WyCEHG: Linking Surface Hydrology And Groundwater Through .
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsWyCEHG: Linking surface hydrology andgroundwater through near-surface geophysicsScott Miller and Steve HolbrookUniversity of WyomingCUAHSI CyberseminarApril 12, 2013
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsTalk Outline What is WyCEHG? (“Y-Keg”) Goals of WyCEHG New Infrastructure: Human and physical Science Plans Preliminary Results
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsWhat is WyCEHG?A center of excellence in environmental hydrology and hydrogeophysics that serves waterscience and watershed management in Wyoming by providing cutting-edge tools tomanagers, scientists and educators in the public and private sectors. Funded by a 5-year, 20 M grant from NSF-EPSCoR (plus 4 M match from UW). EPSCoR Track-1 Research Infrastructure Improvement grant Collaboration among: 8 UWyo departments in 4 colleges, 3 Wyoming community colleges, 26 faculty (so far)Two major facilities: The Facility for Imaging the Near- and Sub-surface Environment (FINSE): Geophysical Equipment The Surface and Subsurface Hydrology Lab (SSHL): Hydrological EquipmentPrivate sector involvement: internships and long-term geophysical facility supportPlanned science in Focus Sites around WyomingLong-term: Transition to a self-supporting, national facility for hydrogeophysics a CUAHSI Hydrogeophysics Facility? Find us at: www.uwyo.edu/WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsScience Goals1. How do hydrological systems respond to change? oil and gas development bark beetle infestations fires, floods, climate change2. How do snow processes, particularly moisturecontent (SWE) and the timing of snowmelt, affectthe downstream system? Linkages across space and time. Teleconnectionswith impacts to water resource management3. What information and approaches are needed toupscale from the point scale to the watershed scalein hydrological modeling?
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsAddressing Key Hydrologic Questions Closing the gap in the water budget Fate and transport of water in a mountainousenvironments Fracture flow Partitioning of water into surface / soil / groundwater Better information for water resource management We live in uncertain times with changing runoff response –how will systems and people respond? Surface observation is not enough Need to couple disciplines, build better models Look into the subsurface and better describe the totalsystem
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsNew InfrastructureNational EPSCoR Goals: “Provide strategic programs andopportunities for EPSCoR participants that stimulate sustainableimprovements in their R&D capacity and competitiveness” Human Infrastructure: New Hires (permanent) Physical Infrastructure: Geophysics and hydrology equipment Cyberinfrastructure: Databases and HPC
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsHuman InfrastructureFacility ManagersElizabeth Traver, SSHLBrad Carr, FINSENew Faculty Hires1. Snow Hydrologist: Noriaki Ohara2. Hydrogeophysicist (search underway)3. Integrated Modeler4. Petrophysicist
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsHuman InfrastructureGraduate StudentsTen supported each yearPostdocsMehrez Elwaseif (geophysics)Search open for 3 more: contact us!Undergraduate Research Fellowships25 each semesterDistinguished Visiting Sabbatical FellowsThree fellowships ( 33 K) available for 2013 or2014: contact us!
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsWyCEHG Teams (and Team Leaders)Integrated Modeling (Ye Zhang)- Surface/ subsurface hydrology connections through new high-performance computing modelsComponent Modeling (Thijs Kelleners)- Quantify spatial and temporal distribution of water balance components in a target watershedCritical Zone Processes (Cliff Riebe)- Quantify processes and properties of surface and near subsurface, i.e., the “Critical Zone”Geophysical Modeling (Po Chen)- Develop new methods for inverting geophysical data to determine subsurface propertiesHydrogeophysics (Steve Holbrook)- Acquire, analyze, and integrate near-surface geophysical data in focus sitesMountain Lakes and Climate (Bryan Shuman)- Quantify Holocene water-level history through stratigraphic, isotopic, and geophysical studies of mountain lakesDisturbances and Fluxes (Scott Miller and Ginger Paige)- Predict impacts of climate and development on water distribution to improve water management and planningGeochemical Tracers (Bob Hall and Dave Williams)- Develop tracer methods to elucidate pathways, residence times, and geochemical transport of water movementSnowmelt Partitioning (Nori Ohara)- Understand snow redistribution and snowmelt partitioning between subsurface flow and streamflowBark Beetle Impacts (Brent Ewers)- Understand hydrological and ecological impacts of bark beetle kills at the watershed scale
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsWhat is Hydrogeophysics?The application of geophysics to hydrological problems.http://czo.colorado.edu/inter/index.shtml
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsHydrogeophysics: Pros and ConsAdvantages Images of subsurface structure andphysical properties over large areas Identification of potential flowpathways, aquifers and aquitards Inferences (or, with NMR,measurements) of subsurface waterdistributionDisadvantages We generally measure physicalproperties (e.g., seismic velocity,dielectric constant, electrical resistivity),not hydrological parameters (saturation,porosity, hydraulic conductivity) Thus we need transfer functions viapetrophysical relationships uncertaintyMinsley et al., 2012, GRL
