Legal Advice Clinic Annual Report 2020
LEGAL ADVICE CLINICANNUAL REPORT2020unisa.edu.au/legal-advice-clinic
The Legal Advice Clinicis an initiative ofUniversity of South AustraliaPage 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS4 VISION, MISSON & VALUE STATEMENT5 LAW DEAN’S MESSAGE6 MANAGING SOLICITOR’S REPORT8 STAFF10 STUDENT ADVISORS11 TEACHING INNOVATIONS12 WHAT WE DO14 CITY WEST CAMPUS CLINIC15 OUTREACH SERVICES16 SERVICE DELIVERY DURING PANDEMIC18 COMMUNITY LEGAL EDUCATION19 STATISTICS20 CLIENT FEEDBACK21 CASE STUDY OF CLIENT ASSISTANCE22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPage 3
VISION, MISSON & VALUE STATEMENTVisionThe UniSA Legal Advice Clinic will develop a reputation as the most innovative, most respected, best resourced, mostresearch-active clinical legal education program in Australia. It will be recognised as a national leader in clinical legaleducation in its teaching, research and community involvement, and an international authority on clinical legaleducation. The Clinic will be the focus of the UniSA law degree’s ‘capstone’ year, providing all law students with thebenefits of clinical legal education and will be recognised nationally and internationally as providing a ‘best practice’model.MissionThe Clinic’s Mission is: To provide an educational environment which promotes access to justice, fosters a ‘pro bono’ culture, andencourages law students to be client-centred, ethical practitioners. To provide an educational framework which assists law students to develop practical legal skills and adopt ethicalpractices. To provide competent and timely free legal advice to members of the public, particularly to those who mightotherwise be denied access to justice because of financial or social disadvantage. To provide a referral service to members of the community where the Clinic is unable to assist (for both legal andnon-legal services). To develop and consolidate relationships and generate synergies with other organisations in a manner which ismutually beneficial for those other organisations, clients, students and the University of South Australia. To strengthen a research culture which promotes the Clinic as an international leader in clinical legal education.ValuesValues drive an organization’s culture and priorities and provide a framework in which decisions are made.The values of the Clinic are: Innovative, interesting and challenging educational opportunities for law students. A commitment to ongoing research and innovation. A belief in, and a commitment to, access to justice for everyone. An educational environment where all students are encouraged to ask questions and learn from their mistakes. A commitment to reflective practice. A pedagogy that encourages the development of practical legal skills and ethical legal practice.Page 4
LAW DEAN’S MESSAGEThe South Australian community continues to benefit from the pro bono legal work undertaken by the University ofSouth Australia Legal Advice Clinic (“the Clinic”). The Clinic has provided free legal assistance to people who mightotherwise be denied access to justice because of financial or social disadvantage. Since its inception in 2011 and up untilDecember 2020, the value of legal advice provided by the Clinic has surpassed 2.2 million dollars and over 2470 SouthAustralians have received legal assistance. These milestones are a testament to the vital work performed by hundreds oflaw students who have undertaken a placement at the Clinic during its nine years of operation.The Clinic provides services at the University of South Australia City West campus and outreach services at the PortAdelaide and Elizabeth Magistrates Courts, and the Health Justice Clinic at the Salvation Army community support centreAdelaide. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic the Clinic found it necessary to cease operation of face-to-face outreachservices on 23rd March 2020. However, the Clinic has been able to continue to assist the wider South Australiancommunity with the introduction of videoconference and telephone appointment services.The Legal Advice Clinic is an instrumental part of the law program, where all University of South Australia law studentscan choose a placement in the Clinic. The Clinic continues to be recognised nationally if not internationally as providing a‘best practice’ model for clinical legal education. To date, the Clinic has provided a placement to over 486 law students.Forty-eight students completed a placement in the Clinic in 2020, and the value of pro bono work provided during thattime has been calculated as 109,741.The Clinic is staffed by Matthew Atkinson (Senior Lecturer and Managing Solicitor), Paraskevi Kontoleon (Lecturer andSupervising Solicitor), Ricardo Villegas (Senior Lecturer and Supervising Solicitor), Daniel Wasiewicz (Supervising Solicitor)and Debra Morriss (Academic Services Officer: Legal Advice Clinic). The Law Foundation of South Australia Inc has assistedthe Clinic in maintaining its current staff resources. The assistance of the Law Foundation is greatly appreciated and hasbeen critical for the proper functioning of the Clinic and its outreach programs.We are very proud that the UniSA Legal Advice Clinic helps to advance access to justice in South Australia, while providingour students with the opportunity to develop their professional skills and to help make people’s lives better.SincerelyProfessor Vicki Waye,Dean of LawPage 5
