The Proximate And Ultimate Causes Of Bird Songs
The Proximate and UltimateCauses of Bird SongsBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour1Species-Specific Songs!!!!!Common Yellowthroat: witchety, witchety,witchetyOvenbird: teacher! teacher! teacher!Chickadee: chickadee, dee, dee, deeVireo: here I am, where are you?White-throated sparrow: old JohnPeabody, Peabody, PeabodyBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour2White-Crowned SparrowAlaskaBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour31
White-Crowned SparrowWashington4BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourRegional Dialects: Proximate!!Genetics?Environment?Fig. 2.1BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour5Experiments (Marler et al.)!!Hand-reared in isolation noises but no songHand-reared withconspecific recordings proper song develop’tBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour62
Gene ActivityFig. 2.1113BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourNeurophysiology of Song!!!!IMAN and X involvedin learning songsRA connected tonXIIts and IMANnXIIts connected tosyrinxRA control songoutput?Fig. 2.13BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour14Robust Arcopallium (RA)Fig. 2.14BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour155
Chicken or Egg?Song DevelopmentcreatesallowsBrain TissueExperiment: birds raised in normal acousticalenvironment vs. in isolation and compare brainsConclusion: brains the same16BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourUltimate FactorsFig. 2.16BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour17Reproductive Benefits!!!Song allows female tofind male but whyvariation?1) Species identityannouncementhypothesis2) Mate attractionhypothesisBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour186
Experiments!!1) Remove males andreplace ! ofterritories withrecording of songs2) Remove males andreplace withrecordings of corrector similar songs19BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourSpecies Identity AnnouncementFig. 2.1920BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourMate AttractionFig. 2.20BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour217
Benefits of Learning a Dialect I!!Regionalvariation dueto driftSomevariation maybe adaptiveFig. 2.21BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour22Benefits of Learning a Dialect IFig. 2.22BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour23Female PreferenceFig. 2.27BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour248
Effect of Dialect on Fitness!Regional adaptation hypothesis– Local dialect is best adapted to localconditions– Correlation between deviation from song andparasite load and low fecundity!But: females do not prefer songs similarto their fathers nor are males singing thesongs of their birthplace25BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviourAlternate Hypothesis!!Females evaluate malesong diversity as anindicator of his qualityStudies have shownpositive correlationsbetween male songdiversity–––––# offspringHVC sizeFat reservesRobust immune systemsInvest more parental careBIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour26Good GenesHypothesis!!Learning ability in malesreflects developmentalqualityLearning difficult tosustain if stressed(genetics or environment)Fig. 2.28BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour279
Do Females Listen?Fig. 2.30BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour28Fig. 2.32BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour29Questions?BIOBIO 3176:3176: AnimalAnimal BehaviourBehaviour3010
BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour 1 The Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Bird Songs BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour Species-Specific Songs ! Common Yellowthroat: witchety, witchety, witchety ! Ovenbird: teacher!
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
35.1 Behavioral ecologists ask both proximate and ultimate questions Behavioral ecologists study what animals do when interacting with their environment Behavior can be interpreted in terms of proximate causes and ultimate causes with the environment –Proximate causes
35.1 Behavioral ecologists ask both proximate and ultimate questions Behavioral ecologists study what animals do when interacting with their environment Behavior can be interpreted in terms of proximate causes and ultimate causes with the environment -Proximate causes are immediate mechanisms for a behavior
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