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsNew Infrastructure: HydrologySurface, subsurface & eco-hydrologic observations.Nested watershed design: stream gaging, shallow and deep GW, climateobservations, flux towers (4), snow sensors (ultrasonic, pillows, Gammaray SWE), StreamPro ADCP; soil moisture .Hydroecological observations: isotope and other tracer studies ; SUNA UVNitrate; stream oxygen; rhodamine; new membrane inlet mass spec; realtime field isotope sampling on towers and rivers; plant hydraulics Technology: high performance computing (NWSC, CI-WATER); groundbased and airborne LiDAR; remote sensing; field and lab-based science
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and Geophysics
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsGPRMicrogravitySub-bottom Profilerwww.mnemotrix.comSeismic C ResistivityMagnetic ResonanceSounding
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsCapacitively CoupledResistivityComplex ResistivityDownholeMagneticsSeismic ReflectionElectromagnetic InductionLogging
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and Geophysics2013 Summer Field Course inEcohydrology and HydrogeophysicsPartnership with Jackson State Exchange of students and faculty Alternate years in Wyoming &Mississippi; exposure to differentlandscapes This year: Snowy and LaramieRanges, SE Wyoming in June 2-credit course Multiple DisciplinesGeophysicsHydrologyTracers and isotopesEco-hydrologyField and lab basedTechniques, data, analyses
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsScience Initiatives – Conceptual Approach10 Research Groups – but notIndependent Actors Goal: all field research shouldincorporate teams fromtracers, ecohydrology,hydrology & geophysicsField data feed all projectteams and the modelinggroups, who provide insight tothe field campaignOpen data access policies andrigorous commitment toQA/QC, storage & outcomebased effortLift the entire community ofscholars
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsFocus Sites in Wyoming
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsYear 1: Build Local PlatformsWhy build local watersheds?1. Interesting research questions2. Need to have a local test bed for equipment3. Summer field course, UW coursework field components4. Test out ideas, equipment and then launch into the State
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSnowy Range Field Sites North Platte Drainage Nested sample design High mountain to valley Snow-driven Fracture flows Managed water Beetle-kill pervasive Local field site Summer field course
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSnowy Range: Fate of Water in a Changing System Goal is to monitor andinterpret changes in flow andpartitioning of snowmelt,rainfall in Wyoming streams Response to GCC, beetle kill,management Look for changes in surface &subsurface fluxes Fracture control Geophysics, tracers Nested watershed design Target critical hydrologic &ecologic locations Synpotic runs Partner with USFS, share datawith FS, WY G&F Private landowners ascooperators for site locations Outreach to agencies, citizensthrough hydrologic extension
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Subsurface Flows South Platte Drainage Nested sample design Snow-dominated high hillsvalley Snow-driven Fracture flows Managed water Beetle-kill pervasive Local field site Summer field course
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Plot Watershed Basin 4 sites Each has (4) 2x6 m plots Tipping bucket rain gages Soil Moisture Probes Surface and subsurfaceflow experiments Tracers Geophysics
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Plot Watershed Basin 2 Large (67 and 23 km2)watersheds 5 additional smaller subwatersheds nested withinthe 2 larger watersheds Automated depthmeasurements Stream dischargemeasurements
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics?High degree of variability in soils,topography, micro climate, andvegetation within the study area.
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics?More variability; from very xericsites to broad riparian habitats.Capturing this variability becomes keyto modeling the Crow Creek watershed.Upscaling is major challenge to closing thewater balance. Scant overland flow and longlags challenge assumptions of watershedbehavior. Need to inform models.
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics?15 cm depth30 cm depth40 cm depthJuly storm event2.7 in. stormHigh rainfall intensity ( 4 in/hr)
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics?Time to PeakStormflow durationOverland flow durationTime to start of overland flowBase flowPeak flow11 hours34.5 hours5 hours10 minutes0.2 cfs1.1 cfs
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics?Time to PeakStormflow durationOverland flow durationTime to start of overland flow13.5 hours40.5 hours3 hours10 minutes
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range: Why Hydrology & Geophysics? Even high intensity / volume rainfall events do not penetrateto 40 cm depth in our plotsLittle overland flow observed over several years ofobservationHydrographs show a subsurface dominated system 95% lateral / soil / saprolite flow Uncertain transport pathways
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsPreliminary Results: Geophysics Southern Sierra CZO, California: Subsurfaceporosity (and weathering?) distribution Laramie Range, Wyoming: Fracture flowpathways
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSouthern Sierra CZO
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSouthern Sierra CZOPorosity and Water Storage Capacity of SaproliteSeismic velocity in the near surface is strongly controlled by porosity ( degree of weatheringin hard rocks). By using a rock physics model, we can predict subsurface porosity over largeareas from seismic velocities.
