CHAPTER 5 ROADS/STREET DESIGN STANDARDS 3-5-100 Purpose
CHAPTER 5ROADS/STREET DESIGN STANDARDS3-5-100 Purpose - The purpose of these Standards is to set forth the requirements fordevelopments and improvements that affect roadways, alleys, and accesseasements. The Standards are based on the State Statutes, and County Resolutionswhich authorize and enable the establishment of rules and regulations to guide andcontrol transportation-related improvements and developments.3-5-101 Waivers - If an applicant wishes to seek a waiver from the requirements ofthese Standards, the applicant shall submit a request to that effect as an attachmentor addendum to the permit, site plan, or other application for project approval. Whenimplementation of such innovations would violate mandatory provisions of theseStandards, applicants shall visit the appropriate County officials to discuss theproposed waivers prior to formal submittal of applications.The request for waiver shall state specific reasons why a waiver is necessary andappropriate and include documentation to support such reasons. The request shalladdress the waiver criteria of this section. Waivers will not be issued for proceduralrequirements. Separate waiver requests may be advisable where several waiversare necessary and where the waivers may be approved in whole or in part.In considering a waiver request, the County shall determine whether the waiver wouldmeet acceptable standards of practice for engineering, operation and safety.Waivers contrary to the public interest, or which violate local or state laws, shall notbe approved.When a waiver is approved, the County shall clearly state in writing the reasons forgranting the waiver. The approval document shall be included in the permit. Theapproval may impose conditions on the permit. For example, the permittee may berequired to improve, modify, eliminate, or correct the condition giving rise to thewaiver when it becomes evident that the reason for the waiver no longer exists. If thewaiver is approved and the remainder of the application is in order, and the designmeets all other standards and design criteria, the requested action shall be approved.If a waiver is granted to allow direct access where the access proposal cannot meetaccess code standards, or when the property would be without reasonable accesswithout the waiver, the access permit may contain specific terms and conditionsproviding for its expiration at such time as the necessity for the waiver no longerexists.186Adopted February 15, 2011
If the waiver request is denied, the County shall state clearly in writing the reasons fordenial, continue to process the application, and may approve the application if it canbe approved without a waiver.3-5-102 Innovation, New Technology and Non-Typical DesignThese Standards are based on current practice and technology. New developmentsin materials and methods will provide better and more economical designs andpractices. Applicants and designers are encouraged to include innovativeprocedures, new materials, and improved design methods in facility design.Proposals for innovations and new technology should be submitted as requests forwaivers. Requests should include as much documentation as possible of theproposed innovations, including reports of tests, documentation of successful use inother jurisdictions, calculations, publications, and any other information that will assistthe official to determine if the proposal should be adopted.187Adopted February 15, 2011
3-5-103 Roadway Functional ClassificationFunctional classification, developed for transportation planning purposes, is thegrouping of streets by the character of service they provide. Functionalclassification has emerged as the primary method of grouping streets. TheseStandards utilize a functional classification system.A working copy of the current functional classification map isavailable at the County Planning and Development Office. The functionalclassifications used are described in the remainder of this section. There areclassification differences between urban and rural roads as shown in the tablebelow.Urban and Rural Roadway ClassificationsUrbanRuralTypical ADTPrincipal Arterial Expressway/FreewayPrincipal Arterial –InterstateE/FPrincipal Arterial-Other15,000 Principal Arterial-Other15,000 Minor ArterialMinor Arterial7,000 – 15,000CollectorCollector-Major3,5000 – 7,000Collector-Minor1,000 – 3,5000Local1,000Local188Adopted February 15, 2011
In the following discussions of each of the road classifications, the average dailytraffic (ADT) for each classification is a general description only. The officialclassifications for individual streets are provided on the functional classification map.a. Principal Arterial Interstates, Freeways & ExpresswaysArterials, including interstates, are the highest classification of streets.They provide the highest level of mobility at the highest speeds for thelongest distances. Direct access onto these roads are limited to varyingdegrees depending on use and geographic setting. The freeways andexpressways in the area are on the Interstate System. Freeways providefor the high-speed movement of large volumes of traffic with a minimum ofinterference. This is accomplished through the use of access control,divided roadways, and grade-separated interchanges. Freeways have theinherent