MANAGING SOLICITOR’S REPORTThe Legal Advice Clinic continues to play an important role in the justice landscape of South Australia. In 2020, we passedthe 2.2M milestone of pro bono legal work provided to the community. Commencing operation almost a decade ago,we’ve assisted thousands of South Australians and provided hundreds of UniSA law students an opportunity toexperience the law in action. These two pillars – education of law students and service to the community – are theessence of our work. In late March 2020 when the country went into lockdown, the Legal Advice Clinic had this essencechallenged. Lockdown was problematic for our service (and indeed most clinical legal education programs across thecountry) because providing services to the community and educating law students necessitates connection between lawstudents, clinic supervisors and members of the public who need legal help.When our Clinic first moved to a working from home arrangement, clinic supervisors and students continued to helpclients by communicating by telephone and email. The clinic supervisor would interview and communicate with clientson the telephone. The client’s instructions and documents were then passed onto the students for them to do the work.Getting clients wasn’t a problem. There was no shortage of people who needed help with everything from tenancy todomestic violence, to a flood of consumer disputes where people were seeking a refund on cancelled travel plans. Theproblem our service had was with having students communicate directly with clients in a confidential manner in asupervised environment. At the Legal Advice Clinic, students interview clients in pairs under close supervision of a legalpractitioner. Students are not permitted to provide any advice to a client without having it approved by the supervisor.This means that students must move between speaking with a client and a supervisor during the interview; thesupervisor is not present in the interview room. Obviously, the logistics of this arrangement are problematic when thestudents, supervisor and client are confined to their respective houses.I’m of the view that students should take responsibility for communication with clients. Students in traditional law schoolcurriculum courses are trained to solve legal problems on paper. After students read a pile of court judgments on aparticular area of law, law teachers come up with weird and whacky scenarios that require students to discuss the legalposition of those involved in that weird and whacky problem. Generally, law students are pretty good at solving legalproblems on paper, especially when they’re in their last year of study. What law students are not that good at is solvinglegal problems when they involve speaking to a human with a legal problem. At the Legal Advice Clinic, students learnabout humans and their legal problems. They learn about the law in its broader context and see how the law impactsindividuals and the community. Students discover that complexity in legal work is not generally with the legal problembut rather with helping the client. Let me give you a crude example. Legally, when someone has punched somebody inPage 6
MANAGING SOLICITOR’S REPORTthe face, the legal answer is generally straightforward – it’s assault. However, communicating effectively and ethicallywith someone who has been charged with assault about their options, especially when they have never been to court,and don’t think that they’ve done anything wrong when the evidence suggests otherwise, is not straightforward. This isespecially the case when you’re still in law school and have not had any experience with this kind of situation. Suchexperience when it is accompanied by a structured opportunity to reflect on its meaning in legal practice and the broadercontext provides rich opportunities for learning. This is what the Legal Advice Clinic and clinical legal education is allabout.So how does one get a pair of law students to interview a client under the supervision of a legal practitioner wheneveryone is in their own home? The answer is not Zoom but something similar. The Clinic used videoconferencingsoftware called, NeoRehab. This software is used by medical and allied health practitioners and it uses encrypted point topoint technology, which ensures that the confidentiality of communication is maintained. Although NeoRehab runs in asimilar manner to Zoom, students can interview the client then use a breakout room to speak with the supervisor duringthe interview.The Legal Advice Clinic used NeoRehab exclusively during one teaching period this year and has continued to use it with amix of in person and telephone appointments since returning to campus. This initiative has proven to be a success.Through interviewing on a video platform, we’re able to assist a wider range of people. Students have been able to seewhat access to justice means in ways they have not considered. It opens discussion about the provision of legal servicesin regional and remote areas. It provides for discussion about the provision of legal services to people who are mobilityimpaired and cannot easily access in person legal services. This has been one up-side to the Covid-19 pandemic. Ourresponse has ultimately allowed us to expand our reach in providing legal services. It also has provided for new andrelevant educational experience for students – no doubt, operating in a digital environment will continue to become anever-increasing part of the legal landscape.While I hope for a more settled 2021 and beyond, I’m very proud that the Legal Advice Clinic has continued to play animportant role in providing access to justice and educating law students throughout the Covid 19 pandemic.SincerelyMatthew AtkinsonSenior Lecturer/Managing SolicitorPage 7
