Digital Fabrication: Joints
DIGITAL FABRICATION: JOINTSELEANOR MCKENNAGRANT SASOFELIPE LOPERAOMAYRA DIAZ
Traditional Woodworking Joints by Hayes Shanesy
JOINT FORMSBASIC PRINCIPALS: Encyclopedia of wood joints-Not developed for a particular functionNo evident of joint preference in constructionAdapted in response to change and demand
JOINT FORMS-Lap joints and mortise and tenon became more complex over time
JOINT FORMSJAPANESE JOINERY:-Use of Splicing
JOINT FORMSSOUTHERN EUROPE:-Angled Joints
JOINT FORMSHUMAN HANDJoints were tested-claspinggraspinginterlocking-Evolution of joints through Tools
JOINT FORMSCHARACTERISTICS-Strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc.Derive from the properties of the joining materialsHow they are used
JOINT FORMS: SPLICINGTable Splayed JointDovetail JointsGerber JointWedge Locking JointGooseneck Joint
JOINT FORMS: COUNTERMortise and Tenon JointBlind Corner LapBridle JointBox/ Finger JointTongue Joint
JOINT FORMS: EDGE TO EDGERabbeted & GroovedLap JointSpline InsertTongue and Dado JointButterfly Key
JOINT FORMS: TRADITIONAL vs DIGITAL
JOINT FORMS: DIGITALJochen Gros’s 50 Digital Wood Joints project
Jochen Gros’s 50 Digital Wood Joints project
Jochen Gros’s 50 Digital Wood Joints project
Jochen Gros’s 50 Digital Wood Joints project
JOINT LOGIC: DIGITALJochen Gros’s 50 Digital Wood Joints project
CNC MILLBASICS-Allows for perfect joints to be fashioned in substantially less timeSomewhat difficult to master, but provides endless opportunitiesRequires whole new skill set and way of thinkingIdeas must be translatable to a computer program
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CNC MILLCONSIDERATIONS-Setting up your Rhino File3-axis CNC Router (does not under cut)Size of BitInside Corner ProblemTolerances
CONNECTIONS
Two and Three Piece Linear ConnectionsBroken down into several categories depending on the angleand orientation of the two piecesFurther broken down by connection appearance desiredLap, Mortise and Tenon, Scarf, etc.
Cogged LapProvides additional strength, but the pieces do not lieflushCan be applied as sheet to sheet, frame to frame, orsheet to frame
Crossed LapRequires half of the material which limits the strengthPieces lie flush, allowing wider array of useCan be applied as frame to frame or sheet to sheet
Mortise and TenonProvides additional strength, but the pieces do not lie flushCan be applied as sheet to sheet, frame to frame, or sheet to frame
Stub Tenon LapIn addtition to the strengths of a lap joint, the stub tenonprovides further resistance to tensile forcesCan only be applied in frame to frame connections
Gooseneck LapRequires much more length of material to make than theStub TenonUsed for its strong tensile force resistance paired with itsasthetic appealCan only be applied in frame to frame connections
Oblique ScarfRequires most material but offers the highest strength dueto the addition of a third memberCan be applied in frame to frame or frame to sheetconnections
Notched LapCan include many different variations, but providesfor connections other than 90 degrees.Can be applied in frame to frame or frame to sheetconnections
Effects of CNC on DesignFocus can be moved from the boundaries of individual pieces to where and how the pieces meetConnection points become more important as the work becomes more about a system of parts than anoverall formSpecial attention must be directed towards the juxtapostion of perfection provided by the CNC machineand the inherent imperfections of materials
Two and Three Piece Planar Connections
DovetailLocks together fairly securelyeven without adhesivesEasily scaled to any size joint
FingerAnother easily-scaled jointNot as secure as dovetailMuch simpler than dovetail
Mortise and TenonOften mixed with finger jointSecure in all directions exceptthe direction of insertion
SlottedCan not create a butt-jointGood for joints in the middle ofmembersNot as strong against certainforces
KeysCan be used to join two boardsin the same plane without losingany lengthNot as strongCan be made to be veryasthetically interestingCan be mobile
BiscuitsLike keys, but hiddenCan be used on any length ofjointNo loss of useable length ofmaterial
CombinationsCan take advantage of thestrengths of multiple types of joint
Combining Planar and Linear
Finished ExamplesTorus Knot TableDovetail joint detail is used to create a continuous curvilinear member
Finger Joint - ChairFinger joints clasp the next member, creating a strong connection while changing axis.
Kundera Chair - Paulo Neves & Alexandre KumagaiThe seat back provides the structure, holding the chair together by tenon joints
?Upright FurnitureLinear members are joined using ahalved dovetail corner joint, creating aU shape.The sides are then pushed in usingtongue joints on the sides of the linear
Self-supporting FrameworkAll the materials have the same profile, but each member is uniquely cut to supportthe abstarct structure.
