Idaho Energy Landscape
IDAHO ENERGYLANDSCAPE2021Governor’s Officeof Energy andMineral Resources304 N. 8th Street, Suite 250P.O. 83720Boise, Idaho 83720-0199
Created by the Idaho Governor’sOffice of Energy and Mineral Resources304 N. 8th Street, Suite 250P.O. Box 83720Boise, Idaho 83720-0199Special thanks to IntermountainGas Company, a subsidiary ofMDU Resources Group, forprinting and binding this edition ofthe Idaho Energy Landscape.Note: All data referenced within this document is collected from entities thatupdate information at different intervals. Research was conducted to find the mostrecent data available.Idaho Energy Landscape2
Table of Contents1. Idaho’s Energy Landscape .61.1 Energy and the Economy .61.1.1. Energy Costs .71.2 Idaho Utilities, and Electric and Natural Gas Systems .91.2.1. Electricity .91.2.1.1. Avista Corporation .121.2.1.2. Idaho Power Company .131.2.1.3. PacifiCorp / Rocky Mountain Power .141.2.1.4. Idaho’s Municipal and Cooperative Utilities .151.2.1.5. Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems .151.2.2. Natural Gas .161.2.2.1. Avista Utilities .171.2.2.2. Intermountain Gas Company .171.2.2.3. Dominion Energy .171.3. Energy Consumption, Production, and Prices .181.3.1. Sources of Idaho’s Energy .191.3.2. Energy Rates Compared to Other States .221.4. State, Regional, and Federal Energy Regulators .251.4.1. Idaho Public Utilities Commission .251.4.2. Idaho Department of Lands and Oil and Gas Conservation Commission .251.4.3. Idaho Department of Environmental Quality .261.4.4. Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Weights and Measures 261.4.5. Idaho Energy Resources Authority .261.4.6. Bonneville Power Administration.271.4.7. U.S. Department of Energy .281.4.8. U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission .281.4.9. North American Electric Reliability Corporation .281.4.10. Western Electricity Coordinating Council .291.4.11. RC West .291.4.12. Western Energy Imbalance Market and Extended Day-Ahead Market.291.4.13. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission .301.4.14. U.S. Department of the Interior .301.4.15. U.S. Forest Service .311.4.16. National Marine Fisheries Service .311.4.17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency .311.5. State, Regional, and Federal Energy Coordinators .321.5.1. Idaho Governor’s Office of Energy and Mineral Resources .321.5.2. Idaho Strategic Energy Alliance .321.5.3. Leadership in Nuclear Energy Commission .321.5.4. Northwest Power and Conservation Council .321.5.4.1 Northwest Power Pool .331.5.5. Western Interstate Energy Board .331.5.5.1. Committee on Regional Electric Power Cooperation .34Idaho Energy Landscape3
1.5.5.2. WIEB’s High-Level Radioactive Waste Committee .341.5.6. Western Interconnection Regional Advisory Body .341.6 Regional and National Energy Issues .351.6.1. Transmission Planning .351.6.2. Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 .352. Idaho Energy Sources .372.1. Hydroelectricity .372.2. Wind.382.3. Solar .392.4. Bioenergy .402.5. Geothermal .412.6. Combined Heat and Power .422.7. Nuclear .432.8. Natural Gas .432.9. Propane .442.10. Petroleum .442.11. Coal .453. Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Energy Storage .463.1. Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Seventh Power Plan .473.2. Bonneville Power Administration Energy Efficiency .473.3. Idaho Power Energy Efficiency .473.4. PacifiCorp Energy Efficiency .483.5. Avista Energy Efficiency .483.6. Intermountain Gas Energy Efficiency .483.7. Energy Storage Technologies and Approaches .493.8. Distributed Energy Resources.503.9. Pumped Hydroelectric Storage .503.10. Battery Storage.513.11. Thermal Storage .513.12. Mechanical Storage .513.13. Hydrogen Storage .514. Outlook .534.1. Utility Integrated Resource Plans .534.2. Future Planned Development .544.3. Microgrids .574.3.1. Smart Grid.574.4. Electric Vehicles .575. Energy Research and Education Entities in Idaho .595.1. Research at Idaho National Laboratory .595.2. Center for Advanced Energy Studies .605.3. Universities, Colleges, and Technical Training .60Appendix A: List of Idaho Electric and Natural Gas Utilities .63Glossary: .64Idaho Energy Landscape4