characteristic of lower accident rates because of many built-insafety features such as comfortable alignment, easy grades, speedchange lanes, adequate sight distance, and other geometric features thatafford a continuous movement of traffic.Expressways are generally considered an intermediate step betweenmajor arterial streets and freeway facilities. Expressways can beexpected to accommodate somewhat lower volumes of traffic than arefound on freeways, and are often used in corridors where anticipatedvolumes of traffic will need less than freeway requirements but more thanconventional arterial facilities.b. Principal ArterialsThese facilities emphasize the through movement of traffic and haveimproved geometric design and traffic control measures. Principalarterials are designed with traffic volume ranges between 15,000 and35,000 vehicles average daily traffic (ADT).c. Minor Arterial StreetsThese streets serve major traffic generators and link collector streets withthe principal arterials. These streets have a design traffic volume ofbetween 7,000 and 15,000 vehicles ADT.189Adopted February 15, 2011
d. Major CollectorsCollectors provide a lower level of mobility than arterials at lower speedsand are of shorter distance. These streets connect local roads to arterialsand have more direct access dependent on use and geographic setting.The design volume for these streets, ranges from 3,500to 7,500 ADT.e. Minor CollectorThe collector street system serves intermediate and short-distance travel.Traffic volumes on such facilities are usually lower than those found onarterial facilities. Although collectors provide access to residential,business, and commercial areas, they do not expedite the throughmovement of traffic. The design volume of these streets ranges from1,000 to 3,500 ADT.f. Local StreetsThis is the lowest classification of streets. Local streets provide a highlevel of access to abutting land but limited mobility. Local streets functionprimarily to serve local traffic circulation and land access. These streetscustomarily accommodate shorter trips, have lower traffic volumes, andlower speeds than do collectors and arterials. Streets where trafficvolumes will be between 500 and 2,500 vehicles per day are considered“low volume” local streets. In urban settings, narrow local streets (lanes)may be used where the volume will be less than 1,000 ADT. In ruralsettings, local streets (roads) are classified as either a) 500 ADT or greater,or b) less than 500 ADT.For purposes of these Standards, local streets are further classified byadjacent land use for establishment of design criteria.3-5-104 Official MapsRoads and Highways accepted and, maintained by the County are shown on theofficial County Road Map.190Adopted February 15, 2011
3-5-105 Traffic StudiesTraffic studies are required to assess the potential impacts of a new development,change in land use, or an access modification will have on the existing and proposedtransportation system, both at the immediate location and in the general area. Atraffic impact analyses includes:xThe determination of the travel demand generated by a proposeddevelopment.xThe identification of deficiencies in the existing and proposedtransportation systems.xThe identification of improvements necessary to maintain acceptablelevels of service.a. RequirementsA traffic study may be required for any site plan, subdivision permit, or accessrequest for any development and shall be required for any project or developmentthat will generate 100 or more trips during any hour or over 200 trips per day. Trafficstudies shall be prepared by a qualified civil engineer licensed by the Wyoming StateBoard of Registration for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyorsto practice engineering in Wyoming. The applicant and the engineer shall meet withthe County prior to preparation of the traffic study to discuss specific issues orconcerns. The Director of Planning and Development may waive a traffic studybased on estimated ADT, and peak hour trips, or existing road or site conditions,including adequate pedestrian access.b. StandardsTraffic studies shall utilize the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) tripgeneration rates unless better information is available.Traffic studies shall address the following items in sufficient detail to adequately andaccurately represent the traffic conditions and resultant impact of the proposedaccess request:i. Land Use, Site and Study Area Boundaries.ii. Existing and Proposed Site Uses.191Adopted February 15, 2011
iii. Existing and Proposed Uses adjacent to the Site.iv. Existing and Proposed Streets and Intersections.v. Trip Generation for peak hours .vi. Trip Assignment, Modal splits.vii. Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes (Peak & Design Hour).viii. Equivalent Axle Loads for pavement design.ix. Capacity Analysis at major approaches and intersections.x. Warrants for traffic control devices.xi. Needed modifications of existing traffic control devices.xii. Reservoir space.xiii. Driveway design.xiv. Required lengths of left-turn bays, and speed change lanes.xv. Sight distances.xvi. Maximum possible use for total build out scenario.xvii. Existing and proposed pedestrian and bicycle amenities.xviii. Conclusions and Recommendations.c. Responsibilities for Traffic StudiesTraffic studies may be required by the County in order to adequately assess theimpacts of a development proposal on the existing and/or planned street system.The primary responsibility for assessing the traffic impacts associated with aproposed development will rest with the developer.Unless waived by the County, a written study meeting County criteria shall berequired for a development proposal when trip generation is expected to exceed 100Vehicles as determined by the County.The following submittals may require traffic studies:i. A Subdivision Permit.ii. A Site Plan.Where access points are not defined or a site plan is not available at the time thetraffic study is prepared, additional traffic work may be required when a site planbecomes available or the access points defined.During the pre-application meeting the County and applicant will discuss the scopeof the traffic study.192Adopted February 15, 2011
d. Traffic Study FormatIn order to provide consistency and to facilitate staff review of traffic studies, thefollowing format must be followed in the preparation of such studies bytransportation consultants.i. Introduction. The introduction portion of the report must contain thefollowing:A. Land Uses, Site and Study Area BoundariesA brief description of the size of the land parcel, general terrain features,the location within the jurisdiction and the region must be included in thissection. In addition, the roadways that afford access to the site, areincluded in the study area, must be identified.The exact limits of the study area should be based on engineeringjudgment and an understanding of existing traffic conditions surroundingthe site, but in no case shall the study area be less than ½ mile from thesite limits. In all instances, however, the study area limits must bemutually agreed upon by the developer and the County. A vicinity mapthat shows the site and the surrounding transportation systems,including pedestrian and bicycle routes, must be included.B. Existing and Proposed Site UsesThe existing and proposed uses of the site must be identified. The trafficstudy will address impacts of the most intense land use allowed on theproperty under County regulations.C. Existing and Proposed Uses in Vicinity of SiteA complete description (including a map) of the existing land uses in thestudy area as well as their current zoning and use, must be included. Inaddition, all vacant land within the study area and its assumed futureuses must be identified. This letter item is especially important wherelarge tracts of undeveloped land are in the vicinity of the site, and withinthe prescribed study area.193Adopted February 15, 2011
D. Existing and Proposed Pedestrian and Bicycle AmenitiesThe applicant shall identify existing residential developments, schools,commercial areas, transit routes and stops, greenways, parks, houses ofworship, or other similar amenities within one quarter mile of theproposed development. Existing pedestrian and bicycle routes to theseamenities shall be identified. The applicant shall provide plans toprovide pedestrian access within and adjacent to residential andcommercial development and redevelopment in the zoned area ofLaramie County.E. Existing and Proposed Roadways and IntersectionsWithin the study area, the applicant must describe and provide volumesfor existing roadways and intersections including geometrics and trafficsignal control as well as improvements contemplated by governmentagencies. This would include the nature of the improvement project, itsextent, implementation schedule, and the agency or funding sourceresponsible. A map must be provided showing the location of suchfacilities.ii. Trip Generation and Design Hours Volumes. A summary table listingeach type of land use, the size involved, the average trip generation ratesused ( total daily traffic and a.m./p.m. peaks), and the resultant total tripsgenerated must be provided.Trip generation must be calculated for the most intense land uses allowedunder County regulations for the proposed zoning and/or land use. basedon the latest data contained within the Institute of TransportationEngineers’ (ITE) Trip Generation Manual; in the event that data is notavailable for the proposed land use, the County must approve estimatedrates prior to acceptance.The calculation of design hour volumes uses to determine study areaimpacts must be based on:A. Peak hours trip generation rates as published in the ITE Trip GenerationSummary.B. Traffic volume counts for similar existing uses, if no published rates areavailable.194Adopted February 15, 2011
