Arabia 138Singapore 140Slovak Republic 142Slovenia 144South Africa 146Spain 148Sweden 150Switzerland 152Taiwan, China 154Thailand 156Turkey 158UAE 160Ukraine 162United Kingdom 164USA 166Venezuela 168I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 93
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The IMD World CompetitivenessCenterFor thirty years, the IMD World Competitiveness Center has pioneered research on how countries and companies competeto lay the foundations for sustainable value creation. The competitiveness of nations is probably one of the most significantdevelopments in modern management and IMD is committed to leading the field. The World Competitiveness Centerconducts its mission in cooperation with a network of 56 Partner Institutes worldwide to provide the government, businessand academic communities with the following services: Competitiveness Special Reports Competitiveness Prognostic Reports Workshops/Mega Dives on competitiveness IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking IMD World Talent RankingThe IMD World Competitiveness Center team:At IMDProfessor Arturo BrisDirector of The IMD World Competitiveness CenterChristos CabolisChief Economist & Head of OperationsJosé Caballero Senior EconomistMaëlle Desard Marketing SpecialistMadeleine HedigerData Research and Online Services SpecialistCatherine JobinOrder and Sales AdministratorWilliam MilnerResearch Projects Associate ManagerMarco Pistis Research SpecialistMaryam Zargari Research SpecialistAt KAESCOJean-François KaeserConsultingWe also have the privilege of collaborating with a unique network of Partner Institutes, and other organizations, whichguarantees the relevance of the data gathered.Contact:Tel: 41 21/618 02 51E-mail : wccinfo@imd.orgInternet: www.imd.org/wccI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 95
Partner InstitutesWe would like to express our deep appreciation for the contribution of our Partner Institutes, enabling an extensivecoverage of competitiveness in their home countries. The following Institutes and people supplied data from nationalsources and helped distribute the survey questionnaires:ArgentinaResearch Program on Economic DevelopmentInstitutionsFaculty of Economic SciencesCatholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aireshttp://www.uca.edu.arandDr. Alicia Caballero, DeanDr. Marcelo F. Resico, Senior EconomistMr. Ignacio Ramaglio, Research AssistantCEDA – Committee for Economic Development of Australiawww.ceda.com.auJarrod Ball, Chief EconomistRoxanne Punton, Director, External AffairsAustraliaAustriaFederation of Austrian Industries, ViennaAustrian Institute of Economic Research, Viennahttp://www.iv-net.atDr. Christian Helmenstein, Chief EconomistMs. Helena ZwicklMr. Michael OliverBelgiumFEB - Federation of Enterprises in Belgium, Brusselswww.vbo-feb.beMs. Carole Dembour, EconomistBrazilFundação Dom Cabral, Innovation and s Arruda, Professor and Director FDC Innovation andEntrepreneurship CenterAna Burcharth, ProfessorDebora Rodrigues Dias, ResearcherBulgariaCenter for the Study of Democracy, Sofiawww.csd.bgMr. Ruslan Stefanov, Director, Economic ProgramMs. Daniela Mineva, Research Fellow, Economic ProgramMr. Martin Vladimirov, Analyst, Economic ProgramDr. Todor Galev, Senior Analyst, Economic ProgramCanadaInformation and Communications Technology Council(ICTC)www.ictc-ctic.caMs. Alexandra Cutean, Director Research & PolicyChileUniversidad de ChileFacultad de Economía y Negocios (FEN)www.fen.uchile.clDr. Enrique Manzur, Vice DeanDr. Sergio Olavarrieta, Associate ProfessorDr. Pedro Hidalgo, Associate ProfessorChinaChina Institute for Development Planning, TsinghuaUniversity6I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 9Prof. Yang Yongheng, Associate Dean of School of PublicPolicy & Management, Executive Associate Director ofChina Institute for Development PlanningProf. Wang Youqiang, Associate Director of China Institutefor Development PlanningDr. Gong Pu, Research Fellow