List of Tables and FiguresFIGURE 1.1 IDAHO'S ENERGY INTENSITY AS A SHARE OF THE ECONOMY . 7TABLE 1.1 AVERAGE ENERGY BILL PER PERSON, 2018 . 8FIGURE 1.2 HELLS CANYON HYDROELECTRIC DAM . 8FIGURE 1.3 NORTH AMERICAN ELECTRIC RELIABILITY CORPORATION REGIONAL ELECTRICINTERCONNECTIONS. 9FIGURE 1.4 IDAHO'S INVESTOR-OWNED ELECTRIC UTILITIES SERVICE TERRITORIES . 10FIGURE 1.5 IDAHO'S MUNICIPAL AND COOPERATIVE UTILITIES SERVICE TERRITORIES . 11FIGURE 1.6 AVISTA ENERGY PRODUCTION MIX (2019) . 12FIGURE 1.7 IDAHO POWER ENERGY MIX (2019) . 13FIGURE 1.8 PACIFICORP’S ENERGY PRODUCTION MIX (2019) . 14FIGURE 1.9 WESTERN U.S. INTERSTATE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE SYSTEM AND NATURALGAS SERVICE TERRITORIES. 16FIGURE 1.10 IDAHO ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION . 18FIGURE 1.11 SOURCES OF END USE ENERGY CONSUMED IN IDAHO IN 2018. 19FIGURE 1.12 IDAHO’S 2019 ELECTRICITY SOURCES . 20FIGURE 1.13 IDAHO’S 2018 ELECTRICITY FUEL MIX . 21FIGURE 1.14 IDAHO’S 2019 AVERAGE ELECTRICITY RATES COMPARED TO OTHER STATES. 22FIGURE 1.15 IDAHO’S 2019 RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS PRICES COMPARED TO OTHERSTATES . 23FIGURE 1.16 IDAHO’S 2020 RETAIL GASOLINE PRICES COMPARED TO OTHER STATES. 24FIGURE 1.17 BPA RESOURCES (2019) . 27FIGURE 1.18 PURPA GENERATION IN IDAHO, 1981-2017. 36FIGURE 2.1 CABINET GEORGE HYDROELECTRIC DAM ON THE CLARK FORK RIVER . 37FIGURE 2.2 POWER COUNTY WIND FARM IN EASTERN IDAHO. . 38FIGURE 2.3 AMERICAN FALLS II SOLAR PROJECT . 39FIGURE 2.4 GEOTHERMAL LOCATIONS IN IDAHO . 42FIGURE 2.5 IDAHO NATIONAL LAB ADVANCED TEST REACTOR FACILITY . 43FIGURE 2.6 TRANSPORTATION FUEL PIPELINES AND REFINERIES SERVING IDAHO . 45FIGURE 3.1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PURE HYDROGEN IN METRIC TONS, 1975-2018 . 52TABLE 4.1 PLANNED INVESTMENTS IN ELECTRIC GENERATING FACILITIES BY IDAHOINVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES, 2020-2030 . 54TABLE 4.2 MAJOR PLANNED TRANSMISSION PROJECTS BY IDAHO INVESTOR-OWNEDUTILITIES, 2020-2027 . 55FIGURE 4.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE GATEWAY WEST TRANSMISSION LINE . 55TABLE 4.3 ANNOUNCED COAL-FIRED GENERATION FACILITY EXITS OR RETIREMENTS BYIDAHO INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES, 2019-2037 . 56FIGURE 4.2 ELECTRIC VEHICLE DC FAST CHARGING STATION LOCATIONS IN IDAHO . 58Idaho Energy Landscape5
1. Idaho’s Energy Landscape1.1 Energy and the EconomyThe strength of Idaho’s economy and the quality of life in Idaho depend upon access toaffordable and reliable energy resources. Idaho’s strong and diversified economy isfueled by energy-dependent sectors, including technology, manufacturing, agriculture,tourism, healthcare, and construction, all of which benefit from Idaho’s low cost ofenergy.Energy costs are affected by the economy, new technology, governmental regulation, andglobal market trends. For example, advancements in natural gas production technologieshave increased the supply of domestically produced natural gas. This has substantiallylowered the cost to consumers and nearly doubled consumption in the past decade. 1Historically, economic growth and energy consumption were strongly and positivelycorrelated; however, technological changes and the increased utilization of energyefficiency have weakened this correlation. Idaho’s Gross Domestic Product on averagegrew 4.8% annually from 1998 to 2018, while Idaho’s energy consumption(transportation, heat, and power) only increased 0.5% annually from 1998 to 2018. 2Today, approximately 13,300 people work in Idaho’s energy sector, which pushes theboundaries of technology, launches start-ups, and fuels research, growth, and discovery. 