Save The Children's Child Protection Strategy
Save the Children’sChild Protection Strategy2013-2015Making the world a safe place for childrenChild Protection InitiativeMay 2013
SAVE THE CHIL DR EN’ S CHI LD PROT ECTI ON STRAT EG Y 2013-2015ContentsPAGE NOOpening message1.Executive summary and introduction2.The magnitude of the problem, trends, progress and challenges3.Save the Children’s child protection priority areas348123.1Children without appropriate care123.2.Child protection in emergencies153.3Physical and humiliating punishment3.4.Children and Work4.Child Protection Breakthrough5.Approaches5.1Theory of Change5.2Systems approach1719202223256.Advocacy objectives to be achieved by 20157.Measuring impact8.Fundraising289.The role of the Child Protection Initiative292627Annex 1: Key Child Protection definitions31Annex 2: Save the Children’s Overall Global Strategy 2010-201532Annex 3: Child Protection Breakthrough Results Framework33Annex 4: Key components of the Theory of Change34Annex 5: References35Notes36Cover images:Top left: Brent StirtonTop right: Michael BisceglieBottom left: Aubrey WadeBottom right: Michael BisceglieContents page: Joanne Offer, Save the Children.
S A VE TH E CHILDRE N’ S CHI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RA TEGY 2 01 3- 20 15Opening messageSave the Children makes adifference to millions of children’slives around the world through itschild protection work. We believethat all children have the right tobe protected from abuse, neglect,violence and exploitation so thatthey can survive, learn, participate,play and develop.We have a very ambitious goal:By 2015, we aim to have improvedthe lives of 21 million childrenthrough preventive and remedialchild protection measures and tohave invested US 250 million tosupport child protectionprogrammes. In 2012, we reachedover 23 million children and30.7 million adults, and Save theChildren members invested overUS 151 million to support childprotection programmes. We willcontinue our work to dramaticallyimprove the quality and increasethe scale of our child protectionprogrammes, through capacitybuilding, advocacy, interagencycollaboration, and resourcemobilisation.This paper sets out our childprotection strategy for 2013-2015.It explains our priorities and howwe will measure success. Thestrategy also includes our childprotection breakthrough: “Allchildren are cared for in a safefamily environment and nochild is placed in harmfulinstitutions.”Despite Save the Children’s strongchild protection work and that ofmany other committedorganisations, children all over theworld continue to experienceabuse, neglect, violence andexploitation every day, and graveviolations of their rights continueto be witnessed. This cannot bejustified and needs to be stoppednow.I call on everyone – all of Save theChildren’s members and countryoffices – to take action and toengage and invest in childprotection so that we fulfil ourambition to end all forms ofviolence against children. But wecannot achieve this alone.Partnerships with civil societyorganisations, governments, UnitedNations agencies and children arecrucial to making this happen.Together we can make the worldsafe for children.Elisabeth Dahlin, Secretary General,Save the Children Sweden Sebastian Rich, Save the Children.3
1. Executive summary and introductionChild protection deserves to be a priority – Children experience abuse,neglect, violence and exploitation1 in all the countries where Save theChildren works. Millions of children are affected and even more are at risk.Child protection is therefore a key priority for Save the Children’sdomestic and international programmes, in both development andhumanitarian contexts. We are the key independent child protection actorglobally, with long experience of working in partnership with civil societyorganisations, child-led initiatives, governments and other key actors to stop allforms of violence against children.“No violence against children is justifiable andall violence against children is preventable.”Professor Paulo Pinheiro, Independent Expert for the UN Study on Violence against Children (2006)24 Luca Kleve-Ruud - Magnum for Save the Children.