C. Additional sources from other jurisdictions if acceptable to the County.Uses of the following percentage rates to account for passerby traffic maybe considered upon approval of the County. Internal trip reductions andmodal split assumptions will require analytical support to demonstrate howthe figures were derived and will require approval by the County.Passerby factors may be used to reduce the estimated additional total dailytraffic to street(s) serving a proposed development. They are not to beapplied directly to reduce trip generation and turning movement volumesat driveways serving the proposed development. Passerby factors are tobe determined using ITE Trip Generation.iii. Trip DistributionThe estimates of percentage distribution of trips from the proposeddevelopment to destinations in the region must be clearly stated in thereport using the north, south, east, west compass points. Market studiesand information concerning origin of trip attractions to the proposeddevelopment may be used to support these assumptions where available.A map showing the percentage of site traffic on each street must beprovided as part of the traffic study graphic material.iv. Trip AssignmentThe direction of approach of site generated traffic via the area’s streetsystem will be presented in this section. The technical analysis steps,basic methods, and assumptions used in this work must be clearly statedand agreed to by the County. The assumed trip distribution andassignment must represent the most logically traveled routes for driversaccessing the proposed development. These routes can be determined byobservation of travel patterns to existing land uses in the study.v. Existing and Project Traffic VolumesGraphics must be provided which show the following traffic impacts forprivate access points, intersections and streets specified in the traffic study.A. A.M. peak hours site traffic (in and out) including turning movements.B. P.M. peak hours site traffic (in and out) including turning movements.195Adopted February 15, 2011
C. A.M. peak hours total traffic including site generated traffic (in and out).These volumes must include through and turning movement volume forcurrent conditions and a separate set of numbers that also include 20year projections or build out.D. P.M. peak hours traffic total including site generated traffic (in and out).These volumes must include through and turning movement volumes forcurrent conditions and a separate set of numbers that also include 20year projections or build out (whichever is specified by the County).E. Any other peak hour which may be critical to site traffic and the streetsystem in the study area should be included in the graphics and show thesame information as is provided for the A.M./P.M. peak hours.F. Actual counts of existing total daily traffic for the street system in thestudy area at the time the study is being prepared.G. Projected total daily traffic for the street system in the study area basedon traffic from the proposed development and counts of existing dailytraffic obtained in item f. The component of the existing daily trafficattributable to the existing uses must be identified and the increase intotal daily traffic from the proposed uses.H. Projected total daily traffic for the system in the study area based ontraffic from the proposed development, counts of existing daily trafficobtained in item f. above, and traffic projections based on build out ofland use within the study area.All raw traffic count data (including average daily volumes and peak hourturning movements) and analysis worksheets must be provided in theappendices of the report. Computer techniques, and the associatedprintouts, may be used as part of the report.All total daily traffic counts should be actual machine where available.They may be based on factored peak hour sampling or the latest availablemachine counts from Wyoming Department of Highways, the County, andother agencies may be acceptable.vi. Level of Services. Level of service “C” will be the design objective for allmovements and under no circumstances will less than level of service “D”196Adopted February 15, 2011
be accepted for site and non-site traffic including existing traffic at buildoutof the study area. The design year will be approximately 20years followingconstruction and include volumes generated by build-out of the study areaor a 20 year projections in background traffic (Whichever is specified by theCounty).vii. Capacity AnalysisA capacity analysis will be conducted for all public street intersectionswithin the areas of the County impacted by the proposed development andfor all private property access points to streets adjacent to the proposeddevelopment as specified in the traffic study requirements form and withinthe limits of the previously defined study area. The a.m., p.m., and anyother possible peak period will be tested to determine which peak hoursneed to be analyzed. Capacity calculations should also include an analysisfor 20th year projections or study area buildout conditions.viii. Traffic SignalsThe need for new traffic signals will be based on warrants contained in theManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and any additional warrantsestablished by the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.In determining the location of a new signal, traffic progression is ofparamount importance. Generally a spacing of one-half miles for allsignalized intersections should be maintained. This spacing is usuallydesired to achieve good speed, capacity, and optimum signal progression.Pedestrian movements must be considered in the evaluation andadequate pedestrian clearance provided in the signal cycle splitassumptions.ix. Traffic AccidentsTraffic accident data for affected street corridors may be required for thestudy. The study period will normally be three years. Such locations willbe specified by the County. Where this is necessary estimates ofincreased or decreased accident potential must be evaluated for thedevelopment, particularly if the proposed development might impactexisting traffic safety problems in the study area, and safety improvementrecommended where necessary.197Adopted February 15, 2011