Mr. Wang Hongshuai, PhD CandidateMs. Zhang Ruijun, PhD CandidateMs. Song Wenjuan, PhD CandidateMs. Jiang Xueying, PhD CandidateMr. Wang Jiancheng, PhD CandidateColombiaNational Planning ult.aspxGloria Amparo Alonso Másmela, Director, NationalDepartment of PlanningJuan Sebastián Robledo Botero, Director, Innovation andPrivate Sector DevelopmentCroatiaNational Competitiveness Councilhttp://konkurentnost.hr/en/Ivica Mudrinic, PresidentJadranka Gable, AdvisorKresimir Jurlin,, PhD, ResearcherCyprusEconomics Research Centre, University of CyprusURL http://ucy.ac.cy/erc/en/Sofronis Clerides, Professor of EconomicsNicoletta Pashourtidou, Assistant DirectorSofia Andreou, Research OfficerCzech RepublicConsumer Forum (Spotřebitelské fórum)www.spotrebitelskeforum.czDr. Kryštof KrulišDenmarkConfederation of Danish lan Sørensen, Chief analystEstoniaEstonian Institute of Economic Research (EKI)www.ki.eeMs. Marje Josing, DirectorEnterprise Estonia (EAS)Mr. Tanel Rebane, Director of Trade Development AgencyFinlandETLA - The Research Institute of the Finnish Economywww.etla.fiVille Kaitila, ResearcherMarkku Lehmus, Head of ForecastingAki Kangasharju, Managing DirectorFranceBusiness France, Parishttp://en.businessfrance.fr/Ms. Sylvie Montout, EconomistGreeceFederation of Industries of Greece (SBE), ThessalonikiDr. Christos Georgiou, Director, Research andDocumentation DepartmentMr. Constantinos Styliaras, Economist, Research andDocumentation DepartmentFoundation for Economic and Industrial Research (FEIR/IOBE), AthensAggelos Tsakanikas, Assistant Professor National TechnicalUniversity of Athens - Head of Entepreneurship ObservatorySophia Stavraki, Research AssociateHong Kong SARHong Kong Trade Development Councilwww.hktdc.comMr. Billy Wong, Deputy Director of ResearchMs. Doris Fung, EconomistI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 97
HungaryICEG European Center, Budapesthttp://icegec.orgMs. Renata Anna Jaksa, DirectorDr. Oliver Kovacs, Senior Research FellowNational University of Public Service,Competitiveness and Fiscal Stability Research Group,Budapest - http://en.uni-nke.hu/Prof. Dr. Magdolna Csath, Research ProfessorIcelandIcelandic Chamber of Commerce, Reykjavikwww.chamber.isMr. Konrad S. Gudjonsson, Chief EconomistMr. Isak Einar Runarsson, Economic AnalystIndiaNational Productivity Council, New Delhiwww.npcindia.gov.inDr.K.P.Sunny, Director & Head (Economic Services)Mr.Rajesh Sund, Deputy Director (Economic Services)Dr.Rajat Sharma, Deputy Director (Economic Services)IndonesiaLembaga Management, Faculty of EconomicsBusiness, University of Indonesia, Jakartahttp://www.lmfeui.com/index.phpandNuPMK Consullting, Jakartahttp://nupmk.co.idDr. Toto Pranoto, Managing DirectorDr. Willem A. Makaliwe, Associate Director of Research &ConsultingBayuadi Wibowo, Group Head of Research ServicesArza Faldy Prameswara, ResearcherTaufiq Nur, ResearcherHelwa Salsabila, ResearcherMs. Tini Moeis, Managing Director,Mr. Firmantoko Soetopo, DirectorIrelandIDA Ireland, Investment and Development Agency, Dublinwww.idaireland.comKaren Law, Strategy & Planning ExecutiveIsraelThe Federation of Israeli Chambers of Commerce, Tel-Avivwww.chamber.org.ilIsraela Many – Deputy Managing Director of Economy andTaxItay Boyman – Executive EconomistItalyCONFINDUSTRIA, Economic Research Department, Romewww.confindustria.itDr. Andrea Montanino, Chief EconomistDr. Cristina Pensa, EconomistDr. Lorena Scaperrotta, EconomistJapanMitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., TokyoResearch Center for Policy and Economywww.mri.co.jpDr. Hirotsugu Sakai, Research DirectorJordanMinistry of planning and International Cooperationwww.mop.gov.joBasem Kanan, Head of Policies and Studies DirectorateGhada Issa, Head of Competitiveness DivisionKazakhstanEconomic Research Institute, JSC of the Ministry of NationalEconomy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultanwww.economy.kz8I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 9Yerlik Karazhan, Chairman of the Board;Shakharbanu Zhakupova, Deputy Chairman of the Board;Bakytgul Khambar, Director, Center for Strategic Researchand Sustainable Development;Bayan Abdrakhmanova, Deputy Director, Center forStrategic Research and Sustainable Development;Natalya Novokshanova, Leading Expert, Center for