?C.Stool - Jochen GrosMade to clearly show the work done by the CNC as part ofthe aesthetic design.e C.Stool by Jochen Gros is one of the first pieBy exposingthe FingerTenons,theatprocesss of furnituredevelopedat theC Labthe of milling andjoinery is made transparentchschule für Gestaltung. The C.Stool is based on.Stoole “Ulm Stool”, which was designed in the earlys by the Swiss architect and sculptor Max Bill fore Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm. Jochen Gros re-signed this design classic with the intention ofarly showing the effects of the CNC-productionhnology on the “Ulm Stool”. The influence of theoduction technology on furniture design is illu-ated by the CNC-compatible wood joints as wellby the possibility of engraving various motivesthe stool surfaces.
?#p1Clip ShelfCrossbars are clipped onto the sides using a Clip Tenon Joint.Clip-ShelfThe shelvesareClip-Shelf,mortises insides by aremeansof FingerTenons.For thethethecrossbarssimplyclippedin the sides and the shelf is already assembled.This is made possible by the use of the Clip TenonJoint. Because of the heavy demands on the material of this joint, the Clip-Shelf should be made outof multiplex plywood. The shelves are mortises inthe sides by means of Finger Tenons, but theycould also be put on drilled in shelf bearers.
?Meander ShelfDesigned as a simpled shelf that would slot together withoutrequiring tools, and still have the least amount of trim waste aspossible.The two shelf bearers are shaped in such a way that they canboth be produced from the same board by using Slotting GirderJoints as the interlocking shape.
Chest of DrawersTop shelf and sides are joined by Lapped FingerTenon Joints, while the bottom shelf is mortisedthrough the sides by Finger Tenons.
Simplizissimus-TableDesigned to be as a simple construction process,all the elements are machined together from thebeginning.The resulting pieces can be put together with notools using Simple Sotting Joints and Finger Tenons.
Joint ChairSebastien Wierwinck Plywood Chair
Frame-ShelfThe wood sides and shelves are bound inplace by the linear frame.The frame members are held by Jigsaw MitreJoints left exposed for decoration.
Side-TableWooden members form an infinite frame joined at the corners by Mitre Joints with a Dovetail Key.The shelves are added to the frame by Lapped Dovetail Tenons creating a pattern throughout the table edges
Zoom-TableDesigned to maintain a constant proportion between its length, width, and height; making the number of Lapped FingerTenons remain the same no matter the size of the table.The table joints on the side help prevent deflection of the tabletop when loaded.
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trim waste as possible. The two vertical shelf bearers merge in such a way, that they can be cut out of one board in one go. ?p 1 # Meander Shelf Designed as a simpled shelf that would slot together without requiring tools, and still have the least amount of trim waste as possible. The two shelf bearers are shaped in such a way that they can
The joints samples were composed of a mortise piece (stile) and tenon piece (rail). The first set of joints contained 10 joints made of natural ash wood, while the second set of joints contained 10 joints made of thermo-treated ash wood. The shape and dimensions of the test specimens of joints is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2.
Within this lesson you will develop your knowledge and understanding of: –The three classifications of joints –The six types of synovial joints –The types of body movements . Types of Joints Immovable or fixed joints (Fibrous) These joints are held together by tough
The Skeletal System: Joints Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints o Hold bones together securely o Gives the rigid skeleton mobility Ways joints are classified o Functionally o Structurally Functional Classification of Joints Focuses on the amount of movement allowed
Synovial jointsSynovial joints Those joints in which the articulatingThose joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavityjoint cavity All are freely movable diarthroses ElExamples – allli bjit d tjitll limb joints, and most joints of
Carpal, Metacarpal bones and Phalanges - articulations HAND BONES (see Metacarpals disarticulated) HAND JOINTS intercarpal joints IC joints Carpometacarpal, intercarpal joints C-MC, IC joints HANGING joint (see Atlanto-Axial median joint) also see the Back HEAD/SPINE JOINTS (see Craniovertebral
This is the sixth edition of IAPMO PS 51, Expansion Joints and Flexible Expansion Joints for DWV Piping Systems. This Standard supersedes IAPMO PS 51‐2016, Expansion Joints and Flexible Expansion Joints . additional input from stakeholders from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public at large. Upon . S. Peters Plumbing .
UNIVERSAL JOINTS. STAINLESS STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS. A line of joints designed according to military specifications for . dimensions, strength and other features like plating and boot covers. Belden's mil-spec joints meet or exceed MIL-DTL-6193 specifications. Belden carries QPL approved mil-spec joints.
accommodate joint movement. Movement joints typically include contraction joints, expansion joints, and isolation joints. The following profiles are suitable for movement joints: Ribbed with Centerbulb shapes are the most versatile and best sealing type of waterstops available. The centerbulb accommodates lateral, transverse, and shear movement.