x. Noise AttenuationIf a residential development is planned adjacent to a freeway or arterialroadway, the need for noise attenuation measures may be required as partof the impact analysis.xi. ConclusionsThis chapter of the study report must be a clear, concise description of thestudy findings. It is anticipated that this conclusion chapter will serve as anexecutive summary.xii. RecommendationsIn the event that analysis indicates unsatisfactory levels of service onstudy area roadway, a description of proposed improvements to remedydeficiencies must be included. These proposals would include projects bythe County or the State Highway Department for which funds have beenappropriated and obligated. The assumptions regarding all future roadsand laneages in an analysis will require approval from the County. Ingeneral, the recommendation section should include:A. Proposed Recommended Improvements. This section must describethe location, nature, and extent of proposed improvements to assuresufficient capacity. A sketch of each improvement should be providedshowing the length, width and other pertinent geometric features of theproposed improvements.B. Volume/Capacity Analysis at Critical Points. Another iteration of thevolume/capacity analysis must be described, which demonstrates theanticipated level of service as a result of making these improvements.C. Traffic Volume Proportions. Percentages based on the traffic impactanalysis may be required by the County to determine the proportion oftraffic using various public improvements (both existing and proposed)from several developments within the study area.e. Revisions to Traffic StudyRevisions to the traffic study must be provided as required by the County.198Adopted February 15, 2011
3-5-106 AccessAccess control regulations standardize, regulate, and control the location, size, type,construction, maintenance, and number of curb cuts, and driveway approaches. Theregulations provide safe and efficient access between streets and adjacent property,safety of traffic in the streets, and safety of pedestrians on sidewalks and alongsiderural roads. These Standards are intended to provide for consistency in design ofnew developments and to maintain a high level of service on roads and streets.3-5-107 PermitsNo person shall commence work on the construction, alteration, repair or removal ofany driveway approach or the paving of any parking strip on any street, road, alley orother public place in the county without an official permit first having been obtainedfrom Laramie County. The County shall issue permits upon approval of theapplication and payment by the applicant of all required fees.A permit shall not be issued for access to parking or loading areas that requirebacking maneuvers in a public street right-of-way. Residential uses may be exemptfrom this provision.a. Application.To apply for a permit, the applicant shall file a written application with the County.The following information is required for a complete application:i. A detailed plan showing the exact location of the abutting property and theexact dimensions and location of existing or proposed approaches and therelevant features adjacent to, across from, and within the limit of thefrontage of such property; for example, fire hydrants, signs, sidewalks, poles,street light standards, and control boxes.The plan shall also show locations of access approaches on adjacentproperties and properties on opposite sides of streets and intersections.ii. The location of buildings, loading platforms, or off street parking facilitiesbeing served or to be served by such approaches.199Adopted February 15, 2011
iii. Existing and proposed traffic volumes for access points and adjacentaccess points and adjacent streets.The County may require additional information when it is determined that suchinformation is necessary to properly enforce the provisions of these regulations.When access points are being revised as part of a project requiring approval of siteplans, applications for the site plan and the access permit shall be submitted together.Access onto state highways will be subject to the approval of both the WyomingDepartment of Transportation and the County.b. Access Requirements for all Functional Classificationsi. Driveway Approach Profiles. Profiles shall be designed to permitentrance and exit maneuvers at safe speeds and provide sufficientunderbody clearance for typical passenger cars. Driveway approachprofiles shall be designed with the fewest and least severe grade changespossible. Slope criteria of the Americans with Disabilities Act shall beincorporated in the design.ii. Roadside Topography for Roads in Rural Areas. Access approaches inrural areas shall be designed in accordance with low volume criteria.iii. Driveway Approach Construction.A. Approaches in the County will be inspected prior to construction. Theinspection will determine the proper size of the culvert, if applicable, andthe approach grade.B. Culverts shall have flared end sections at each end.C. Any person performing work subject to the provisions of this section shallnotify the County at least twenty-four hours in advance of the time whenpermitted work is to begin.D. Access points shall not be constructed in such manner as to create a200Adopted February 15, 2011