Strategic Research and Sustainable Development;Karlygash Bolat, Leading Expert, Center for StrategicResearch and Sustainable Development;Nauryz Baizakov, Senior Expert, Center for StrategicResearch and Sustainable Development;Temirlan Otepov, Expert, Center for Strategic Researchand Sustainable Development.Korea Rep.Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)http://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/Dr. Heungchong Kim, Senior Research FellowMs. Nayoun Park, ResearcherLatviaUniversity of Latvia Centre for European and TransitionStudies, LU CETShttp://www.lu.lv/cetsMrs. Zane ZeiboteLithuaniaEnterprise Lithuaniawww.enterpriselithuania.comMs. Renata Nedzinskienė, Head of TeamLuxembourgChamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourgwww.cc.luMr. Marc Wagener, Member of the Managing BoardMr. Jean-Baptiste Nivet, EconomistMs. Laure Demezet, EconomistMalaysiaMalaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC), Petaling Jaya,Selangorwww.mpc.gov.myDato’ Mohd Razali Hussain, Director GeneralDato’ Abdul Latif Abu Seman, Deputy Director GeneralDatin Zainon Bakar, Director Productivity & CompetitivenessDevelopment DivisionMexicoCenter for Strategic Studies for Competitivenesswww.ceec.edu.mxM.C. Carlos Maroto CabreraM.S. Carlos Maroto EspinosaMongoliaEconomic Policy and Competitiveness Research Centerwww.ecrc.mnMr.Boldbaatar Tserenpuntsag, FounderMr.Tsagaan Puntsag, FounderMs.Lakshmi Boojoo, Director GeneralMs.Odonchimeg Ikhbayar, Deputy DirectorMr.Ganbat Chuluun, Research EconomistMs.Khulan Jamiyandorj, Research EconomistMr.Otgon-Erdene Khandaa, Research EconomistMs.Tungalag Erdenebat, Research EconomistMs.Yesunchuluu Khuderchuluu, Research EconomistMr.Zolbayar Enkhbaatar, Research EconomistNetherlandsConfederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers(VNO-NCW), The Haguewww.vno-ncw.nlMr. Thomas GrosfeldMr. Tim ZandbergenNew ZealandKerridge & Partners, Aucklandhttps://kerridgepartners.com/Mr Peter Kerridge, PartnerI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 99
PeruCENTRUM PUCPhttp://centrum.pucp.edu.peMr. Percy Marquina, General DirectorMrs. Beatrice Avolio, Head of the Graduate BusinessDepartmentMr. Luis Del Carpio, Center of Competitiveness DirectorMr. Victor Fajardo, Research AnalystPhilippinesAsian Institute of Management R.S. Navarro Policy Centerfor Competitivenesspolicy.aim.eduJamil Paolo Francisco, Executive DirectorTristan Canare, Associate DirectorChristopher Ed Caboverde, Research AssociatePolandWarsaw School of Economics, Warsawhttp://www.sgh.waw.pl/en/Dr. Bogdan A. Radomski, Associate Professor of FinanceDr. Marcin Nowakowski, Professor of International Businessand ProrectorPortugalPorto Business School, University of Porto, Portohttps://www.pbs.up.pt/Prof Álvaro AlmeidaProf Daniel BessaProf Ramon O’CallaghanDr. Rui CoutinhoQatarPlanning and Statistics AuthorityDepartment of Strategic Planningwww.psa.gov.qaDr. Issa Ju’ma Ibrahim, economic expertHissa Alassiry, project managerRomaniaCIT-IRECSON formation,Mr. Bogdan Ciocanel, PhD, DirectorMr. Dan Grigore, EconomistSaudi ArabiaNCC, National Competitiveness Centerhttps://tayseer.gov.sa/H.E. Dr. Eiman AlMutairi, CEO of National CompetitivenessCenterSalman M. AlTukhaifi, Director of Analytical DepartmentWaleed AlRudaian, Director of Execution DepartmentDeema