SAVE THE CHILDREN’S CHILD PROTECTION STRATEGY 2013-2015Child protection failures affect progress in allsectors’ – Protecting children from violence, abuse,exploitation and neglect is essential for them toenjoy their rights to survival, development andparticipation. Many children drop out of schoolbecause of the protection issues they face andyoung girls die because of early marriage and otherharmful practices. Every failure to protect childrenhas negative effects that continue into their adultlife – and also holds back a country’s nationaldevelopment. By contrast, where children areprotected, their health, education and well-beingare improved as well as their ability to contributeto society as future citizens.In all contexts – Save the Children is a “dualmandate” organisation that delivers for childrenin both development and emergency contexts.Humanitarian crises make children even morevulnerable. Therefore, our work addresses theimmediate and long-term child protectionconsequences of emergencies. We are also givingincreasing attention to urbanisation, as safetynets are often weakened as a consequence ofurban growth.Our priority areas – Save the Children’s four childprotection priority areas for the period 2010-2015are: Children Without Appropriate Care Child Protection in Emergencies Physical and Humiliating Punishment Children and WorkSave the Children defines‘child protection’ as a set of measuresand structures to prevent and respondto abuse, neglect, violence andexploitation affecting children.The focus of each priority area, including goals andobjectives, are described below and in Section 3.See also the key definitions in Annex 1.5
SAVE T HE C HILD REN ’S CH IL D PR O TECT I ON STR ATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15Every child deserves a life free from abuse, neglect,violence and exploitation. Experience has shownthat this happens most often when the child isloved and cared for in a safe family environment.Because of this, Save the Children has adopted aspecific child protection breakthrough within itsfour priorities:3“All children thrive in a safe family environmentand no child is placed in harmful institutions.”Table 1 summarises the key child protection objectives that we aim to achieve by 2015. These objectivesguide our members and country offices.Table 1: Overview of key child protection goals to be achieved by 20156VisionAll children are protected from abuse, neglect, violence and exploitationOverall goalThe lives of 21 million children will be improved through preventativeand remedial child protection efforts in 2015Children WithoutAppropriate CareBy 2015, 4.6 million children4 without appropriate care, and theirfamilies, including children affected by HIV and AIDS and those on themove, will benefit from good-quality preventive and/or remedialinterventions within an improved child protection systemChild Protectionin EmergenciesBy 2015, 3.7 million children5 affected by armed conflict and disaster willbe protected from abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence throughpreventive and remedial interventions based on the Minimum Standardsfor Child Protection in Humanitarian Response6Physical andHumiliating PunishmentBy 2015, 9.2 million children7 will be protected from physical andhumiliating punishment in all settingsChildren and WorkBy 2015, 3.5 million children8 children will benefit from services that willenable them to fulfil their rightsBreakthroughAll children thrive in a safe family environment and no child is placed inharmful institutions
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15Our approach – Save the Children’s approach isbased on every child’s right to be protected andcared for, ideally by their own family or in a familylike environment. We are strengtheningcommunity-based and national child protectionsystems and we are working in partnership withgovernments and civil society actors. We promotethe ethical and meaningful participation of childrenin all stages of our programming and we areaddressing discrimination and poverty to reach themost vulnerable children. Changes in legislation,policies, services and social norms – and increasedinvestment in child protection – are necessary toprevent and respond to all forms of violence.Save the Children is guided by the UN Conventionon the Rights of the Child, by other internationalinstruments and by our own Theory of Change.The Theory of Change provides overall strategicguidance to our programmes to develop and testevidence-based solutions with a view to scalingthem up through advocacy and partnership. We areputting increasing emphasis on creating a strongevidence base by strengthening monitoring,evaluation and learning.Safeguarding – Save the Children aims to be achild-safe organisation. This means we will do allthat we can to ensure that children (and theirfamilies) we work with are free from any formof abuse or exploitation. We do everything wecan to ensure that our programme design andimplementation is safe for children.Anyone representing our organisation will at alltimes adhere to the highest standards of behaviourtowards children and their families. Wherever thereare concerns regarding our own representatives,they will be investigated