ProxiMate Operation Manual
11593981 F enProxiMate Operation Manual
ImprintProduct Identification:Operation Manual (Original) ProxiMate 11593981Publication date: 06.2022BÜCHI Labortechnik AGMeierseggstrasse 40PostfachCH-9230 Flawil 1E-Mail: quality@buchi.comBUCHI reserves the right to make changes to the manual as deemed necessary in the light of experience, especially with respect to structure, illustrations and technical details.This manual is copyrighted. Information from it may neither be reproduced, distributed, or used for competitive purposes, nor made available to third parties. The manufacture of any component with the aid ofthis manual without prior written agreement is also prohibited.
BÜCHI Labortechnik AGTable of contentsTable of contents1About this document. 71.11.21.3Warning notices in this document.Symbols .1.2.1 Warning symbols .1.2.2 Mark-ups and symbols.Trademarks.2Safety. 92.12.22.32.42.52.6Proper use . 9Use other than intended . 9Staff qualification . 9Residual risks . 102.4.1 Glass and acrylic breakage. 102.4.2 Faults during operation . 102.4.3 Instrument damage due to an incorrectly installed IP module . 102.4.4 Malware infection due to connections with other devices or network . 102.4.5 Data loss . 102.4.6 Damage to the internal memory due to incorrect shutting down of the instrument. 10Personal protective equipment . 10Modifications. 113Product description. 123.13.2Description of function .Sample presentation options .3.2.1 Up view option .3.2.2 Down view option.Measurement modes .3.3.1 Diffuse reflection mode .3.3.2 Transflectance mode .Configuration .3.4.1 Front view .3.4.2 Rear view .3.4.3 Connections (IP module removed) .3.4.4 Location of the type plate.Scope of delivery .Type plate .Technical data .3.7.1 ProxiMate .3.7.2 Ambient conditions.3.7.3 Materials 71718184Transport and storage . 204.14.24.3Transport . 20Storage . 20Lifting the instrument . 20Operation Manual ProxiMate iii
Table of contentsBÜCHI Labortechnik AG5Installation. 215.15.25.35.45.55.6Before installation .Installation site .Securing against earthquakes .Establishing electrical connections .Installing a USB device.Software settings .5.6.1 Apply for a licence.5.6.2 Import a license.5.6.3 Calibrating a Baseline Correction Vector (BCV) .5.6.4 Importing standardized reference data .5.6.5 Changing the language of the instrument .iv2121212222232324242525Operation Manual ProxiMate
BÜCHI Labortechnik AGTable of contents6Operation. 266.16.26.3Layout of the control panel .Function bar.Menu bar.6.3.1 Start menu .6.3.2 History menu.6.3.3 Application menu .6.3.4 Tools menu .Status bar .Log in administrator mode .Editing an application.6.6.1 Creating a new application.6.6.2 Changing the alias of an application .6.6.3 Changing the Measurement view of an application .6.6.4 Changing the Measurement mode of an application .6.6.5 Changing the Sample presentation of an application .6.6.6 Enter a description for an application.6.6.7 Changing the Rotation of an application .6.6.8 Changing the Measurement duration of an application .6.6.9 Enter a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for an application .6.6.10 Changing the selection ability of an application .Deleting an application .Editing a property.6.8.1 Creating a new Property .6.8.2 Changing the name of a property .6.8.3 Changing the alias of a property .6.8.4 Changing the Sort order of a property .6.8.5 Changing the Prediction type of a property.6.8.6 Changing the Initial Wavelength Range (Calibration model only).6.8.7 Changing the Postpredicted Value (Calibration model only) .6.8.8 Changing the Calibration Base (Calibration model only) .6.8.9 Changing the Display Basis (Calibration model only) .6.8.10 Changing the Formula (Calculated Property only).6.8.11 Changing the Observer (Color only) .6.8.12 Changing the Illuminant (Color only).6.8.13 Changing the Metric (Color only) .6.8.14 Changing the Metric Element (Color only) .6.8.15 Changing the Decimal places of a property .6.8.16 Changing the Unit of a property .6.8.17 Changing the Bias of a property .6.8.18 Changing the Slope of a property .6.8.19 Changing the Mahalanobis of a property (Calibration model only) .6.8.20 Changing the Target of a property .6.8.21 Changing the Limit maximum of a property .6.8.22 Changing the Limit minimum of a property .6.8.23 Changing the Tolerance maximum of a property.6.8.24 Changing the Tolerance minimum of a property.Deleting a property .Adding measurement data to a calibration .6.10.1 Performing a calibration update with AutoCal.6.10.2 Setting a reference value to a property.6.10.3 Activating a measurement for AutoCal .Importing and Exporting.6.11.1 Preparing an excel template for laboratory reference data.6.11.2 Importing laboratory reference data.6.11.3 Exporting measurement data.6.46.56.66.76.86.96.106.11Operation Manual ProxiMate 6566666667v
Table of contents6.126.13BÜCHI Labortechnik AG6.11.4 Importing application data.6.11.5 Exporting application data.Creating a report.Carrying out a measurement .6.13.1 Preparing the instrument.6.13.2 Starting measurement.6.13.3 Ending measurement.6.13.4 Shutting down the instrument .67676869696970707Cleaning and servicing . 717.17.27.67.7Regular maintenance work .Changing the lamps.7.2.1 Changing the down view lamp .7.2.2 Changing the up view lamp.7.2.3 Confirm Lamp Replacement .Checking the desiccant cartridge.Changing the desiccant cartridge .Carrying out system tests .7.5.1 Carrying out a Baseline Correction Vector test.7.5.2 Carrying out a Comprehensive System Test .7.5.3 Carrying out an Advanced System Test .Carrying out a data backup.Cleaning the display .8Help with faults . 868.18.2Troubleshooting . 86Error messages . 869Taking out of service and disposal. 889.19.29.3Taking out of service. 88Disposal . 88Returning the instrument . 8810Appendix . 8910.110.210.310.4Measurement results .File explanations and folder locations.Rules entering a formula.Spare parts and accessories .10.4.1 Accessories.10.4.2 Spare parts Operation Manual ProxiMate
