Trees And Shrubs For Riparian Plantings - USDA
Natural Resources Conservation ServiceWashingtonTrees and Shrubsfor RiparianPlantings316 W. Boone Ave., Suite 450, Spokane, WA 99201-2348 Telephone: 509-323-2900 Fax: 855-847-5492The following are lists of riparian trees and shrubs by Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs)and contain relatively common species available from plant nurseries. The original source of plant materials should, if possible, come from the MLRA, ecoregion, or for conifers,the seed zone within which you are working.Base the species composition of your planting on a reference community. Reference communities maybe found in the watershed or a watershed within the Common Resource Area (CRA). Referencecommunities should be well-functioning native communities and similar to the planting site in terms ofstreamflow, stream gradient, stream access to floodplain, soils, annual precipitation, and elevation.Percent deciduous species composition and percent conifer species composition should be similar topercent found in the reference community.If an adequate reference community cannot be found go to http://www.dnr.wa.gov/NHPecoreports forreferences describing riparian and wetland communities in Washington.Plants are ordered according to quantity of water use. Species are listed in descending order of water use(i.e. plants requiring more water inputs are listed before with plants requiring the least water (e.g. uplandspecies) lower in the list.Not all project areas are identical. Each project area does not necessarily include all 5 Riparian Zones.For adequate bank protection shrubs planted in the bank zone may need to be planted closer than thegiven minimum spacing.Plants suited to the Overbank or the Transition Zone may need supplemental water until they developsufficiently to utilize available ground water. Supplemental watering can also reduce overall mortalityrates and improve growth of upland plants.The use of mulch for the upland plantings is strongly encouraged, particularly in dryer environments, as itprotects soil moisture. Further, the appropriate mulch may reduce input costs.A riparian area in Washington State.
Riparian Planting ZonesToe ZoneThe toe zone is the zone that is located below the average water elevation, also called the baseflow. Thebaseflow is that level where there is flow throughout summer months. The toe zone will rarely contains densevegetation, due to its inundation with water for most of the year. Woody species, in particular are very difficult toestablish here, because of the abundant water levels. In some cases, common wetland plants such as cattails(Typha) and bulrush (Scirpus) can be established in the toe zone. However, be advised that wetland plants donot establish or survive well in areas where velocities are high. They are generally found in low energy streams orareas such as backwaters.Bank ZoneThe bank zone is the area between the average water elevation and the bankfull discharge elevation. Thebank zone will generally be vegetated with early seral or colonizing herbaceous species, flexible stemmedwillows, and low shrub species. This zone will be inundated with water far less frequently than the toe zone. Soilmoisture levels in this zone will be much lower after spring runoff.Bankfull Discharge – The discharge corresponding to the stage at which the natural channel is full. Thisflow typically has a recurrence interval of 1.5 to 2 years.Overbank ZoneThe overbank zone is located between the bankfull discharge elevation and the overbank elevation. It isgenerally flat and sporadically flooded about every 2-5 years. Vegetation in the overbank zone should be floodtolerant. Normally, the vegetative composition is about 50% hydrophytic plants. Shrubby willows with flexiblestems, dogwoods, alder, birch, in particular, will predominate here. Larger shrub type willows will generally occuron the higher end of the zone. Cottonwoods and tree type willows may survive well at the higher end of this zone.Species that have large inflexible stems should not be part of the planting plan in this zone. They can causesignificant disruption to the stream dynamics.Natural Resources Conservation Service - WashingtonTrees and Shrubs for Riparian Plantings
Transitional ZoneThe transitional zone is located between the overbank elevation and the flood prone elevation. The floodprone elevation is flooded about every 50 years. The transitional zone will be where bulrush and otherhydrophytic species will transition to upland species. For the most part, species in this zone are not flood orinundation tolerant. This is the zone where the larger tree species are typically found.Upland ZoneThe upland zone is found above the flood prone elevation. As the name would suggest, vegetation in this zoneis predominantly upland species. Drought tolerance is one of the most important factors when determining whatspecies to plant here. In low precipitation areas, supplemental irrigation may be necessary for plantestablishment. Soil moisture meters are a small investment to ensure that that supplemental irrigation inputs areemployed appropriately, thereby eliminating over-use of limited, costly water resources.Definitions are taken from Hoag, J. Chris, Forrest E. Berg, Sandra K. Wyman, and Robert W. Sampson.Riparian/Wetland Project Information Series No. 16 March, 2001 (Revised),Natural Resources Conservation Service - WashingtonTrees and Shrubs for Riparian Plantings