honestly and fairly with dueregard to internal disciplinary procedures andnational legal procedures. Procedures are also inplace to protect any children whose rights havebeen violated.Responsibility for the implementation of thesafeguarding policy lies with Save the ChildrenInternational’s Human Resource Department.However, all staff members within the organisationare responsible for ensuring that we do no harmand that our child protection programmes do notput children at risk. For further details please seeSave the Children’s Child Safeguarding Policyhere.Child protection strategy – This strategy sets outthe changes that Save the Children expects to seein the protection of children by 2015. Our childprotection strategy 2013-2015 articulates the maintargets and aims we expect to achieve.9 It will besuccessfully achieved only through the joint effortsof all sections of the organisation.7
SA VE TH E CH ILD REN ’S CH IL D PR OTECT I ON STR AT EG Y 20 13 -2 01 52. The magnitude of the problem, trends,progress and challenges“Children have suffered violence at the hands of adults unseen andunheard for centuries. But now that the scale and impact of violence isbecoming visible, they cannot be kept waiting any longer for the effectiveprotection to which they have an unqualified right.”From the UN Study on Violence against Children108 Per-Anders Pettersson - Getty Images for Save the Children
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15Abuse, neglect violence and exploitation areserious human rights violations that occur inall parts of the world. This includes within thehome, in schools, in institutions, at work, in thecommunity, in armed conflicts and in naturaldisasters. Exposure in one setting may becompounded by violence in another. Violenceagainst children is increasingly linked acrosscountries and regions, through child trafficking,child abusive images, unsafe migration, and theincreasing frequency of migration due to climaterelated disasters.The full scale of violence is unknown, as muchof it goes unreported because of shame, fear orinadequate reporting mechanisms. Some of theviolence against children remains legal, stateauthorised and/or socially approved. The figuresin the box give an indication of the enormousmagnitude of the global child protection crisis –although the specific nature of child protectionissues can differ between the developed anddeveloping world, the fundamentals are the same.Fact box: The global child protection crisis It is estimated that 150 million girls and73 million boys worldwide are raped orsubjected to other forms of sexual violenceeach year.11 Some 17,700 asylum applications werelodged by unaccompanied or separatedchildren in 69 countries in 2011, mostly byAfghan and Somali children. Since 1990, an estimated 90% of thosekilled in conflicts around the world havebeen civilians, and 80% of those have beenwomen and children.12 It is estimated that over 145 millionchildren have lost one or both parents.16Over 8 million children withoutappropriate care around the world live inresidential care facilities.17 In at least 13 countries, children are beingrecruited into armed forces and groups.13 It is estimated that between 100 and 140million girls and women in the world haveundergone some form of female genitalmutilation.14 Among young women aged 15-24, 48%were married before the age of 18 inSouth Asia (9.7 million girls), 42% in Africa,and 29% in Latin America and theCaribbean.15 Around the world, 115 million children –74 million boys and 41 million girls – areinvolved in the worst forms of childlabour.18 Three out of four children experienceviolent discipline at home.19 16.6 million children have lost one or bothparents due to HIV and AIDS and haveimportant care needs: 90% of thosechildren live in sub-Saharan Africa.209
SAVE T HE C HILD REN ’S CH IL D PR O TECT I ON STR ATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15Both the long- and short-term repercussions ofviolence can be devastating. Exposure to violencein early childhood can affect the maturing brain.Children’s prolonged exposure to various forms ofviolence, abuse, exploitation and neglect – either asvictims or witnesses – can disrupt nervous andimmune systems and lead to social, emotional andcognitive impairments, as well as risky behaviour,including substance abuse and early sexual activity.Violence against children has a devastating effect,not only on the development of the child, but alsoon the development of societies, and has enormouseconomic and social costs. Studies in Australia,New Zealand and the USA have calculated thefinancial costs of child abuse and neglect for thesesocieties.21 Over 1 million children are affectedevery year in the USA, costing an estimatedUS 220 million per day.22 Child abuse and neglectcosts New Zealand around US 1.7 billion eachyear, representing over 1% of gross domesticproduct.23 In 2007 in Australia, an estimated177,000 children under the age of 18 were victimsof abuse or neglect, costing the country betweenUS 10.7 billion and US 30.1 billion that year.24Progress has been made. The 2009United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF) report card on childprotection25 shows some progressover the last two decades, such