BÜCHI Labortechnik AG1About this document 1About this documentThis operation manual is applicable for all variants of the instrument.Read this operation manual before operating the instrument and follow the instructions to ensure safe and trouble-free operation.Keep this operation manual for later use and pass it on to any subsequent user orowner.BÜCHI Labortechnik AG accepts no liability for damage, faults and malfunctions resulting from not following this operation manual.If you have any questions after reading this operation manual:u Contact BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Customer Service.https://www.buchi.com/contact1.1Warning notices in this documentWarning notices warn you of dangers that can occur when handling the device. Thereare four danger levels, each identifiable by the signal word used.1.2Signal wordMeaningDANGERIndicates a danger with a high level of risk which could result indeath or serious injury if not prevented.WARNINGIndicates a danger with a medium level of risk which could result indeath or serious injury if not prevented.CAUTIONIndicates a danger with a low level of risk which could result in minor or medium-severity injury if not prevented.NOTICEIndicates a danger that could result in damage to property.SymbolsThe following symbols are displayed in this operation manual or on the device:1.2.1Warning symbolsSymbolMeaningGeneral warningBreakable itemsHot surfaceDangerous electrical voltageDevice damageOperation Manual ProxiMate 7/94
1 About this document1.2.2BÜCHI Labortechnik AGMark-ups and symbolsNOTEThis symbol draws attention to useful and important information.R This character draws attention to a requirement that must be met before the instructions below are carried out.u This character indicates an instruction that must be carried out by the user.ð This character indicates the result of a correctly carried out instruction.1.3Mark-upExplanationWindowSoftware Windows are marked-up like this.TabTabs are marked-up like this.DialogDialogs are marked-up like this.[Button]Buttons are marked-up like this.[Field names]Field names are marked-up like this.[Menu / Menu item]Menus or menu items are marked-up like this.StatusStatus is marked-up like this.SignalSignals are marked-up like this.TrademarksProduct names and registered or unregistered trademarks that are used in this document are used only for identification and remain the property of the owner in eachcase.8/94Operation Manual ProxiMate
BÜCHI Labortechnik AGSafety 22Safety2.1Proper useThe instrument is designed and built for laboratories and production environments (atline). It serves to determine the concentration of selected constituents containedwithin a substance.The instrument can be used for the following tasks: Determination of quantifiable product properties.2.2Use other than intendedUse of any kind other than that described in Chapter 2.1 "Proper use", page 9 andany application that does not comply with the technical specifications (see Chapter 3.7 "Technical data", page 17) constitutes use other than that intended.In particular, the following applications are not permissible: Use of the instrument in rooms which require Ex-protected instruments. Use of samples, which can explode or inflame (example: explosives, etc.) due toshock, friction, heat or spark formation.2.3Staff qualificationUnqualified persons are unable to identify risks and are therefore exposed to greaterdangers.The device may only be operated by suitably qualified laboratory staff.These operating instructions are aimed at the following target groups:UsersUsers are persons that meet the following criteria: They have been instructed in the use of the device. They are familiar with the contents of these operating instructions and the applicable safety regulations and apply them. They are able on the basis of their training or professional experience to assessthe risks associated with the use of the device.OperatorThe operator (generally the laboratory manager) is responsible for the following aspects: The device must be correctly installed, commissioned, operated and serviced. Only suitably qualified staff may be assigned the task of performing the operationsdescribed in these operating instructions. The staff must comply with the local applicable requirements and regulations forsafe and hazard-conscious working practices. Safety-related incidents that occur while using the device should be reported to themanufacturer (quality@buchi.com).BUCHI service techniciansService technicians authorized by BUCHI have attended special training courses andare authorized by BÜCHI Labortechnik AG to carry out special servicing and repairmeasures.Operation Manual ProxiMate 9/94