3Energy statistics compiled for the Energy Landscape reflect the most recent dataavailable from a wide variety of sources. Different sources will update energy data atirregular intervals, some more frequently than others. For that reason, the facts andstatistics referenced in this document, including graphs and tables, represent the most upto-date information available, but may be several years old. Each year, the Office ofEnergy and Mineral Resources staff conducts thorough research to ensure that the datapresented in this document is accurate and complete.1U.S. Energy Information Administration. “U.S. Natural Gas Deliveries to Electric Power m2 Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. “FRED: Total Gross Domestic Product for ; and U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Total End-Use EnergyConsumption Estimates, 1960-2016, Idaho.”www.eia.gov/state/seds/data.cfm?incfile /state/seds/sep use/tx/use tx ID.html&sid ID3 National Association of State Energy Officials. “2020 U.S. Energy Employment Report: Idaho /1584927662182/Idaho-2020.pdfIdaho Energy Landscape6
1.1.1. Energy CostsFigure 1.1 Idaho's Energy Intensity as a Share of the Economy 416%14%In 2018, Idaho had the 12thhighest energy intensity in theUnited st VirginiaNorth hoSouth CarolinaVermontTexasOklahomaSouth DakotaNew waiiNew HampshireMichiganWisconsinArizonaOhioRhode IslandPennsylvaniaUnited StatesNevadaNorth ew assachusettsWashingtonCaliforniaNew YorkDistrict of Columbia0%Low energy rates have consistently attracted energy-intensive industries to Idaho,including mining, pulp and paper, agriculture, food processing, and computer chipmanufacturing. As a result, Idaho’s energy expenditures equated to almost 9% of theState’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, placing Idaho 12th for total energy costscompared to the rest of the states. 5 The total energy costs per GDP illustrated in Figure 1.1include the cost of gasoline to the State as well. Due to the rural nature of Idaho and theabsence of a petroleum refinery in the State, Idahoans frequently spend more ontransportation fuel than individuals who live in more densely populated regions of thecountry.4U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Total Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, Ranked by State, cfile /state/seds/sep sum/html/rank pr.html&sid US5 U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Total Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, Ranked by State, 2018.”https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep sum/html/pdf/rank pr.pdfIdaho Energy Landscape7
Table 1.1 Average Energy Bill per Person, 2018 6Energy SourceGasolineElectricityNatural GasPropaneWoodCoalTotalDollars Per Year 1,199 487 111 58 40 0 1,895Percentage of Total Cost63%26%6%3%2%0%100%Note: The fuel used to heat or power a home varies significantly across Idaho; therefore, the estimated costper person is an average of all energy types. Some people may use more or less of a specific energy source.Collectively, Idaho’s residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors spentalmost 7 billion on energy in 2018. 7 When those dollars were adjusted specifically forresidential use, the average Idahoan spent about 1,900 on direct energy products in2018, as demonstrated in Table 1.1. This number was based on Idaho’s 2018 residentialenergy expenditures and population estimate.Figure 1.2 Hells Canyon Hydroelectric Dam 86U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Idaho SEDS Data 2018 for the Residential, Commercial, Industrial andTransportation Sectors.” php?sid ID; and Idaho Department ofLabor. “Census.” https://lmi.idaho.gov/census7 U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Idaho SEDS Data 2018 for the Residential, Commercial, Industrial andTransportation Sectors.” php?sid ID#PricesExpenditures8 Sam Judy. Adobe Photo Stock License 225224371. 224371?prev url detailIdaho Energy Landscape8
