Nutrient Removal In Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs)
Nutrient Removal in Sequencing BatchReactors (SBRs)Webinar for Tennessee WastewaterTreatment Plant OperatorsMarch 3, 2021Grant Weaver, PE & wastewater ps.com1
Strategies for OptimizingNutrient RemovalWeek 1: Nitrogen RemovalWeek 2: Phosphorus RemovalWeek 3: N&P Review and Case StudiesWeek 4: N&P Removal in Oxidation DitchesToday: Nitrogen & Phosphorus Removalin SBRs (Sequencing Batch Reactors)Mar 10: N&P Removal in Conventional Activated SludgeMar 17: Brainstorming N&P RemovalOpportunities for Tennessee WastewaterTreatment Plants2
Rate your SBR knowledge3
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Step 1: Convert Ammonia (NH4) to Nitrate (NO3)Oxygen-rich Aerobic ProcessDon’t need BOD for bacteria to growBacteria are sensitive to pH and temperatureStep 2: Convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2)Oxygen-poor Anoxic ProcessDo need BOD for bacteria to growBacteria are hardy
Ammonia Removal st1 Step of N Removal
Step 1: Ammonia RemovalpH of 6.5 Plenty of DO: 2 mg/LORP of 150 mVLittle to no BOD4 hours retention time
Ammonia RemovalAmmonia (NH4) is converted to Nitrate (NO3)Ammonia(NH4)
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityH
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityNitrite(NO2)H
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityOxygen (O2)Nitrite(NO2)H
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityOxygen (O2)Nitrite(NO2)H Nitrate(NO3)
NitrateRemoval - 2ndStep of Nremoval
Step 2: Nitrate RemovalLittle to no measurable DOORP of -100 mV5-10 times as much BOD as Nitrate2 hours retention time
Nitrate RemovalNitrate(NO3)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)Nitrogen Gas(N2)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)OxygenNitrogen Gas(N2)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)OxygenNitrogen Gas(N2)AlkalinityAdds DO (dissolved oxygen)Consumes BOD Denitrifiers out compete bio-Pbugs for VFAs!Gives back alkalinity beneficially raises pH
Nitrogen RemovalDO: Dissolved OxygenORP: Oxygen Reduction PotentialMLSS: Mixed Liquor Suspended SolidsStep 1: Nitrification(Ammonia Removal)Step 1: Denitrification(Nitrate Removal) 100 mV or more Less than -100 mV1 mg/L or more2500 mg/L or moreBOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand6 or more hoursAlkalinity60 mg/L or moreHRT: Hydraulic Retention Timeless than 20 mg/LAlkalinity is lostNote: All numbers are approximations, “rules of thumb”Less than 0.2 mg/LSame1 or more hours100 mg/L or more VFAs preferred!Alkalinity is gained
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com23
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Biological Phosphorus RemovalStep 1: prepare “dinner”VFA (volatile fatty acids) production in anaerobic/fermentive conditions
Step 1: VFA ProductionORP of -200 mV or more negative25 times as much BOD as orthophosphateRetention time long enough to go septic
Biological Phosphorus RemovalStep 2: “eat”Bio-P bugs (PAOs, “phosphate accumulating organisms”) eat VFAs inanaerobic/fermentive conditions temporarily releasing more P into the water
Step 2: VFA uptake / P-releaseMLSS and VFAs in same tankORP of -200 mV or more negativeNitrate controlProcess control tool: 3 times as muchortho-P leaving tank as coming in
Biological Phosphorus RemovalStep 3: “breathe” and growBio-P bugs (PAOs) take in almost all of the soluble P in aerobicconditions as they grow and reproduce
Step 3: P-uptakeORP of 150 mV no more DO than forammonia removalpH of 7.0 Retention time enough to removeammoniaEnough BOD to support bacteria growth
Optimizing Bio-P Removal:Mainstream or Sidestream FermentationAnaerobic Tank2 hour HRT (hydraulic retention time)*ORP of -200 mV*25 times as much BOD as influent ortho-P*Ortho-P release (3 times influent ortho-P)*Aeration TankDO of 2.0 mg/LORP of 150 mVpH of 7.0 *Ortho-P concentration of 0.05 mg/L**Approximate: Every Plant is Different
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com33
Biological Phosphorus Removal:Mainstream Flow FermentationProcesses
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation nkAerationTankSecondaryClarifierSludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierGravityThickenerAnoxic -anoxic zone to Strengthen anaerobic conditions in anaerobic tankMinimize VFA use by denitrifying bacteria – the onesthat convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2) – by“feeding” influent to the denitrifiers.SludgeStorage
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com37
Biological Phosphorus Removal:Combined Sidestream & MainstreamFermentation
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation en Interference:Nitrate (NO3) will consume VFAsSludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierAnoxic ionTankSecondaryClarifierNo Nitrogen Interference!SludgeStorage
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com41
Getting creative Biological Phosphorus removalfrom plants not designed asEBPR (enhanced biologicalphosphorus removal) facilities42
Home Grown Sidestream ankSecondaryClarifierSludgeFermenterStorage
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com44
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Sequencing Batch ReactorsDesigned for Nitrogen RemovalMost not designed for Phosphorus Removal46
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewAmmonia (NH4) Removal: NitrificationSBR #1NH4SBR #2NO3Air ONIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewNitrate (NO3) Removal: DenitrificationSBR #1NO3SBR #2N2Air OFFIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewSettle, Decant & Waste SludgeSBR #1SBR #2Establish cycle times that arelong enough to provideoptimal habitats.And, short enough to allowall of the flow to be nitrifiedand denitrified.Decant /WasteAir ONSludge Storage
Optimizing SBR operations - Nitrogen RemovalToo shortWill not reach 100 mV for Ammonia (NH4) Removal.Will not reach -100 mV for Nitrate (NO3) Removal.Note: Temperature and BOD affect Air OFF cycle.Too longWastewater will pass through tank before all Ammonia (NH4) converted toNitrate (NO3).And, before all Nitrate (NO3) is converted to Nitrogen Gas (N2).Just rightGood habitats ORP of 100 mV for 60 minutesAnd, ORP of -100 mV for 30 minutes.
