PLANNING GUIDE Green Roof Basics - ZinCo Canada Inc.
PLANNING GUIDEGreen Roof Basics
Table of ContentsIntroductionThe Roofs of the Future are GreenWhy Have a Green Roof?Roof TechnologyVegetation Technology3459Extensive Green RoofsSystem Build-upSystem Build-upSystem Build-upSystem Build-upBiodiversitySystem Build-upSystem Build-upSystem Build-upSystem Build-up“Sedum Carpet”12“Irrigated Extensive Green Roof” 130 -Roof14“Inverted Green Roof”1516“Stormwater Management”17“Urban Climate Roof”18“Pitched Green Roof”19“Steep Pitched Green Roof”20Semi-Intensive Green RoofsSystem Build-up “Heather with Lavender”21Intensive Green RoofsSystem Build-up “Roof Garden”Irrigation and Substrate DepthSystem Build-up “Roof Garden”with Aquatec AT 45System Build-up “Urban Rooftop Farming”22232425Hybrid SolutionsGreen Roofs and Solar SystemsSafety Systems on Green RoofsGuardrails on RooftopsSystem Build-up “Walkways”“Low weight” Walkways on Roofs and TerracesSystem Build-up “Driveways”ZinCo Green Roofing Systems nowwith European Technical Assessment.262728293031
The Roofs of the Future are GreenRoofs are more than just “functionalcomponents” for the protection of thebuilding structure. Roofs give characterto individual buildings and entire citydistricts.Beyond that, roofs are more and moreconsidered as open resource areas. Theyattract urban planners looking for sociallyresponsible concepts that counteract theloss of natural living space and providesolutions for problems such as stormwatermanagement and urban heat island effectin densely populated cities.Green Roofs are extending the formallanguage of contemporary architectureand confer a new significance and valueon the concept of “Roof Landscape”:Nature – increasingly ousted by buildingsand paved surfaces – returns as anattractive green element in residential,recreational and working environments.Important soil functions such as watertransport are being lost due to groundsealing in towns and cities. Stormwater isless able to seep into the surface, therefore increasing the flood risk in the eventof heavy rainfall.Ongoing soil sealing has the additionaleffect, at the same time, of further heatingup inner cities in the summer. The reasonis that evaporation, which contributes toair cooling cannot take place from sealedsurfaces.A green roof can help here by retainingwater, providing moisture for the air andcreating a new habitat for plants, animalsand people.www.zinco-greenroof.com3
Why Have a Green Roof?Beyond their attractive visual nature, Green Roofs offer many undisputable benefits, both ecological and economical, provided theyare built with the right system.Bind Dust andToxic ParticlesIncreaseRainwater RetentionImproveNoise ProtectionGreen Roofs cool and humidifythe surrounding air. Thusthey contribute to improvingthe microclimate in urbancentres. This cooling effectsignificantly increases theperformance of air-conditioningsystems, reducing carbonemissions.Green Roof vegetationhelps to filter out dust andsmog particles. Nitrates andother harmful materials areabsorbed by the plants outof the air and rainfall andbound within the substrate.A Green Roof can reducewater run-off by 50–90%; anywater flows from the roof witha delay.Outlets, pipes and drainscan be reduced in capacity,thereby saving constructioncosts. Sewer costs can bereduced in some areas.Planted areas are naturalsound insulators and absorbmore sound than hard surfaces.Green Roofs reduce reflectivesound by up to 3 dB andimprove sound insulationby up to 8 dB. This is veryeffective for buildings nearairports, noisy nightclubsand factories.Reduce ofEnergy CostsProtect theWaterproofingOffer a Natural HabitatProvide AdditionalSpaceA Green Roof protects thewaterproofing from climateextremes, UV exposure andmechanical damage.This greatly increasesthe life expectancy of thewaterproofing and results inreduced maintenance andreplacement costs.Landscaped roofs compensatefor green spaces, which arelost to building development.They provide natural habitatsfor wildlife and bring natureback into the cities.Green Roofs offer additionalspace for numerous uses.Whether you want a relaxinggarden, a playground or agolf course, it all can beachieved as part of theexisting footprint.Improve theMicroclimatedaylightH2OCO2O2coldwarmA Green Roof has the abilityto buffer temperature extremesand improve the buildingsenergy performance.4www.zinco-greenroof.com