1.2 Idaho Utilities, and Electric and Natural Gas Systems1.2.1. ElectricityFigure 1.3 North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regional ElectricInterconnections 9The electrical transmission network in the United States and Canada is made up of fourseparate interconnections. The Western Interconnection links Idaho with the rest of thewestern United States and two Canadian provinces as shown in Figure 1.3. Coordinationthroughout the Western Interconnection on a local, sub-regional, and regional basisensures a reliable and adequate integrated system of electricity for consumers. TheWestern Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) is the regional entity that monitorsand enforces compliance with electricity reliability standards throughout the WesternInterconnection, including Idaho. 109North American Electric Reliability Corporation. “Maps: NERC ns.pdf10 Western Electricity Coordinating Council. “About WECC.” https://www.wecc.org/Pages/AboutWECC.aspxIdaho Energy Landscape9
Figure 1.4 Idaho's Investor-Owned Electric Utilities Service Territories 1111 Idaho Public Utilities Commission. “Service Areas of Investor Owned Electric Utilities in s/maps/elec.pdfIdaho Energy Landscape10
Figure 1.5 Idaho's Municipal and Cooperative Utilities Service Territories 1212 Idaho Public Utilities Commission. “Electric Co-ops, Mutual and Municipalities within s/maps/elecoop.pdfIdaho Energy Landscape11
Idaho’s electrical grid is operated by three investor-owned utilities (IOUs), as well asmunicipal and rural electric cooperative utilities, which are listed in Appendix A. Thethree IOUs serve approximately 84% of the State’s electricity needs, while the municipaland rural electric cooperative utilities serve the remaining 16%, as illustrated on theprevious pages by Figures 1.4 and 1.5. 131.2.1.1. Avista CorporationAvista is an investor-owned electric and natural gas utility headquartered in Spokane,Washington. Avista serves over 224,000 electric and natural gas customers in Idaho’snorthern and central regions. In April 2019, the company signed an agreement with theCalifornia Independent System Operator (CAISO) to participate in the Western EnergyImbalance Market (EIM) by the end of April 2022. 14 Additionally, in April 2019, Avistaannounced its goal to serve its customers with 100% clean electricity by 2045, asrequired under Washington law, and to have a carbon neutral portfolio by the end of2027. 15Figure 1.6 Avista Energy Production Mix (2019) 164%2%9%HydroelectricNatural Gas51%CoalWind34%BiomassAvista generates electricity by utilizing a mix of hydroelectric, natural gas, coal, biomass,and wind generation delivered over 2,770 miles of electrical transmission lines, 19,100miles of electrical distribution lines, and 8,000 miles of natural gas lines. 17 Avista’s 2019annual energy production mix and long-term contracted resources is shown in Figure 1.6.Hydroelectric generation accounts for over half of its electricity mix, which provides asignificant price benefit for its customers. Avista’s company-owned and contract13 U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Annual Electric Power Industry Report, Form EIS-861 detailed datafiles.” https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/14 Avista. April 25, 2019. “Avista builds on commitment to renewable energy by joining the Western Energy ImbalanceMarket.” https://investor.avistacorp.com/node/21551/pdf15 Avista. “Our Commitment.” https://www.myavista.com/about-us/our-commitment16 Avista. “About Our Energy Mix.” -mix17 Avista. “2020 Quick Facts.” 3b9-9fbf-4c20-a891-cbb4c2f1dcffIdaho Energy Landscape12