Almudaheem, Senior Execution SpecialistSingaporeSingapore Business Federationwww.sbf.org.sg/Ms. Cheryl Kong, Assistant Executive DirectorEconomics Division, Ministry of Trade and Industry,Singaporewww.mti.gov.Slovak RepublicF.A.Hayek foundation, Bratislavahttp://www.hayek.sk/Martin Reguli, Project ManagerMatúš Pošvanc, DirectorSlovenia10Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljanahttp://www.ier.si/Mr. Peter Stanovnik, PhD, Associate ProfessorMs. Sonja Ursic, M.A.University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economicshttp://www.ef.uni-lj.si/enMs. Mateja Drnovsek, PhD, Full ProfessorMr. Ales Vahcic, PhD, Full ProfessorI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 9
South AfricaProductivity SAhttps://productivitysa.co.za/Mr Mothunye Mothiba, CEODr Leroi Raputsoane, Chief EconomistMs Juliet Sebolelo Mashabela, EconomistSpainSpanish Confederation of Employers, Madridwww.ceoe.esMs. Edita Pereira, Head of Economic Research UnitMs. Paloma Blanco, Economic Research UnitTaiwan, ChinaNational Development Council, Taipeihttp://www.ndc.gov.twMr. Cheng, Cheng-mount, Deputy MinisterMs. Wu, Ming Huei, Director of Economic DevelopmentDepartmentMs. Lee, Cho-Jin, Senior EconomistThailandThailand Management Association (TMA), Bangkokwww.tma.or.thMs. Wanweera Rachdawong, Chief Executive Officer, TMAMs. Pornkanok Wipusanawan, Director, TMA Center forCompetitivenessMr. Nussati Khaneekul, Senior Manager, TMA Center forCompetitivenessTurkeyTUSIAD, Turkish Industry and Business AssociationEconomic Research Departmentwww.tusiad.orgZümrüt İmamoğlu, Chief Economistİsmet Tosunoğlu, ExpertUnited Arab Emirates (UAE)Federal Competitiveness & Statistics Authority tional Management Institute (MIM-Kyiv)https://mim.kiev.ua/enDr. Iryna Tykhomyrova, PresidentDr. Volodymyr Danko, ProfessorMs. Oksana Kukuruza, External Relations DirectorVenezuelaNational Council to Investment Promotion (CONAPRI)www.conapri.orgMr. Juan Cabral, Executive DirectorMs. Litsay Guerrero A. Economic Affairs & Investor ServicesManagerMr. Luis Mariano Rodríguez, Legal Affairs ManagerI M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 911
User’s Guide to the IMD World DigitalCompetitiveness RankingOverall and Breakdown Digital RankingsThe IMD World Digital Competitiveness RankingThe IMD World Digital Competitiveness Rankingpresents the 2019 overall rankings for the 63 economiescovered by the WCY. The rankings are calculated on thebasis of the 51 ranked criteria: 31 Hard and 20 Surveydata. The countries are ranked from the most to the leastdigital competitive and the results from the previousyear’s scoreboard (2018) are shown in brackets. Theindex value or “score” is also indicated for each country.Selected breakdowns of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness RankingIn addition to global digital rankings, other rankingsare provided to show comparisons based on differentperspectives. These digital rankings include countriessplit by population size (populations above and below 20million), by GDP per capita to reflect different peer groups(above and below 20,000) and three regional rankingsdrawn from different geographical areas (Europe-MiddleEast-Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Americas).Populations greater than 20 million01020304050607091.297Canada 390.194Taiwan, China 488.897Australia 588.691United Kingdom 686.216Germany 784.292China 882.775Japan 982.522France 1082.390Malaysia 1178.743Spain 12Poland 13Russia 1469.036Saudi Arabia 1568.434Thailand 1667.903Italy 1764.952India 1860.865South Africa 1960.411Mexico 2059.793Turkey 2159.439Philippines 2258.011Indonesia 2357.346Brazil 2456.126Colombia 2556.044Argentina 2655.255Ukraine 2754.029Peru 2827.76312I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 9100Korea Rep. 290.83670.406The global rankings for each of the DigitalCompetitiveness