Roof TechnologyRoof Shape and PitchThe foundation for a green roof is generally a sealed roof with sufficient loadbearing capacity. Whether it is a typicalflat roof with a 2 % minimum pitch slope,a pitched or vaulted roof or a zero pitchroof is of minor importance initially.However, when choosing the green roofbuild-up factors such as ponding wateron the waterproofing membrane or theshear forces and potential erosion whichmay occur with pitched roofs must betaken into consideration.“Typical flat roof”“Mono pitch roof”“Gable roof”“Butterfly roof”“Saw-tooth roof”“Barrel roof”Roof StructuresProvided they are planned and installedcorrectly, a green roof can be installed onalmost every kind of roof structure.Roofs without thermal insulation, thatis roofs over unheated rooms such asgarage roofs, and “warm roofs”(single-skin, non ventilated roofs) canbe fitted with any type of green roofand vegetation.“Cold Roofs” (double-skin, ventilatedroofs) have a second skin above thethermal insulation, often with a lowload-bearing capacity, on which thewaterproofing membrane is installed.From an engineering point of view,there is no reason for not installing agreen roof on this type of roof if theload-bearing capacity of the secondskin allows for it and it is possible toensure that the green roof does notprevent ventilation.With an “inverted roof”, the thermalinsulation is installed on top of the roofwaterproofing membrane, i. e. in thedamp area. When installing a greenroof it is important to ensure that watervapour is not prevented from diffusingfrom the thermal insulation and thatponding water does not occur.www.zinco-greenroof.com5
Roof TechnologyRoof Waterproofing MembraneRoot BarrierThe waterproofing membrane can bemade of bituminous, plastic or rubbersheeting or even of a liquid seal. Theimportant thing is that the waterproofingmembrane is root-resistant or that it issufficiently secured by installing a separateroot protection system. As regards tosheet thickness, you should not adhereto the minimum thickness required butchoose a quality grade that will allowthe planned load.Plant roots are a strain on a roof bothfrom a chemical and a physical point ofview. Not every waterproofing membraneis capable of permanently withstandingsuch strain. If in doubt and particularly ifthe roof membrane has not been testedfor root-resistance, an additional rootbarrier should be installed.Roof PitchWith flat roofs, it is important to avoidponding water. This is done by choosinga suitable system build-up with asufficiently high level of capillarybreaking drainage.In the case of zero pitched roofs,greater demands are placed on the roofwaterproofing membrane.Connection HeightsThe same connection or terminationheight should be adhered to for greenroofs and otherwise utilised or evennon-utilised roofs. The upper finish ofthe connections must be waterproofand must be prevented from slipping.6www.zinco-greenroof.comWhere ponding water cannot be avoided,ZinCo offers suitable solutions involvinghigh-level drainage elements, so thatgreen roofs can even be installed onzero pitched roofs.With pitched roofs, increased attentionmust be paid on the one hand to shearprotection and on the other to ensuringthat sufficient water is retained in theSystem Build-up.
Roof TechnologyProtection againstWind SuctionParticular attention must be paid to increased wind loads on roofs, particularlyon top of high and exposed buildings.Roof waterproofing membranes andother accompanying layers can beprevented from being lifted by windloads by means of gluing, mechanicalfixing or by the use of ballast. If a greenroof is to function as ballast, it must beinstalled without delay and must besufficiently heavy.The wind loads and therefore therequired ballast will depend upon the:-- location (wind zone)-- height and type of building-- roof shape and pitch-- roof zone (corner, edge, centre) and-- type of roof structure (open or closed)Vegetation and wind loadsIt is also important for the vegetation tobe suited to the conditions on the roof.In particular, both vegetation that willgrow high and that has insufficient rootspace should be deemed to be fragile.A balanced nutrient supply and irrigationwill ensure that the woody plants developa large root plate. Too lavish a supplyof nutrients that will result in a shallowand insufficient root system should beavoided.The plants should also be properlysecured when they are first planted andduring the growth phase, until such timeas the wood has properly put down roots.outlets within vegetation areas andterrace grilles are to be placed withinpaved areas.The tree anchorage system Robafix is developed specially for root ballanchoring on intensive Green Roofsand underground car parks.DrainageGreen roofs retain a large quantityof stormwater but, depending on theseason, there will be more or less excesswater that must be able to run off withouta problem.Drainage elements in green roofs canconsist of:-- roof gutters-- internal drainage channels-- outer-lying roof gutters-- water spouts-- emergency or safety overflow systemsRoof outlets must always be separatefrom the green roof and the gravel layerand accessible. Therefore, inspectionchambers are to be placed over roofwww.zinco-greenroof.com7