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com51
Where are you?52
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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewAmmonia (NH4) Removal: NitrificationSBR #1SBR #2Air ONIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewNitrate (NO3) Removal: DenitrificationSBR #1SBR #2Air OFFIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Side ViewSettle, Decant & Waste SludgeSBR #1SBR #2Decant /WasteAir ONSludge Storage
Getting Phosphorus Removal out of SBRsMainstreamExtend air-off cycle to drop ORP to -200 mVTurn off mixing to create anaerobic blanket during part of air-off cyclesProceed with caution: don’t let plant go septic!
Getting Phosphorus Removal out of SBRsSidestreamCreate sidestream fermenterCycle 10% of waste sludge (WAS) through fermenter, hold for 2-10 days,return to SBRIt works!
Sidestream Phosphorus Removalin a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)not designed for Phosphorus RemovalTOP VIEWSBR #1SBR #2SBR #3Sludge
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com60
SBR with pre-Anaerobic Zone(s)61
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) without Pre-Anaerobic ZoneTOP VIEWSBR #1SBR #2SBR #3Sludge
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with Pre-Anaerobic ZoneTOP VIEWSBR #1SBR #2SBR #3Sludge
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com64
Sequencing Batch ReactorsDesigned for Nitrogen RemovalMost not designed for Phosphorus RemovalEast Haddam, CTPratt, KSOsawatomie, KS65
East Haddam, Connecticut66
Pratt, KansasPopulation: 6,6001.0 MGD design flow67
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Osawatomie, KansasPopulation: 4,300MGD design flow75
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Sequencing Batch ReactorsDesigned for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal(Pre-Anaerobic Tank)Eldora, Iowa84
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with Pre-Anaerobic ZoneTOP VIEWSBR #1SBR #2SBR #3Sludge
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com86
Rate your SBR knowledge87
Oxidation Ditch Review88
Survey Question (soon):Which Oxidation Ditch is yours?89
Orbal Oxidation Ditch90
Oxidation Ditch with Anaerobic and Anoxic ZoneOxidation DitchAnoxic ZoneAnaerobicZone91
Oxidation Ditch with Anaerobic ZoneOxidation DitchAnaerobic Zone92
Oxidation Ditch with Anoxic ZoneOxidation DitchAnoxic Zone93
Oxidation Ditch with no Anoxic Zone and noAnaerobic ZoneOxidation Ditch94
Which Oxidation Ditch is Yours?95
AcknowledgementsMONTANA Paul LaVigne (DEQ retired) Pete Boettcher (DEQ) Josh Viall (DEQ) Eric Miller (Chinook) Keith Thaut (Conrad) Mark Fitzwater (Helena) TENNESSEE Karina Bynum (TDEC) Sherry Wang (TDEC) George Garden (TDEC) Jen Dodd (TDEC) Tom Graham (Cookeville) John Buford (Cookeville) Greg Hayes (Athens) Russell Coleman (Athens) Tony Wilkerson (Norris) Doug Snelson (Norris) Nick Cowan (LaFollette)KANSAS Tom Stiles (KDHE) Rod Geisler (KDHE retired) Shelly Shores-Miller (KDHE) Bruce Hurt(Osawatomie) Jeff Shanline (Pratt) James Gaunt (Great Bend) April Batt (Great Bend) ReubenMartin (Great Bend) Jason Cauley (Great Bend)IOWA Kelly Haskin (Eldora) EPA Paul Shriner (HQ) Tony Tripp (HQ) Tina Laidlaw (R8) Craig Hesterlee (R4) Brendon Held (R4) Timothy Elkins (R5) David Pfeifer (R5) Sydney Weiss (R5)WISCONSIN Matthew Claucherty (DNR) Amy Garbe (DNR) Laura Dietrich (DNR)ERG Lori Weiss Tessa Roscoe Morgan Collins and, many more!96
Optimizing Phosphorus Removal inConventional and ExtendedAeration WWTPs: Case StudiesWednesday, March 1010:00 - 11:45 AM Central TimeMarch 17: What We’ve Learned andBrainstorming P RemovalOpportunities at Your Plants
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.comComments &Questions98
Optimizing Bio -P Removal: Mainstream or Sidestream Fermentation. Anaerobic Tank. 2 hour HRT (hydraulic retention time)* ORP of -200 mV* 25 times as much BOD as influent ortho-P* Ortho-P release (3 times influent ortho-P)* *Approximate: Every Plant is Different. Aeration Tank DO of 2.0 mg/L. ORP of 150 mV. pH of 7.0 * Ortho-P concentration of .
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