hydroelectric resources are located in western Montana, eastern Washington, andnorthern Idaho; and its natural gas-fired baseload and capacity resources are located inIdaho, Oregon, and Washington. It also has an ownership share in the Colstrip coal-firedpower plant in Montana. 181.2.1.2. Idaho Power CompanyFounded in 1916, Idaho Power Company is the largest electricity provider in the State.Headquartered in Boise, it serves more than 570,000 customers across a 24,000 squaremile service territory in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon. 19 Electricity is suppliedthrough 4,800 miles of transmission lines and more than 27,000 miles of distributionlines. 20 Idaho Power has a significant hydroelectric generation power base. It has 17 lowcost, emission-free hydroelectric projects at the core of its generation portfolio, includinga 1,167 megawatt (MW), three-dam complex in Hells Canyon. 21 Idaho Power enteredthe Western EIM in April 2018, 22 and announced its goal to provide 100% clean energyto its customers by 2045 in March 2019.Figure 1.7 Idaho Power Energy Mix (2019) 234% 2% 1%9%HydroelectricCoal10%Natural Gas47%WindOtherSolar11%GeothermalBiomass16%Idaho Power also generates electricity using natural gas at a combined-cycle combustionplant at Langley Gulch, near New Plymouth, Idaho, and two simple-cycle plants nearMountain Home. Additionally, it has partial ownership in baseload coal facilities locatedin Wyoming and Nevada, the Bridger and Valmy plants. Idaho Power exited the18Avista. “2020 Electric Integrated Resource Plan.” rce-planningIdaho Power Company. “Company Facts.” ation/companyfacts/20 Idaho Power Company. “Transmission and Power Lines.” y/delivering-power/transmission-and-power-lines/21 Idaho Power Company. “Hydroelectric Plants.” s/22 Western EIM. “About.” x, and Idaho Power Company. “CleanToday. Cleaner Tomorrow.” ner-tomorrow/23 Idaho Power Company. “Our Energy Sources.” gy/energysources/19Idaho Energy Landscape13
Boardman coal facility located in Oregon in 2020 and half of its share of the Valmy coalfacility in 2019. Idaho Power’s resource portfolio fuel mix for 2019 is shown in Figure1.7. Idaho Power-owned generating capacity was the source for 72.4% of the energydelivered to customers. Purchased power comprised 27.6% of the total energy deliveredto customers. 241.2.1.3. PacifiCorp / Rocky Mountain PowerPacifiCorp operates under the name Rocky Mountain Power in Idaho, Utah, andWyoming, and serves 82,000 customers in 14 Idaho counties. 25 PacifiCorp serves morethan 1.9 million retail customers across 141,390 square miles of service territory inCalifornia, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 26 PacifiCorp merged in1989 with Utah Power & Light Company and was purchased by MidAmerican EnergyHoldings Company in 2006, which later changed its name to Berkshire HathawayEnergy. In 2014, PacifiCorp helped launch the Western EIM. 27Figure 1.8 PacifiCorp’s Energy Production Mix (2019) 284.8%0.2% 4.5%8.0%CoalOther/MiscellaneousNatural acifiCorp owns 10,880 MW of net generation capacity, including coal, hydroelectric,natural gas, wind, and geothermal resources. 29 PacifiCorp’s energy mix is shown inFigure 1.8. Wind, hydro, geothermal, and other non-carbon-emitting resources currentlymake up about 48% of PacifiCorp’s owned and contracted generating capacity.PacifiCorp owns 2,222 MW of wind generation capacity and has long-term power24 IdahoPower Company. “2019 Integrated Resource Plan, Second pdf25 Rocky Mountain Power. “Just the 2020 BHE FactSheet-RockyMountainPower.pdf f26 PacifiCorp. “About.” https://www.pacificorp.com/about.html27 PacifiCorp. “Grid Modernization.” on.html28 PacifiCorp. “Rocky Mountain Power – Power Content Label.” abel.html29 PacifiCorp. “Generation Resources.” https://www.pacificorp.com/energy.htmlIdaho Energy Landscape14
purchase agreements for 1,686 MW from wind projects owned by others. 30 PacifiCorp’scustomers receive electricity through approximately 16,500 miles of transmission lines,64,000 miles of distribution lines, and 900 substations. 311.2.1.4. Idaho’s Municipal and Cooperative UtilitiesTwenty-three electric utility municipalities and cooperatives are members of the IdahoConsumer Owned Utilities Association (ICUA), serving more than 137,000 customersthroughout Idaho, accounting for about 16% of Idaho’s electric consumers. 