Roof TechnologyFire SafetyZinCo green roofs are classified inaccordance with German IndustrialStandard DIN EN 13501-5 (“Fireclassification of construction productsand building elements“) as BROOF(t1),provided the requirements and adviceincluded below are adhered to.Roofs with an intensive green roof thathave to be irrigated and maintained(e. g. roof gardens, underground parkdecks) and that generally have a deepersubstrate level, are to be automaticallyclassified as resistant to sparks andradiant heat.Roofs with an extensive green roof that arenot generally irrigated and only have to bemaintained once a year, are deemed to beresistant to sparks and radiant heat if:Load-bearing ReservesThe additional weight of a green roof,specifically in a waterlogged state, mustbe factored in when calculating the loadcapacity of the roof. Snow loads typicalfor the location should be factored in too.In our experience, areas can be foundon a roof where it is possible to usedeeper substrate layers or mounds, e. g.above walls, columns or beams. Tallerperennials or small woody plants can beplanted here, for example, allowing anincrease in the design variety. However,any resulting additional weight must betaken into consideration and verified bya structural engineer.8www.zinco-greenroof.com1. the substrate layer (system substrate,Zincolit , etc.) is at least 30 mm thick,2. a maximum of 20 % of the substrateweight is organic material (all ZinCosystem substrates are below this figure),3. in the case of large-scale green roofs,a fire zone is created every 40 m (e. g.using a strip of gravel, Zincolit orconcrete pavers or upstands),4. a strip of rough gravel, Zincolit ,concrete pavers or similar is installedbefore the openings in the roof area(sky domes, light bands) and beforeany walls with openings.In addition, a number of build-ups havebeen successfully tested in line withBROOF(t2) and BROOF(t3).
Vegetation TechnologyTypes of Green RoofsExtensive Green RoofsMinimal maintenance required-- inspection 1–2 x / year-- supply of water and nutrients mostlyby natural processesAdapted plant communities-- undemanding, drought-tolerant-- self-regeneratingLittle weight and shallow build-upheight-- mainly mineral substrate with depthup to 120 mm-- weight approx. 50–150 kg/m2Surface protection with ecologicalfunctionsExtensive landscaped roofs are anecological alternative to conventionalsurface protection or ballast layerssuch as gravel and pavers. They arelightweight and have a shallow build-upheight. Suitable plants include variousSedum species, herbs and some grasses.They cope with the conditions on theroof (sun, wind, drought, etc.) by nature.After establishment of the vegetation, themaintenance is limited to one or twoinspections a year.Intensive Green RoofsRegular maintenance required-- garden maintenance such as mowing,fertilizing, watering, weeding etc.Weight and build-up heightdepending on plant selection-- e. g. ornamental lawn, summerflowers, demanding shrubs, bushesand trees-- substrate with higher amount oforganic material, with depth 150 mm-- weight 150 kg/m²Well kept Roof GardenIntensive Green Roofs can most easilybe compared to building a garden on aroof. They are usually multifunctionaland accessible. They require more weightand a deeper system build-up. Themaintenance is regular and depends onthe landscape design and the chosenplant material. Depending on thesubstrate depth, anything is possible fromlawns, perennials, shrubs, trees includingother landscape options such as ponds,pergolas and patios.www.zinco-greenroof.com9
Vegetation TechnologyReplicating Nature on RoofsWhen designing and installing a GreenRoof it is important to provide a growingenvironment as close as possible to theplants natural environment. The mostimportant issue is to compensate for thelack of subsoil.In areas with temperate climates ZinCosystems are able to retain the necessaryquantities of water to support the plants,while draining off the excess. The requiredamount of water is determined by theplant type, the geographical regionand the roof itself. Besides building thecorrect Green Roof system to support theplants, it is very important to protect thewaterproofing from both mechanicaldamage and attack from plant roots.Organic matterand topsoilSubsoilVegetation layer andSystem SubstrateFilter layerDrainage layerBedrockProtection layerRoof constructionWaterproofingZinCo systems provide a number ofsolutions to these problems. They havebeen designed to function naturally. Theplants receive a stable environmentwithout adversely affecting thewaterproofing.Drainage ElementsZinCo systems store water on the onehand and allow excess water to run off,on the other hand. The amount of wateractually needed depends on the type ofvegetation planted, on the location andon the roof itself.While extensive green roofs with droughtresistant perennials require less moisture,and would suffer with “wet feet”, simpleintensive green roofs have a greater waterrequirement. In a moderate climate zonesuch as central and northern europe,natural precipitation is generally sufficientfor the required water supply. But in thecase of more sophisticated roof gardens,additional irrigation should be plannedfor.10 www.zinco-greenroof.comZinCo drainage elements are light inweight, low-lying and nonetheless solidso that they gain in height and weight interms of the overlying substrate layer.The element cells retain some of thestormwater even on a pitched roof andexcess water can run off in the underlyingchannel system.Floradrain FD 25-E: Pressure-resistant, lowdrainage and water storage element made ofrecycled polyethylene for use in extensive greenroofs.Floradrain FD 60 neo:Powerful drainage andwater storage element madefrom reinforced plastic foruse in intensive green roofsand otherwise utilised roofs.