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsGPR Images of Fractures in (Weathered) GraniteWhat would a GPR image of fractures like this look like?Vedauwoo, Wyomingrussell.primeau, via Google Earth
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsGPR Images of Fractures in (Weathered) GraniteJames St. Clair, WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range Field Site
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range Field Site
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range Field Site
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsLaramie Range Field Site
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsGPR Image: Line 30What causes strong reflections?Pit (1 m)James Ramsay, WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSoil Pit along GPR line: clay layer (filled fracture?) in saproliteJames Ramsay, WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSoil Pit along GPR line: clay layer (filled fracture?) in saproliteJames Ramsay, WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsGPR Image: Line 30The clay layer (0.8 m depth) corresponds to the strong reflectionPit (1 m)James Ramsay, WyCEHG
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsResistivity ModelDipole Dipole and Wenner Array42Depth, m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140102030405060708090100110Distance, m100Brad Carr, WyCEHG48016754300Resistivity, ohm m15000
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsResistivity Model with GPR reflectorsDipole Dipole and Wenner Array42Flow pathways?Depth, m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140102030405060708090100110Distance, m100Brady Flinchum, Brad Carr, James Ramsay, WyCEHG48016754300Resistivity, ohm m15000
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSeismic Velocity contoursSeismic Velocity40.28920.512Depth, m00.289 20.512 4 60.7350.958 858 101 . 1810.91.404 121.627 141.850102030405060708090100110Distance, mSeismic velocity may say more aboutweathering than about fracturing.10048016754300Resistivity, ohm m15000
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSeismic Attenuation TomographyNote that seismic attenuation shows much more structure than seismic velocity: What isattenuation telling us?
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSeismic Attenuation contoursAttenuation 80.53320.08747400.23 .38466320.530.080.236 60.384686840. 30.0874Depth, m0.0874819 40.60.97 20.23600.53320.087420.681840.2360.846 122360.3 10 140102030405060708090100110Distance, mSeismic attenuation may be a more sensitiveindicator of fracturing (and water saturation?).(Note this is very preliminary.)10048016754300Resistivity, ohm m15000
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsSummary and OutlookThrough WyCEHG we seek to establish: Nationally significant facilities in near surface geophysics and hydrology Interdisciplinary, cross-institutional teams focused on transformingwater research in Wyoming A comprehensive external engagement program that includesstakeholders and new tools for decision-makers in water management A workforce development program that will train students and connectthem to industry internships An open-access, national facility for hydrogeophysics that will includestate-of-the-art instrumentation and will be sustained by an industryendowment Cutting-edge computational research that makes use of the new NCARWyoming Supercomputing Center
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsAcknowledgementsNational Science Foundation Major funding provided by the NSF Experimental Program to StimulateCompetitive Research (EPSCoR) http://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div epscEPSCoR Project Office (uwyo.edu/epscor) Project Director and Lead PI: Anne Sylvester EPSCoR Staff: S. Konrad, R. Matlock, T. Haskell, L. Abeyta, B. Cable, K. McCrackinUniversity of Wyoming Partial funding provided by University of Wyoming, Office of Research andEconomic Development Outstanding WyCEHG scientists, students, and staff, too many to list here but aterrific team. See them here: http://www.uwyo.edu/epscor/wycehg/people/
Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and GeophysicsContact Us Web presence: www.uwyo.edu/wycehg Keep up with Wyoming EPSCoR via our blog:http://wyomingepscor.blogspot.com/ Steve Holbrook: steveh@uwyo.edu Scott Miller: snmiller@uwyo.edu
New Infrastructure: Hydrology Surface, subsurface & eco-hydrologic observations. Nested watershed design: stream gaging, shallow and deep GW, climate observations, flux towers (4), snow sensors (ultrasonic, pillows, Gamma-ray SWE), StreamPro ADCP; soil moisture . Hydroecological observations: isotope and other tracer studies ; SUNA UV
with the LACDPW Hydrology Manual. The soil type used is No. 10 and the 50year, 24hour ‐‐ isohyet is 5 inches per Appendix B Sheet 1H1.7 of‐ LACDPW Hydrology Manual (2006). The isohyets for WQV and 25year storms are converted by multiplication factors per Table 5.3.1 of ‐ LACDPW Hydrology Manual.
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Online Training Materials 14: Introduction to Arable Field Margins www.NPMS.org.uk Email: Support@npms.org.uk Produced by Kevin Walker for the NPMS in July 2020