32 Municipaland cooperative utilities are not subject to regulation by the Idaho Public UtilitiesCommission (PUC).33 Instead, Idaho’s municipal and cooperative electric utilitiesprovide competitively priced energy services to their members and residents and aregenerally governed by an independently elected Board of Directors or city councils.Most of Idaho’s municipalities and cooperatives purchase the bulk of their electricity,over 96%, from Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); however, some are beginningto acquire their own power generation resources and enter into power purchaseagreements with other energy providers. 34 For example, Idaho Falls Power owns andoperates five hydroelectric projects, owns a portion of the Horse Butte Wind project, andoperates a small amount of solar. 35 The low-cost, renewable electricity provided by theFederal Columbia River Power System, including BPA and the four lower Snake Riverdams, is vital to public power utilities across Idaho and the communities they serve.1.2.1.5. Utah Associated Municipal Power SystemsThree of Idaho’s municipal and cooperative utilities and the Idaho Energy Authority, Inc.are members of the Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems (UAMPS). UAMPS is aproject-based joint action agency headquartered in Salt Lake City, comprised of 48public utilities in six western states.
Energy statistics compiled for the Energy Landscape reflect the most recent data available from a wide variety of sources. Different sources will update energy data at irregular intervals, some more frequently than others. For that reason, the facts and statistics referenced in this document, including graphs and tables, represent the most up-
Centennial Job Corps Campus and College of Western Idaho, Nampa College of Eastern Idaho Idaho Falls College of Southern Idaho Twin Falls Locations 5 Idaho Job Corps Locations Centennial Job Corps Center College of Western Idaho 3201 Ridgecrest Drive Nampa, Idaho 83687 (208) 442-4500 Remote Centers College of Eastern Idaho 1600 S. 25th E.
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municipal corporation, district, public health district, political . 1 Idaho Code § 74-102. 2 Idaho Code §§ 74-104 to 74-111. 3. Idaho Code § 74-101(11). Idaho Public Records Law Manual . 2 subdivision, or any agency thereof, any committee of a local or . Idaho Public Records Law Manual “Public . . . . . .
co-author of Evictions and Landlord/Tenant Law in Idaho(2002) Adam is currently a member of the Idaho and California Bar associations. In Idaho, Adam is a member of the Idaho Bar’s Government Law Section and the International Law Section. He is also a member and former officer of the Idaho Municipal Attorney’s Association. Since 2001 Adam .
James A. & Louise McClure Center for Public Policy Research, University of Idaho. Boise, ID. Current climatic setting of Idaho . Idaho's climate varies substantially from the dry rangelands of southern Idaho to the temperate wet forests of the panhandle. The mid-latitude setting of Idaho and topographic patterns both
campus locations' Conceptual Landscape Master Plan (CLMP) . The framework consists of the Bases of Design: Landscape Concepts and Landscape Elements. The TP/SS-CLMP, the RV-CLMP and the GT-CLMP define the landscape concepts and elements which must be followed when site and building landscape projects are designed for each campus.
LANDMAP is a complete All-Wales GIS based landscape resource where landscape characteristics, qualities and influences on the landscape are recorded and evaluated into a nationally consistent data set. LANDMAP comprises five spatially related datasets known as the Geological Landscape, Landscape Habitats, Landscape Habitats, the Historic
Cover Photo: Sheep grazing on Packer John Mountain in Boise County near Smiths Ferry 300 North 6th Street, Suite 103, Boise, Idaho 83702 P.O. Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0050 IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF LANDS www.idl.idaho.gov WORKING LANDS, TRUSTED STEWARDS 2019 ANNUAL REPORT