Vegetation TechnologySubstratesSubstrate DepthIn contrast to the situation with naturalground, there is only a limited amountof root space available on roof areas.Nonetheless, optimum growth conditionsmust be created for the vegetation inconjunction with the overall systembuild-up. Water/air balance, which innature is carried out by powerful soilhorizons, is dealt with in a roof situationby substrate layers that are sometimesvery shallow. This is addressed by ensuringthe appropriate mixture of organic andmineral components.In addition to choosing the correctsubstrate for the relevant vegetation,the substrate depth is significant forthe success of the green roof.There are two additional specificrequirements regarding roof substrates:firstly, they should supply water forthe vegetation for as long as possibleand secondly, the level of maintenance(of extensive green roofs) should beminimal. Excess water capacity can resultin water logging, can cause the buildup of moss and the increased weedgrowth. Knowing the specific weightof a substrate is important. Possiblewind loads on one hand and restrictedstructural requirements on the otherhand generally need to be taken intoconsideration.Where the focus is more on drainageperformance with a simple extensivegreen roof with sedum, it is mainly waterstorage and nutrient supply that areparamount in the case of an intensivegreen roof with sophisticated perennialsand shrubs.The result is a finer granulation fromextensive to intensive substrates, inconjunction with increased organicmatter content. This ensures that theplants are supplied with the required levelof water, without reducing the volume ofair in the substrate that is required by theplant roots.SystemSubstrate EXTENSIVEGranulometricGritdistributionOrganic mattercontentINTENSIVEcoarsefinelowhighWater storagecapacitylowhighAir volumehighlowwww.zinco-greenroof.com11
Extensive Green RoofsSystem Build-up “Sedum Carpet”The “Sedum Carpet” is a standardbuild-up for extensive Green Roofs. It isa shallow and lightweight Green Rooftype with an attractive “back-to-nature”appearance, that requires little main‑tenance.Floradrain FD 25-E is the appropriatedrainage and waterstorage elementfor this system. It has the necessarycompressive strength, a low profileheight, little weight and is walkable.Proven Sedum species, in combinationwith the adapted substrate and systembuild-up, guarantee a durable GreenRoof. The main blooming time is earlysummer with yellow, red and white flowersdominating. During the year, “SedumCarpet” is represented in various shadesof green. Red shades show particularlyin autumn and are a nice change in theGreen Roof s appearance.Sedum cuttings are produced by cuttingoff the shoot tips of selected types ofSedum. This is only possible during thenon-flowering period (spring or autumn),as flowering shoots do not easily growroots. With Sedum cuttings, good groundcover is achieved within 2–3 years. Afaster ground coverage is achieved withplug planting.Features:- Proven simple green roof build-uprequiring only little maintenance,especially for roofs with low designdemands.Suitable Vegetation layerSuitable System Substrate- Can be used on roofs with nosevere ponding up to a slope ofabout 8 .Filter Sheet SFFloradrain FD 25-EProtection Mat SSM 45Root Barrier WSF 40,if waterproofing is not root-resistant.- Environmental protection layerinstead of a gravel cover.Build-up height:from ca. 90 mmWeight, saturated:from ca. 95 kg/m²Water retention capacity: from ca. 25 l/m²System Build-ups with European Technical Assessment.Details at essment12 www.zinco-greenroof.com
Extensive Green RoofsCrédits photos@Drone-viewSystem Build-up “Irrigated Extensive Green Roof”Due to the ongoing climate change, manyregions are increasingly having to dealwith long periods of drought. This will leadto species-poor green roofs with plantgrowth being more or less up and down.Very often only succulents will survive withperhaps bare patches that are onlytemporarily green. Therefore, irrigation inmany regions is the only way to achievebiodiversity on green roofs.This green roof build-up will help to strikea balance between a cost-effective solutionand the permanent proper functioning ofgreen roofs in dry climates.As is the case with the “Urban ClimateRoof” build-up, irrigation takes placebeneath the substrate.As a result, the water is available where aplant needs it - in the root zone. However,unlike the Urban Climate Roof systembuild-up, the system supplies only theamount of water that the plants need forhealthy growth. Thanks to the shallowersubstrate depth, the green roof build-upis not only lighter but also other plantcommunities are used.Features:- Biodiversity and long-termgreening success are achievedthrough targeted undergroundirrigation.Suitable Vegetation layer- Relatively low water consumptiondue to the fact that water is beingdistributed throughout theAquafleece AF 300 and is fed tothe plants from below.Suitable System SubstrateDripperline 500-L2Aquafleece AF 300Floradrain FD 40-E*Protection Mat SSM 45Root Barrier WSF 40,if waterproofing is not root-resistant.