as anumber of governments strengtheningtheir commitment and actions(including laws, policies and services)to stop violence against children.However, the report notes thatprogress has been altogether toolittle and too slow.Data from some countries where data is availableshows that girls are now getting married at a laterage, and that the rates of the worst forms of childlabour and female genital mutilation/cutting aredeclining.10Examples of progress on childprotection at international levelIn order to advance the goal of protectingchildren during armed conflict and ending theimpunity enjoyed by perpetrators, the UNSecurity Council established a Monitoring andReporting Mechanism to systematicallymonitor, document and report on violenceagainst children.26The Guidelines for the Alternative Care ofChildren (Guidelines) were formallyendorsed by the UN General Assembly on20 November 2009. The Guidelines focus ontwo main issues: ensuring that children arenot unnecessarily placed in alternative care;and, where out-of-home care is provided,ensuring that it is delivered under conditionsthat are appropriate to the child’s rights andbest interest.Less than two decades ago, international agenciesand non-governmental organisations (NGOs) wereonly beginning to integrate child protection intotheir interventions. Today, most interventions inboth humanitarian and development contextsinclude child protection components.Despite some remarkable developments, overallprogress has been too limited and too slow – partlybecause the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) framework failed to address children’sprotection and wider human security issues.27Contrary to the Millennium Declaration – whichrecognised the human rights dimension ofdevelopment and the importance of protectingchildren from conflict, violence, abuse andexploitation – the MDGs do not include a goal ofprotecting adults and children. This has resulted in alack of donor and government attention, and hassent a signal to the international community thatchild protection is not a priority. Save the Childrenis, therefore, advocating for the post-2015 MDGframework to include child protection.
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15Karin Beate Nosterud - Save the Children11
SAVE THE CHILDR EN ’S CH I LD PROTEC TI O N STRATE GY 2 01 3- 20 153. Save the Children’s child protectionpriority areasDuring the design of Save the Children’s global strategy for the period 2010-2015, Save the Childrendecided that the organisation should focus its child protection work on four priority areas: Children Without Appropriate CareChild Protection in EmergenciesPhysical and Humiliating PunishmentChildren and WorkEach priority area includes a strategic goal and a set of strategic objectives relating to identified subthemes (see also key definitions in Annex 1).12
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 153.128Children Without Appropriate Care“We were never taught to live on our own. On certain days we were given soap, a toothbrush,toothpaste and clothes, usually the same for all. Until the age of 12 we all had the same haircut.It was like living in an incubator.” Girl in an institution, Russia29Figure 3.1 Children Without Appropriate Care: goal and sub-themes for the period 2010-201530By 2015, 4.6 million childrenwithout appropriate care, and Children in, or at risk of requiring,alternative careChildren without appropriate care benefit from goodquality care services either in their own families or,when necessary, in family and community-basedalternatives Children on the moveChildren who move, either voluntarily or involuntarily,have better access to local and national care andprotection systems to protect them from exploitation,abuse, neglect and violencetheir families, (including childrenon the move and childrenaffected by HIV and AIDS)will benefit from good-qualityinterventions within an improvedchild protection systemMillions of children are without appropriate caredue to violence and abuse, poverty, conflict,parental illness, HIV and AIDS, disability andhumanitarian disasters, etc. Such children live inmany different circumstances, including being on thestreet, on the move, in extended families, ininstitutions, or being unsafe in their own familiesdue to the family situation or poor parenting skills.There are, for example, an estimated 8 millionvulnerable children worldwide who are living inpoor-quality institutional care that is harmful totheir physical, social and intellectual development.31Yet four out of five of those children have one orboth parents alive who, with support, could carefor them. Numerous studies have highlighted thedamage that institutionalisation has on childdevelopment. A recent study in Romania found thatinstitutionalisation in young children is one of thebiggest threats to early brain development, witheffects similar to that of severe malnutrition, leadpoisoning and the mother’s drug use duringpregnancy.32Children affected by HIV and AIDS have lost orare at risk of losing their primary caregivers, whichcan leave them with precarious care arrangements.Without appropriate guidance, love and securityfrom a stable family structure, these children maybe pushed on to the