STAFFMatthew Atkinson is a Senior Lecturer and the Managing Solicitor of the Legal AdviceClinic. He has been involved in the Legal Advice Clinic since its inception and his teachingexperience includes Clinical Legal Education, Criminal Law, Legal Ethics, Legal Skills:Interviewing and Work Integrated Learning. Matthew holds a Bachelor of Business (BBUS)from Charles Darwin University and a Bachelor of Laws and Legal Practice (LLB/LP Hons)from Finders University. He is currently undertaking a Graduate Diploma in DigitalEducation where he intends to build on his current research interests in clinical legaleducation and ethics in a digital era.Matthew has extensive experience in the legal profession and the community legal centresector, having practised in a variety of areas of law including family law, criminal law,consumer credit law and dispute resolution. Prior to taking up his current positionMatthew was the Principal Solicitor at the Northern Community Legal Service Inc, and hehas worked in the community legal centre sector for approximately ten years. Matthewhas significant experience in providing legal assistance at the coal face with some of themost vulnerable people in our community.Matthew’s current research interests include clinical legal education, experiential learning,access to justice and criminal law. Matthew has published numerous journal articles on avariety of areas of law, legal ethics and legal education.Matthew is a member of the Indigenous Law Students Mentoring Committee and the LawSociety of South Australia.Ricardo Villegas is a Senior Lecturer and a Supervising Solicitor at the Legal Advice Clinic.He has supervised students in the Legal Advice Clinic since 2020, shortly after beginninghis employment at the University of South Australia. As a Supervising Solicitor at the LegalAdvice Clinic, Ricardo aims to inspire students to find their true passion. He creates acompassionate and efficient work environment where students are given autonomyand respect.Ricardo’s current research interests lie in the very act of learning and how students canbest capture the valuable skills essential for their thriving future. He is passionate aboutthe art of visual teaching in law. In the Legal Advice Clinic, Ricardo has put his visual designskills that he uses in his other courses that include commercial and partnership law togood use. He has created visual workflow maps that allow students in the Legal AdviceClinic to track their progress on any given matter. He also uses other visual tools to helpstudents develop an understanding of the legal concepts involved with a matter beforethey dive into the details of legal analysis.Previous to joining UniSA, Ricardo practised in migration law and was also a lecturer in lawin Sydney. He is a current member of the Law Society of SA and takes a keen interest inproviding access to justice to persons who cannot otherwise obtain legal help in theirlocal community.Page 8
STAFFParaskevi Kontoleon is a Lecturer and Supervising Solicitor of the Legal Advice Clinic,who has always had a keen interest in undertaking pro bono work. She graduated from theUniversity of Adelaide with a Bachelor of Laws (Honours), Bachelor of Arts and GraduateDiploma in Languages (Modern Greek), and has practised as a Solicitor since 2005. Prior tojoining the Legal Advice Clinic in 2014, Paraskevi worked as a legal practitioner in the fieldof civil litigation.Since commencing employment with the University of South Australia, Paraskevi hastaught a variety of law courses. Despite her main role being in teaching, Paraskevi is anactive researcher in the fields of Education, Intellectual Property and Clinical LegalEducation. She is the author of a book entitled ‘Music and the Law’. Paraskevi is an avidsupporter and contributor to the entertainment and arts scene in South Australia. She is amusician, and features in a number of local bands playing in Adelaide.Daniel Wasiewicz is a Supervising Solicitor in the Legal Advice Clinic. He graduated fromthe University of South Australia with a Bachelor of Laws in 2012. Having worked previouslyas a generalist Solicitor in a regional community legal centre in the South AustralianRiverland and currently as a generalist Solicitor at the Northern Community Legal Servicein Salisbury, he brings an extensive range of expertise in many areas of the law. He isinterested in the importance of access to justice for every member of the community andstrives to ensure that a high level of legal expertise is available to those who are the mostvulnerable. Having previously been a student advisor at the University of South Australia’sLegal Advice Clinic while studying law in 2012, Daniel is extremely well versed in how theclinic operates and is able to relate to and teach the student advisors as they embark ontheir future within the legal profession.Debra Morriss has been providing support to students and staff at the University of SouthAustralia in a variety of roles since January 2012. In her current position she providesadministrative support for the operations of the Legal Advice Clinic. Debra is alsoresponsible for arranging law student placements in host organisations, including stategovernment legal services, private law firms, community legal centres and other justiceoriented non-government organisations.Page 9