- Applicable on 0 -roofs as well as onroofs with an inclination of up to 5 .Build-up height:from ca. 110 mm*Weight, saturated:from ca. 125 kg/m²Water retention capacity: from ca. 41 l/m²* If a different type of drainage elementis used, the build-up height is reduced orincreased correspondingly.www.zinco-greenroof.com13
Extensive Green Roofs0 -RoofOn 0 -roofs where deeper puddles mightremain, the standard extensive systembuild-up is to be modified.By installing higher Floraset elements(50 or 75 mm) the necessary distanceto the water level is ensured. The GreenRoof build-up will be somewhat higherbut not heavier as these elements aremade of extruded polystyrene hard foamand therefore have a negligible weight.The Protection Mat TSM 32 with its lowerretention capacity is sufficient, as waterfrom the puddles is made available tothe plants.Features:Plant levelSuitable Vegetation layer- For 0 -Roofs with standing water;Vegetation layer- Can also be used for roofs with aslight slope up to 10 .- Requires minimum maintenance.- Great variety of Sedum speciesand drought resistant grasses.Filter Sheet SFDrainageProtection layerBuild-up height:ca. 120 resp.150 mmWeight, saturated:ca. 105 kg/m2Water retention capacity: ca. 33 l/m214 www.zinco-greenroof.comSuitable System SubstrateFloraset FS 50 or FS 75Protection Mat TSM 32Root Barrier WSF 40,if waterproofing is not root-resistant.
Extensive Green RoofsInverted Green RoofThe characteristic of an inverted roof isthat the insulation is above the waterproofing. The extruded polystyrene insulation (XPS) which is used for this kindof roof is impervious to water, but not towater vapour. Forming a vapour barrierdirectly above it when installing a GreenRoof must therefore be avoided. Layersthat prevent moisture from diffusing outmustn't be installed over the thermalinsulating XPS boards and the layerabove should be vapour permeable.The protection mat has to be replacedby the permeable separation membraneTGV 21. If a root barrier is required, ithas to be placed below the insulationdirectly onto the waterproofing. A deepersubstrate layer compensates for the waterretention capacity of the missing pro‑tection mat and prevents wind uplift ofthe insulation boards.Features:Suitable Vegetation layer- Build-up for inverted roofsallowing diffusion and vaporisation.Suitable System Substrate- Large variety of species as anecological protection layer insteadof gravel covering.Filter Sheet SFFloradrain FD 25-ESeparation Membrane TGV 21Roof construction with XPS thermal insulation- For roofs without standing waterand with a slight slope up to 8 .- Requires minimum maintenance.Root Barrier WSF 40, if waterproofingis not root-resistant (beneath the thermalinsulation layer).Build-up height:from ca. 110 mmWeight, saturated:from ca. 120 kg/m²Water retention capacity: from ca. 36 l/m²www.zinco-greenroof.com15
Extensive Green RoofsBiodiversityIn areas where nature has been destroyedby construction works and the groundis sealed, green roofs can partiallycompensate for lost green areas andcan provide replacement habitats forflora and fauna. Above all, natural, lowmaintenance extensive green roofs areimportant refuges for flora and fauna.Wild bees, butterflies and ground beetlesfind food and shelter there. However, thedevelopment of biodiversity depends toa great extent on how the habitats thatare provided for the flora and fauna ona roof are structured. Pure sedum greenroofs that are frequently installed inconjunction with very shallow substratedepths are not suitable for exploiting thispotential. Indeed, the biotope functionof greened roof areas can be specificallyfostered with very little work usingvarious design features and applyingbasic biodiversity principles during theplanning and implementation stages.Biodiversity moduleModulating thesubstrate