streets, engage in harmful orexploitative work to care for their families, orbecome increasingly vulnerable to harmfulsituations.Millions of children are on the move both withinand between countries and very little attentionis paid to their care and protection at national,regional or international levels. Children on themove, and especially those who move alone,are vulnerable to all forms of violence anddiscrimination. They often lack access to servicesand risk ending up in institutions, detention centres,on the street, or in poor-quality accommodation.What we do“Thank God, now I know a lot of people, andsome of them are important people. Yani (nameof Case worker) often visit me, and I alsotravelled to Bandung (child and family supportcentre). Now I can give advice to In, not likebefore, because he was in the institution and wehardly saw each other, but now we have time totalk to each other.”In’s 47 year old father, who has been reunited with hisdaughter after she had been placed in an institution in Indonesia13
SAVE T HE C HILD REN ’S CH IL D PR O TECT I ON STR ATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15“Keluargaku Harapanku” (my family, my hope) –a picture by Moro, a 15 year old child researcher, IndonesiaSave the Children has extensive experience ofworking in partnership with governments and otherorganisations to reform care systems away frominstitutional care towards family-based care. Wesupport the development and implementation offamily- and community-based prevention andalternative care models to divert vulnerablechildren from inappropriate care arrangements.We also advocate for reform strategies or policyframeworks that are compliant with the Guidelinesfor the Alternative Care of Children,33 and whichinclude national care standards, legislation tosupport family-based alternatives and increasedbudget allocations for family-based care.We advocate on care issues and work closely withkey groups at international level, for example theBetter Care Network.34“I arrived in Italy through Spain and France,crossing the northern border. In my journey I feltI was alone. I had the same feeling when Iarrived in Rome. But since then I have met fieldworkers at the day centre for children on themove "CIVICOZERO" of Save the Children.I know I can count on them, on their support.Another child asked me to move on to London afew days ago. “No, I will stay in Rome, now I amnot alone anymore," I answered.”M, 17 years old, from The Gambia14Save the Children has pioneered the concept ofprotecting children on the move, leading theinternational debate on care for children on themove in development and emergency settings, aswell as in reception, assistance and durablesolutions in the European Union (EU). We supportprogrammes and influence changes to nationalpolicies to ensure that children at risk of unsafemigration benefit from quality care and support intheir families, or when necessary in family- andcommunity-based alternatives, and that they haveaccess to protection services. We also advocate forchanges in policies and service provision to ensurethat children in transit and at their destinationreceive adequate and coordinated support. Inaddition, we advocate for coordination andcoherence across asylum, migration and traffickingpolicies that are based on the best interest of thechild, so that States provide services which at leastmeet the minimum standards of quality care.Save the Children is an active member of the InterAgency Group on Children on the Move.35Save the Children resources onChildren Without AppropriateCareThe full Children Without AppropriateCare strategy can be found here.Handbooks, tools and other resources canbe found on OneNet and on theResource Centre on Child Protectionand Child Rights Governance.Click on the links for information about theChildren Without Appropriate CareTask Group and sub-task group onChildren on the Move.
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 153.2. Child Protection inEmergencies36“Another thing they do is to use children toprotect themselves. They know we can’t shootour own children, so they put the children in“There is nowhere safe for us. The soldiers go front – so they’re a human shield – and marchinto our villages. It’s terrifying for the children.everywhere, even into our homes.”Many of them die.”11-year-old boy, Nablus, Occupied Palestinian Territories3715-year-old Syrian boy38Figure 3.2 Child Protection in Emergencies: goal and sub-themes for the period 2010-201539By 2015, 3.7 million children Overarching issuesSave the Children and the wider internationalcommunity have increased capacity to implementlarge-scale, effective child protection programmesbefore, during and after emergencies Sexual violence against children in emergenciesGirls and boys benefit from new, improved and scaledup programmes that prevent, protect and respond tosexual violence in and after emergencies Children associated with armed forces orarmed groupsChildren benefit from improved, quality programmesthat prevent recruitment into armed forces or groupsand/or support release and reintegration into familiesand communities Family separationSeparated and unaccompanied children are providedwith adequate care and family tracing and