2 SafetyBÜCHI Labortechnik AG2.4Residual risksThe device has been developed and manufactured using the latest technological advances. Nevertheless, risks to persons, property or the environment can arise if thedevice is used incorrectly.Appropriate warnings in this manual serve to alert the user to these residual dangers.2.4.1Glass and acrylic breakageBroken glass and acrylic can cause severe cuts.Broken glass or acrylic can enter production.u Handle the Petri Dishes and other glass and acrylic components carefully and donot drop them.u Always visually inspect glass and acrylic components for damage every time theyare to be used.u Do not continue to use glass and acrylic components that are damaged.u Always wear protective gloves when disposing of broken glass and acrylic.2.4.2Faults during operationIf a device is damaged, sharp edges or exposed electrical wires can cause injuries.u Regularly check device for visible damage.u If faults occur, switch off the device immediately and inform the operator.u Do not continue to use devices that are damaged.2.4.3Instrument damage due to an incorrectly installed IP moduleAn incorrectly installed IP module can cause material and moisture to enter the instrument.u Do not open the IP module.u Make sure that the USB sockets are covered when not in use.2.4.4Malware infection due to connections with other devices or networkConnections with other devices or a network can cause a malware infection to the instrument.u Install antivirus software and firewall on the instrument before connecting it toother devices or network.2.4.5Data lossIn the event of a power failure, e.g. due to lightning or interruption of power supply,measurement data may be lost.u Carry out regular data backup.2.4.6Damage to the internal memory due to incorrect shutting down of theinstrumentIncorrect shutting down of the instrument can cause damage to the internal memory.u Shut down the instrument as described. See Chapter 6 "Operation", page 262.5Personal protective equipmentDepending on the application, hazards due to heat and/or corrosive chemicals mayarise.u Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles,protective clothing and gloves.u Make sure that the personal protective equipment meets the requirements of thesafety data sheets for all chemicals used.10/94Operation Manual ProxiMate
BÜCHI Labortechnik AG2.6Safety 2ModificationsUnauthorized modifications can effect safety and lead to accidents.u Use only genuine BUCHI accessories, spare parts and consumables.u Carry out technical changes only with prior written approval from BUCHI.u Only allow changes to be made by BUCHI service technicians.BUCHI accepts no liability for damage, faults and malfunctions resulting from unauthorized modifications.Operation Manual ProxiMate 11/94
3 Product descriptionBÜCHI Labortechnik AG3Product description3.1Description of functionProxiMate is a NIR spectrometer that can be used to determine the concentrationof different parameters in food and feed samples in a nondestructive way.ProxiMate is supplied in different versions. Dependent on the version specifiedProxiMate is either an NIR or combined NIR and visible spectrometer.The instrument generates a beam of NIR and visible light which is focused onto thesample under investigation. Light reflected from the sample is collected and spatiallyseparated by a diffraction element. The diffracted light is directed onto a diode arraydetector. Signals from the detector are processed and a reflectance spectrum is constructed. This spectrum undergoes further processing to calculate the constituents required.Data processingThe NIR light interacts with the sample material in different ways, leaving a characteristic fingerprint on the spectrum. Spectra from both liquids and solids can be measured with ProxiMate . The spectra of solid samples are collected directly, liquidsamples require the use of a transflectance adapter.ApplicationThe Application defines all of the parameters related to measurement of a particularsample type.This includes: the properties to be measured the calibrations used the standard operating procedureIt is possible to Import or Export a file that contains all Application data to allow thesame Applicati
Operation Manual (Original) ProxiMate 11593981 Publication date: 03.2022 BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Meierseggstrasse 40 Postfach CH-9230 Flawil 1 E-Mail: quality@buchi.com BUCHI reserves the right to make changes to the manual as deemed necessary in the light of experi-ence, especially with respect to structure, illustrations and technical details.
understanding of animal behavior, and is an extension of earlier explanatory frameworks, includingMayr’s (1961)distinction between proximate and ultimate explanations in biology (Bateson and Laland,2013). It includes two proximate explanations, mechanistic and ontogenetic, and two ultimate
35.1 Behavioral ecologists ask both proximate and ultimate questions Behavioral ecologists study what animals do when interacting with their environment Behavior can be interpreted in terms of proximate causes and ultimate causes with the environment –Proximate causes
35.1 Behavioral ecologists ask both proximate and ultimate questions Behavioral ecologists study what animals do when interacting with their environment Behavior can be interpreted in terms of proximate causes and ultimate causes with the environment -Proximate causes are immediate mechanisms for a behavior
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BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour 1 The Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Bird Songs BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour Species-Specific Songs ! Common Yellowthroat: witchety, witchety, witchety ! Ovenbird: teacher!
basis for animal behavior Proximate vs. Ultimate causes of behavior Proximate questions “How” questions Environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior Genetic, physiological, and anatomical mechanisms underlying a behavioral act Ultimate questions “Why” questions address the evolu
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