STUDENT ADVISORSStudent feedback“Choosing to enrol in the Legal Advice Clinic was afantastic decision, as it provided an authentic and firsthand introduction to legal practice whilst being within thefamiliar walls of the campus. The opportunity afforded tostudent advisors to personally interact with clientsthrough the interview process allowed me to develop andbuild upon my professional skillset; and the varied rangeof matters meant that no two days were ever the same. Asintimidating the prospect of legal practice may be, theability to work with peers and under the watchful gaze ofsupervisor Daniel, whose experienced observations andno-nonsense but charming demeanor made for a relaxedand enjoyable environment that truly allowed me todisplay my skills. For this experience to be available as apart of my degree made the choice a no-brainer; and thepractical experience in file maintenance, clientcorrespondence and the processes involved in legalpractice have positioned me well to help transition intoIn 2018, the Legal Advice Clinic became part of theprofessional life. I would highly recommend the LegalHonours capstone courses. The Clinic is now anAdvice Clinic to all law students.”instrumental part of the law program, where all Universityof South Australia law students can choose a placement inthe Clinic at its City West campus and outreach services.A clinical placement in the Legal Advice Clinic providesfinal year law students with the opportunity to do legalwork under the supervision of qualified legal practitioners.Undertaking the role of Student Advisor in the Clinic,equips students with the experience they need to meetclients’ needs once they begin their professional career.Students Advisors gain invaluable experience ininterviewing clients, taking relevant notes, maintainingfiles, conducting research, drafting documents andproviding written advice. During their clinical placement,students have the opportunity to discuss issues includinglegal ethics, professionalism, access to justice, and the roleof the law and lawyers. 2020 was another busy andsuccessful year for the Legal Advice Clinic with 48 studentsundertaking a Clinic placement. To date, the Clinic hasprovided placements to over 491 law students since itopened its doors in 2011.Page 10Student Advisor, Jacob Stevens“Undertaking placement at the Clinic was the bestdecision I could have made. Feeling hesitant to enter legalpractice with no prior practical legal experience was adaunting concept to me, and so, easing my way into theindustry - in a relaxed, hands-on and invigoratingenvironment was the perfect way to settle my nerves andcommence my journey into the legal profession (props tosupervisor Daniel for his easy-going attitude andintellectual insights which heavily assisted in this). Everyweek reaped new rewards when interviewing clients andlistening to their stories, not only thrusting myinterviewing skills into the spotlight, but strengthening mycapacity to research and manage client files. I could notrecommend the Clinic enough, as I believe that thisexperience has put me in perfect stead to move leaps andbounds upon embarking into real-life practice."Student Advisor, Isabella Candeloro
TEACHING INNOVATIONSUsing Blogs to Develop ReflectivePractice and Writing SkillsLegal Advice Clinic is a clinical legal education coursedesigned to give law students an opportunity to reflectand think critically about the law. The course focuses onaccess to justice, the role of lawyers and connects thepractise of law to broader social and economic contexts.Students are encouraged to reflect not only on theirperformance but on how law can be utilised to promote ajust society. Experience plus reflection equals education.Teaching and facilitating reflective practice and writing in alaw course is challenging. Students are generallyunfamiliar with these activities and the Legal Advice Cliniccourse is often the first time they are exposed to them.Writing in first person, thinking about one’s feelingstowards law and experience in it, is very different tothinking analytically about judicial pronouncement of legalprinciple and its application to a case. Each year, ourteachers (like many other teachers in clinical legaleducation) need to help students with their ideas forreflection because they “don’t know what to talk about” orassure them that their reflected topics are “ok”.To learn more about this research and to generate furtherideas for promoting reflective learning, please see:Matthew Atkinson and Margaret Castles, ‘Blogging,Journaling and Reflective Writing: A Snapshot of Students'Preferences and Perceptions from Two AustralianUniversities’ (2020) 27(2) International Journal of ClinicalLegal Education 155.To help students develop their reflective practice andwriting skills, blogging has been utilised in the LegalAdvice Clinic. Blogging is popular among some studentsand fosters a shared, collegial learning environment. Itpermits peer-to-peer reflection and immediate peer-topeer (and teacher) feedback. This year, Margaret Castles(University of Adelaide) and Matthew Atkinson publishedresearch into the pedagogical benefits of using blogs inclinical legal education. Their findings suggest that someof the traditional ideas about privacy and self-disclosure inreflective writing are not of significant concern to students,who see benefit in sharing experiences with each other aspart of a learning community.Page 11