hazard to any existing street lighting standard, utility pole, trafficregulation device or fire hydrant. The cost of relocating any such streetstructure, when necessary, shall be borne by the applicant. Relocation ofany street structure shall be performed only by or through the personholding authority for the particular structure involved.E. The driveway approach improvement shall extend at least 20 feet fromthe edge of the existing road or to the right of way line, whichever isgreater. In the case of commercial and industrial driveway approaches,permanent pavement is required for at least 50 feet from the edge of theroadway pavement.F. On County Roads, the distance from the right-of-way line to the nearedge of service pumps, vendor stands, tanks, or private water hydrantsshall meet the required set back distance but in no case should be lessthan 25 feet to permit free movement of large vehicles and to insure thatthey are entirely off the right-of-way when being serviced.G. Fixed obstructions shall not be placed within county road right of wayexcept for approved utility lines and markers, mailbox assemblies orfencing at the right-of-way line. Approach culvert headwalls areprohibited.H. A driveway approach that will handle five hundred (500) or more vehicletrips per day shall be classified and constructed as a street intersection.A complete design of the intersection shall be submitted to the Countybefore a permit is issued.I. Driveway approach surfaces shall be paved. Exception: If the adjacentroad is not paved, the driveway approach may consist of a minimum ofsix inches of crushed gravel of a gradation approved for road surfaces inlieu of paving.J. Except as otherwise indicated, curb cuts and driveway approach apronsin the right of way shall be constructed of Portland cement concrete of aquality and type which is in accordance with the "Wyoming Public WorksStandard Specifications" in effect at the time of such work. Curb cutsshall be permitted only with construction of adjoining Portland cementconcrete aprons having a minimum depth of six inches.201Adopted February 15, 2011
K. Site development construction on rural roads shall not proceed prior toconstruction of the driveway approach.L. The permittee or contractor shall maintain the driveway approachconstruction site in a safe manner, provide adequate barricades andlights at his own expense to protect the safety of the public using theadjacent streets or sidewalks, remove all debris, dirt, or otherconstruction material immediately upon completion of work and shall holdthe County harmless and indemnify the County from any damagesincurred by permittee’s operations. Such work shall be accomplished inconformance with the current editions of the "Manual on Uniform TrafficControl Devices" for Streets and Highways.M. The permittee shall do all work and pay all costs in connection with theconstruction of access driveway approaches and their appurtenances onthe right-of-way. This cost shall include the cost of any public property,including the roadway surface, damaged during construction.N. Access points shall not be located so as to create a hazard topedestrian
improved geometric design and traffic control measures. Principal arterials are designed with traffic volume ranges between 15,000 and 35,000 vehicles average daily traffic (ADT). c. Minor Arterial Streets These streets serve major traffic generators and link collector streets with the principal arterials. These streets have a design traffic .
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Roads in Malaysia are classified into two broad categories, namely Federal Roads and State Roads. 2.1 Federal Roads Federal roads are all roads declared under the Federal Roads Ordinace (1959) and the major interurban roads joining the state capitals and roads leading to points of entry to and exit from the country.
Part One: Heir of Ash Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 .
1 DESIGN STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL ROADS 1.1 Design Standards 1.1.0 Industrial Estate Roads have been categorised as follows: i. Major Industrial Roads (Major IR) ii. Minor Industrial Roads (Minor IR) In general only culs-de-sac of less than 200m in length should be considered as Minor Industrial Roads with all others being Major Industrial Roads.
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Contents Dedication Epigraph Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Part Two Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
DEDICATION PART ONE Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 PART TWO Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 .
Gravel Roads: Maintenance and Design Manual (Skorseth et al., 2015) – Best Practices for the Design and Construction of Low Volume Roads (Skok et al., 2003) – Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low - Volume Local Roads (AASHTO, 2001) – Low-Volume Roads Engineering: Best Management Practices Field Guide (Keller and Sherar, 2003)
The site is located within the Old Town Small Area Plan and is bounded by Duke Street to the north, Wolfe Street to the south, South Patrick Street to the west and South Alfred . Patrick Street/King Street 4. S. Alfred Street/King St. 5. S. Washington Street/King Street 6. S. Henry Street/Prince Street 7. S. Alfred Street/Prince Street 8. S .