Factors are then shown as individualranking tables. Again, the economies are ranked fromthe most to the least digital competitive and the previousyear’s rankings (2018) are shown in brackets. Similar tothe Overall Digital Ranking, the values or “scores” areindicated for each Factor. However, there is only oneeconomy that has a score of 100 and one economy witha score of 0 across all four Factors.90USA 173.707Digital Competitiveness Factor Rankings80100.000Venezuela 29KNOWLEDGEKnow-how necessary to discover, understand and build new 0.03359.9792030405060708090100(4) USA 1(6) Switzerland 2(1) Singapore 3(7) Sweden 4(3) Canada 5(8) Denmark 6(5) Hong Kong SAR 7(2) Israel 8(9) Finland 9(13) Austria 10(11) Korea Rep. 11(14) Germany 12(12) Netherlands 13(10) United Kingdom 14(15) Australia 15(16) Norway 16(19) Taiwan, China 17(30) China 18(17) Malaysia 19(20) France 20(21) New Zealand 21(24) Russia 22(25) Belgium 23(22) Ireland 24(18) Japan 25(23) Lithuania 26(26) Slovenia 27(31) Spain 28(28) Iceland 29(29) Estonia 30(27) Portugal 31(35) Kazakhstan 32(33) Poland 33(32) Luxembourg 34(36) UAE 35(34) Latvia 36(38) Czech Republic 37(46) India 38(40) Saudi Arabia 39(39) Ukraine 40(42) Italy 41
Overall Ranking and Digital Competitiveness 3924732482835134052126015163Future readiness2015 2016 2017 2018 6161616211119313312216059636363Future readinessIT integrationTechnologyBusiness riaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCroatiaCyprusCzech ng Kong apanJordanKazakhstanKorea aNetherlandsNew aniaRussiaSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTaiwan, ChinaThailandTurkeyUAEUkraineUnited KingdomUSAVenezuelaTechnology2015 2016 2017 2018 2022201820585759534957585659472727252928222
The World Competitiveness Center . conducts its mission in cooperation with a network of 56 Partner Institutes worldwide to provide the government, business and academic communities with the following services: Competitiveness Special Reports Competitiveness Prognostic Reports Workshops/Mega Dives on competitiveness
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For thirty years, the IMD World Competitiveness Center has pioneered research on how countries and companies compete . to lay the foundations for sustainable value creation. The competitiveness of nations is probably one of the most significant developments in modern management and IMD is committed to leading the field.
IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2022, Digital 2022, Talent 2022: summaries World Competitiveness Center. WORLD COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2022 All data are available from the World Competitiveness Online. Visit our eShop 1. Capital Land area (square km '000) 100 2021 Exchange Rate (per ) 1.144 2021
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societies. In this context, the World Economic Forum introduced last year the new Global Competitiveness Index 4.0, a much-needed new economic compass, building on 40 years of experience of benchmarking the drivers of long-term competitiveness. The index is an annual yardstick for policy-makers to look beyond short-term and reactionary measures
Competitiveness in context - Essay Competitiveness and disparities The analysis of the relationship between competitiveness and inequalities adds an additional level of complexity to the debate. The ambiguity in defining competitiveness in sections of the literature, for example, makes it difficult to shed light on the linkages. In the European .
Therefore, this paper is focusing on the analysis of competitiveness of state (territory), not business or market competitiveness. For analysing the factors of competitiveness this paper evaluates main sources of competitiveness according to M. Porter's Diamond Model, two the most important competitiveness researches -
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