WHAT WE DOAdvice and AssistanceThe Clinic provides free confidential legal advice in a variety of areas of law, including criminal, family law, civil disputes,car accidents and fines, debt claims and consumer disputes, fencing and other neighbour disputes. The Legal AdviceClinic has provided legal assistance to over 2,471 South Australians since it opened its doors in 2011.As at 31 December 2020, the Clinic had provided in excess of 2.2M worth of pro bono legal advice to clients sincecommencement of its operation in 2011, with 109,741 being in the 12 months from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.Matter TypesMATTER TYPESJANUARY 2020 TO DECEMBER 2020**Other CivilTenancyNeighbourhood DisputeMotor Vehicle Property DamageIntervention OrdersGovt / AdminFinesFamily LawEmploymentDiscriminati onCriminalContractConsumer Dispute / Compl aint*Consumer CreditCommercial TransactionalCommercial LitigiousArts0510152025* Consumer Credit: Includes advice and assistance concerning a person’s rights in respect to personal loans, credit cards, mortgages and other credit contracts.** Other Civil: Matters listed in this category relate to subject matters that fall outside of the other listed matter types.Page 12
WHAT WE DOThe process of student interaction with clients:STAGE 1: PRE-INTERVIEWStudent TrainingClient AppointmentsInterviewAll student advisors undertake rigorous training,Clinic appointments are generally made byInterviews take place via videoconference,complete confidentiality undertakings andtelephone, and student advisors are responsibletelephone or in person. For in person interviewsbecome familiar with the clinic’s policies andfor this process. When student advisors make anthe student advisors ensure that the interviewprocedures together with relevant professionalappointment, they ask basic questions toroom is in order and the table and chairs arerules and guidelines. Additionally, all studentsascertain if the Clinic is able to assist. Thearranged in a way so as to safely conduct thewho undertake placements in the Clinic muststudents then conduct a conflict check. If theinterview.first complete a compulsory ‘Lawyers, Ethics andClinic is unable to assist, student advisorsSociety’ course, which is part of their Bachelor ofprovide referrals to other organisations, whichLaws degree.may be able to help.STAGE 2: INTERVIEWFirst Stage of InterviewSecond Stage of InterviewThird Stage of InterviewFouth Stage of InterviewStudent advisors greet the client,The client explains their matter toStudents consult with the ClinicStudents return any originalintroduce themselves and tellthe student advisors. The studentssupervisor and also present thedocuments to the client andthem about the Clinic. Studentrecord accurate notes and confirmclient’s documentation. The Clinicprovide the client with adviceadvisors explain the interviewtheir understanding of the mattersupervisor helps the student advisorsapproved by the Clinic supervisor.process to the client, and that theywith the client. If the client has anyto decide what advice should beIf the client gives furtherare closely supervised by a legaldocumentation relating to theirgiven to the client. Students takeinstructions, students return to thepractitioner. All clients are requiredmatter, students also go through thisnotes regarding the discussion withClinic supervisor to discuss theseto sign a retainer agreement, whichinformation with the client. Once thethe Clinic supervisor and provide thenew instructions. No advice can besets out the terms of the Clinic’sstudents have an understanding ofadvice that has been approved byprovided to the client without theassistance.the client’s matter, they let the clientthe Clinic supervisor.Clinic supervisor’s approval.know that they must confer with theClinic supervisor.STAGE 3: FILE MANAGEMENTPost Interview ActionsClient CorrespondenceClinic FeedbackStudent advisors ensure all necessary forms areAll correspondence is approved by the ClinicClients and students are asked to providecomplete, diarise any follow up appointments,supervisor to ensure that it meets the necessaryfeedback to the Clinic so that the service can becritical dates and a review date. Studentsprofessional standards prior to being sent tocontinually improved and the educationalundertake research regarding the client’s legalthe client.experience is developed and enhanced.issues, type up file notes and draft an ‘Initialletter’ to the client (if appropriate).Page 13