reunificationservices, and children at risk of separation receivepreventive support servicesaffected by armed conflict anddisaster will be protected fromabuse, neglect, exploitation,and violence throughpreventive and remedialinterventions based on theMinimum Standardsfor Child Protection inHumanitarian ResponseChildren are extremely vulnerable during ahumanitarian crisis. They are at risk of recruitmentinto armed forces and groups, sexual violence,separation from their families, psychosocial distress,trafficking and economic exploitation, genocide,physical violence, killing and maiming, and otherforms of harm. Family separation and thebreakdown of national and community-based childprotection systems make girls and boys especiallyvulnerable to abuse, exploitation, violence andneglect.Discriminatory attitudes and practices that existedprior to the emergency often intensify during ahumanitarian crisis, and children become excludedfrom life-saving child protection services orinformation due to their gender, age, ethnicity,sexual orientation or disability.15
SAVE T HE C HILD REN ’S CH IL D PR O TECT I ON STR ATE GY 2 01 3- 20 15What we do“I was a child soldier. At the beginning ofthe war, neither of my parents was able to findwork. I have seven brothers and sisters. I voluntarilyjoined the army when I was 17 years old. Thecommunity approached me and spoke to me aboutmy situation and I realised being in the militarywasn’t a good solution and so I left the movement.Now I am trying to make sure other children donot go down the same path that I did.”.40Former child soldier in West Africa“The football brings us together. That is good. Nowwe want to move on. We want to play against otherteams outside the camp. The next step is to get realfootball shoes. This is just the beginning for us girls.”Mary Hamoda, Sherkole Refugee Camp, EthiopiaSave the Children has selected three areas of workto bring about significant change for children inemergencies:sexual violence against children in emergencies16 children associated with armed forces orarmed groups family separation.Save the Children has considerable experience inassisting with the release, reintegration andrehabilitation of children associated with armedforces or armed groups, and in working withgovernments, armed forces and armed groups toprevent child recruitment. We advocate for moreprotective legal frameworks and practices incollaboration with other agencies, such as ChildSoldiers International, Watchlist and UNICEF.We work with governments, UNICEF and otherNGOs to register separated and unaccompaniedchildren, and to trace and reunite children withtheir families. We advocate for children’s right tobirth registration and support government effortsto develop information management systems.Interagency guidelines and tools for family tracingand reunification have been developed.Save the Children is a key actor in the area of childprotection in emergencies. We are also one of theleading organisations in the interagency ChildProtection Working Group41 within the GlobalProtection Cluster. Our extensive experience inrights-based programming often places us in aleading position to improve knowledge and produceinnovative practices, tools and standards, such asthe development of the inter-agency MinimumStandards on Child Protection in Humanitarian Action.42In addition, our child protection in emergency workincludes capacity-building, resource-mobilisation,psychosocial support and inclusion of childprotection in disaster risk reduction.Save the Children’s resourceson Child Protection inEmergenciesSexual violence is addressed through communityinterventions and national strategies that fight theimpunity of perpetrators, prevent sexual violenceand provide rehabilitation services for victims. Wealso work with the Special Representative of theUN Secretary-General for Children and ArmedConflict to advocate for more child-friendlyimplementation of the Monitoring and ReportingMechanism.The full strategy on Child Protection inEmergencies can be found here.Handbooks, tools and other resourcescan be found here.Information about the Child Protection inEmergencies Task Group and contactdetails for the Chair of the task groupcan be found here.
SAVE THE CHILDR EN’S C HI LD PR OT ECT IO N ST RATE GY 2 01 3- 20 153.3 Physical and Humiliating Punishment“With these two hands my mother holds me, this I love. But with these two hands my motherhits me. This I hate.” Girl, East Asia and the Pacific43Figure 3.3 Physical and Humiliating Punishment: goal and sub-themes for the period 2010-201544By 2015, 9.2 million children Legal and policy changeGovernments ban physical and humiliating punishmentin all settings Public attitudesCommunities no longer accept physical andhumiliating punishment Behaviour change/ service deliveryParents/caregivers and teachers practisepositive dis
3. Save the Children's child protection priority areas 3.1 Children without appropriate care 3.2. Child protection in emergencies 3.3 Physical and humiliating punishment 3.4. Children and Work 4. Child Protection Breakthrough 5. Approaches 5.1 Theory of Change 5.2 Systems approach 6. Advocacy objectives to be achieved by 2015 7. Measuring .
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