surfaceIntroducingdeadwoodTemporarywater bodiesSand pockets andcoarse gravel bedsPlant selection, e.g.forage plantsNesting aidsVarying theDead branches andUsing borders andPlant-free areasCreating deeperThe use of nestingsubstrate depthtree trunks are asheeting, areasare an importantsubstrate zonesaids specificallycreates differentparticularly valuablecan be created toenrichment of the(mounds) makesfosters insecthabitats that willstructural element.retain stormwaterbiotope and are usedit possible to plantcolonisation.extend the range ofDeadwood is usedon the roof for anby insects and othera wider range ofspecies available inas a habitat by moss,extended period ofroof inhabitants as anative species orthe planting areas.lichens, fungi, beetles,time. It improveshideaway, breedingforage plants forflies, midges, antsthe amount of waterground and a sunpollinators andand wild bees,available, e.g. fortrap.birds.among others.insects and birds.Extensive System Build-up with thedrainage element Floradrain FD 25-Eas a possible basis for a biodiversitygreen roof.16 www.zinco-greenroof.com
Hybrid SolutionsSystem Build-up “Stormwater Management Roof”The word “retention” in water managementrefers to the balancing effect of storagespace on the run off of stormwater intowatercourses. The need for retention isbecoming more frequent as changingweather conditions (e.g. severe local rainevents) can lead to an entire stormwaterdrainage system becoming overloaded.First of all, a large proportion of theprecipitation is retained on the roofarea with a stormwater managementroof, in the full sense of expanded floodcontrol, and is then released over apre-defined period (e.g. 24 hours) intothe drainage system. All elements thatare important for the correct functioningof the green roof are preserved (waterstorage for the plants, air-water balancein the root area, etc.).Features:- System Build-up combining benefitsof a species-rich extensive greenroof and efficient stormwatermanagement.Suitable Vegetation layer- A roof surface without inclinationand controlled-flow roof drains arepreconditions for a StormwaterManagement Roof.- Even with a simple Build-up80 l/m² can be retained.RetentionRunoff LimiterBuild-up height:from ca. 150 mmWeight, saturated:from ca. 155 kg/m²Water retention capacity: from ca. 80 l/m²Suitable System SubstrateFilter Sheet SFFloradrain FD 25-EFilter Sheet PVRetention Spacer RS 60Filter Sheet PVRoot Barrier WSF 40, if waterproofingis not root-resistant (beneath the thermalinsulation layer).* Values apply where the full 60 mmare accumulated.www.zinco-greenroof.com17
Hybrid SolutionsSystem Build-up “Urban Climate Roof”The sealing of former planted areascontinues unabated. This has aconsiderable impact on the heating upof towns and cities. As a result, globalradiation is used in a totally differentway. On sealed surfaces, it can nolonger be used as an engine for plantgrowth and can therefore hardly be usedfor cooling evaporation. This means thatthe considerable rise in thermalradiation is heating up urban centresand the resulting urban heat islands arehaving a negative effect on well-being.In addition, an increased level ofsensible heat, or perceived heat, willensure that time spent here will beassociated with discomfort. There arevarious types of green roof that can helpto counter this. The decisive thing in eachcase is that there is sufficient water forevaporation.In contrast, thanks to irrigation, anurban climate roof with its speciallydeveloped plant community willensure a high level of evaporationalso or particularly during hot, dryperiods.The maximum evaporation capacitycan already be achieved duringthe first, or at the latest, the secondvegetation period.Features:- Green Roof build-up designedfor a maximum evaporation,which can actively contribute toan improvement of city climatein particular during hot and dryperiods.- Applicable on 0 -roofs as well ason roofs with an inclination of upto 5 , including inverted roofs.Plant Community “Urban Climate Roof”Suitable System SubstrateBuild-up height:Weight, saturated:Water retention capacity:Evaporation capacity:18 www.zinco-greenroof.comDripperline 500-L2Aquafleece AF 300Floradrain FD 40-E*Protection Mat SSM 45Root Barrier WSF 40, if waterproofing is notroot-resistant (beneath the thermal insulationlayer).500 mmfrom 140 mm*from 155 kg/m²from 51 l/m²to 7–10 mm/d* The Build-up height can be reduced orincreased as required using a differentdrainage element.