CITY WEST CAMPUS CLINICCity West ClinicThe Legal Advice Clinic commenced its operations at the University of South Australia City West campus, in February 2011.The student-run, in-house Clinic equips students with the legal skills and knowledge required for the practice of law.City West and Outreach Clinics - Matters by Teaching TermJanuary 2020 to December 202080706050403020100Term 1City West ClinicPage 14Term 2Outreach ClinicsTerm 3Remote Service Delivery
OUTREACH SERVICESPort Adelaide OutreachElizabeth OutreachThe Port Adelaide Outreach operates as a drop-in serviceThe Elizabeth Outreach operates at the Elizabethon Wednesday during teaching term. The outreach serviceMagistrates Court during the Investigation Summonsprovides advice on a range of matters to unrepresentedHearings. It is run in collaboration with the Northernpersons appearing before the Port Adelaide MagistratesCommunity Legal Service and other financial counsellingCourt. Student Advisors gain extensive experience whileservices to complement the advice provided by the Clinic.helping members of the community navigate courtStudent Advisors assisted clients with consumer debtprocesses, and understand their legal rights andrelated matters.obligations.Health Justice ClinicThis student led initiative is possibly an Australian first andit involves a cohort of health and law students workingtogether in providing services to the public. In addition toproviding a much-needed services, it has also allowedUniSA to engage in cross-disciplinary research to assessthe feasibility and the legal need for a Health Justice Clinic.Page 15
SERVICE DELIVERY DURING PANDEMICDelivery of services during Covid-19 pandemicDue to the Covid-19 pandemic, UniSA decided temporarily to cease all face-to-face teaching on Monday, 23 March 2020.This decision had an immediate, significant impact on the Legal Advice Clinic’s ability to see clients and supervise lawstudents at City West campus and its outreach services at two Magistrates’ Courts and Salvation Army offices in the CBD.For the Legal Advice Clinic to continue its operations it would need to do so remotely.At the outset, students were supervised remotely, and supervisors led all communication with clients by telephone andemail. With this new arrangement it became clear that for the Legal Advice Clinic to continue to be a student-led service,it would need to quickly develop an online service delivery model. Through networking with the UniSA Health Clinics,NeoRehab videoconferencing software, which enables confidential face-to-face discussion and document exchangethrough an online medium, was discovered. This videoconference platform encrypts all video data end-to-end to keepinformation safe and private. The platform is fully compliant with international standards including the HIPAA standard(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 1996) and conforms to the strictest requirements around data privacyand security which is designed to safeguard medical information.In early April 2020, the Legal Advice Clinic began testing how it could use the NeoRehab videoconference platform todeliver tele-law services. From this initial testing, it appeared the videoconferencing platform would be suitable for itsoperations. With generous financial support from the Law Foundation of SA, the Legal Advice Clinic was able to proceedwith students conducting videoconference interviews with clients under close supervision until they were able to returnto campus i
The Legal Advice Clinic is an instrumental part of the law program, where all University of South Australia law students can choose a placement in the Clinic. The Clinic continues to be recognised nationally if not internationally as providing a 'best practice' model for clinical legal education. To date, the Clinic has provided a placement .
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Clinic County Clinic Name Clinic Address Clinic City Clinic Zip Participant County Participant Gender Enrollment Status Fax Received Date BLACK HAWK CHRIST, MEREDITH - IAM 1015 S HACKETT RD WATERLOO 50701 BLACK HAWK Female Unreachable 4/21/2014
The Legal Advice Clinic is an instrumental part of the law program, where all University of South Australia law students can choose a placement in the Clinic. The Clinic continues to be recognised nationally if not internationally as providing a 'best practice' model for clinical legal education. To date, the Clinic has provided a placement .
If asking for legal advice, say so, and start new email chain If giving legal advice, say so Involve lawyers (before litigation contemplated) Maintain confidentiality of legal advice documents Limit dissemination of legal advice (need to know; original only) Make internal communications re legal advice factual
advice strategically is likely to be a different experi-ence for the advice seeker than seeking advice with the intention of using it, from the advisor’s perspec-tive, strategic advice seeking may elicit the same per-ceptual effects as authentic advice seeking because the advice seeker’s intentions (and her reliance on advice)
In October 2011, London South Bank University opened a new Drop-In Legal Advice Clinic where law student volunteers - working under the supervision of practising solicitors - provide free, on-the-spot, face-to-face legal advice to the general public. This manual is based upon our first year of operation. It is primarily aimed at
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