Pitched Green RoofsSystem Build-up “Pitched Green Roof”In general, flat roofs should have a slopeof at least 2 %. Pitched roofs, as describedin this brochure, start with a slope of 10 (18 %). From 10 on, the Green Roofsystem build-up differs significantly fromsystem build-ups below 10 . Shear forcesincrease with the roof slope and have tobe transfered into stable beams. Thesubstrate layer has to be protected againsterosion.Plant selection and planting methods areto be adjusted to the relevant slope andexposure.A professionally waterproofed roofsurface, e. g. with bituminous or high‑polymer membranes, is a preconditionfor a durable long-lasting Green Roof.The waterproofing should be rootresistant and a protection mat withhigh water storage is needed.Floraset FS 75, a multi-functionaldrainage element of expandedpolystyrene is the perfect element forPitched Green Roofs.It is very important to take the GreenRoof upkeep and maintenance aspectsinto account from the early planni
there is no reason for not installing a green roof on this type of roof if the load-bearing capacity of the second skin allows for it and it is possible to ensure that the green roof does not prevent ventilation. With an "inverted roof", the thermal insulation is installed on top of the roof waterproofing membrane, i. e. in the damp area.
of the green roof components. The distributions of the conventional roof and green roof were summed to obtain the total cost of installation for a new green roof with a new conventional roof. The mean difference between the cost of the green roof and the conventional roof is defined
A low slope roof or flat roof has four parts such as roof deck, vapour retarder, insulation and roof membrane. The combination of these parts is known as roof assembly. 3.1 Roof Deck An entire roof system is held up by a roof deck. This is the base of roof assembly. Roo
1.1 Sloped Roof Eave 1.2 Sloped Roof Gable 1.3 Ridge Vent Detail 1.4 Roof Penetration 1.5 Sloped Roof at Chimney - Side 1.6 Cricket at Chimney 1.7 Chimney at Sloped Roof - 3D View 1.8 Roof Overhang at Exterior Wall 1.9 Sloped Roof at Dormer - Head Wall 1.10 Sloped Roof at Dormer - Side Wall 1.11 Valley Detail FLASHINGS 2.1 Roof Diverter .
38. roof access ladder with lockable roof scuttle - see reflected ceiling plan and roof plan for additional information - typ. 39. roof drain and overflow roof drain. connect roof drain to underground storm drain pipe per civil drawings, overflow roof drain to daylight. overflow roof drain to have cast bronz
Roof Tiler’sWage RM 80.00/hours Cost Of Roof Tiles Per Hour RM 10.00 NosOf Roof Tiles Fixed Per Person Per Hour 95 pcs Cost Of Labour Per Piece Of Roof Tile RM 10.00 95 pcs RM 0.11 NosOf Roof Tiles Per M2 9.83 pcs Cost Of Labour Per Roof Square Of Roof Tiles 9.83pcs x RM 0.11 10
Roof Layout Plan. Roof Plan A roof plan is commonly drawn to a scale of 1/8 inch per foot or 1/16 inch per foot. A roof plan shows the shape of the roof, as well as roofing materials, underlayment and location of vents. Roof Plan A roof framing plan shows size and direction of the
Flat Roof Board 200 0.034 90 200 Flat Roof Board 250 0.034 100 250 Flat Roof Board 300 0.033 120 300 Flat Roof Board 350 0.033 140 350 Flat Roof Board 400 0.033 160 400 Flat Roof Board 500 0.033 190 500 Flat Roof Board HP 150 0.031 70 150 Example Point Load Calculation Air Handling Unit -2000kg Square Spacer Pads -300 x 300mm x 4No
Tourism and Hospitality Terms published in 1996 according to which Cultural tourism: General term referring to leisure trav el motivated by one or more aspects of the culture of a particular area. ('Dictionary of Travel, Tour ism and Hospitality Terms', 1996). One of the most diverse and specific definitions from the 1990s is provided by ICOMOS (International Scientific Committee on Cultural .