WASHINGTON STATEMAJOR LANDRESOURCEAREAS (MLRA)MAPWashington StateCanada2Vancouver Island,British TLegend44SAN JUANState Boundary3FERRYCounty BoundariesSTEVENSOpen Water4A2CLALLAM1448ISLANDMajor Land Resource AreasMLRA 1 - Northern Pacific Coast Range,Foothills, and ValleysSNOHOMISHMLRA 2 - Willamette and Puget Valleys43A244JEFFERSONDOUGLASCHELAN3KITSAPMLRA 4A - Sitka Spruce BeltIdaho3SPOKANELINCOLNMLRA 6 - Cascade Mountains, Eastern SlopeMLRA 7 - Columbia BasinMLRA 8 - Columbia Plateau43AKING21MLRA 3 - Olympic and Cascade MountainsMLRA 9 - Palouse and Nez Perce PrairiesPacific OceanMLRA 43A - Northern Rocky Mountains4AMLRA 43C - Blue and Seven Devils MountainsMASONGRANT21MLRA 44 - Northern Rocky Mountain Valleys98GRAYS HARBORKITTITAS6PIERCE7THURSTONSOURCE: National Coordinated Major Land Resource Area(MLRA) dataset, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NationalSoil Survey Center, 2004.ADAMS8WHITMANMLRAs are geographically associated land resource units(LRUs). Identification of these large areas is important instatewide agricultural planning and has value in interstate,regional, and national HKIAKUM178BENTONCOLUMBIAWALLA WALLACOWLITZ43C7SKAMANIA«USDA Natural Resources Conservation ServiceWashington State Office, SpokaneMarch 31, 201068ASOTIN9Additional information can be found CKITATCLARKSCALE2The dominant physical characteristics of the major landresource areas are described briefly in Agriculture Handbook296. The first paragraph lists the extent of each MLRA in eachstate and the total area. Major cities, highways, and culturallysignificant Federal- and state-owned lands within each MLRAare also listed. The remaining headings for each MLRA include,physiography, geology, climate, water, soils, biologicalresources, and land use.050MilesCoordinate System: HARN StatePlane Washington SouthUnits: Feet, Datum: NAD 1983100A Common Resource Area (CRA) map delineation is definedas a geographical area where resource concerns, problems, ortreatment needs are similar. It is considered a subdivision of anexisting Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) map delineationor polygon. Landscape conditions, soil, climate, humanconsiderations, and other natural resource information are usedto determine the geographic boundaries of a Common ResourceAreaAdditional information can be found at:soils.usda.gov/survey/geography/cra.html
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 1early seralin thewatertypicallyfloodedMajor Land Recource Area 1dune willow (Hooker,Coast)Pacific willow11rose (Douglas) spireavine maplebigleaf maplered alder1Sitka alderblack hawthorncascara buckthornOregon ash1Pacific crabappleIndian plumOverbank ZoneTransition Zone7-10xxxMyrica galeS4 5xx1Rubus spectabilisS53-12Salix hookerianaT/S610-2011T820-60Salix sessilifoliaT/S67-22Salix sitchensisT/S68-16Spiraea douglasiiAcer circinatumAcer macrophyllumAlnus rubraST/STT468123-6 25 11030-100Alnus viridis ssp. sinuataCrataegus douglasiiFrangula purshianaT/ST/ST/S6783-2014-35 50T10 80T/ST/S85 40 15Fraxinus latifolia1Malus fuscaOemleria cerasiformisxxxxxxxxxxxxUpland ZoneBank Zone6Toe ZoneSSalix lucida ssp. lasiandraNorthwest sandbar willowSitka willowCornus sericea ssp. sericeaHerbaceous Zonesalmonberry1neverfloodedRiparian ZonesHeight (feet)sweet Gale1uplandspeciesrarelyfloodedMinimum Spacingredosier dogwoodScientific name1oftenfloodedT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tallshrubCommon nameoften hydro- mix ofspeciesphyticNoteslower elevationlower2xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxnitrogen fixerhigher elevationhas thornslower elev., south ofJefferson Co.
1lodgepole pine (shore pine)black cottonwoodNootka roseswamp rose (Pea fruit rose) 1common snowberrySaskatoon serviceberry (Pacific)beaked hazelnutwestern white pinebitter cherrychokecherryDouglas-firredflower currantdwarf rosethimbleberryred elderberrywestern red cedarPhysocarpus capitatusPicea sitchensisST6106-14 230xxxxxconiferPinus contorta var. contortaPopulus balsamifera ssp.trichocarpaRosa nutkanaT12 65xxxconiferTS125 160 9upper 2xxxxxlarge treeRosa pisocarpaSymphoricarpos albusAmelanchier alnifolia var.semiintegrifoliaCorylus cornutaPinus monticolaPrunus emarginataPrunus virginianaPseudotsuga menziesiiRibes sanguineumRosa gymnocarpaRubus parviflorusSambucus racemosaThuja plicataSS54 92-5xxxxxrhizomesT/SSTTT/STSSST/ST55125512544610 153-12 200 50 25 200 932-1010-30 200Herbaceous ZonePacific ninebarkSitka sprucexxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxconiferShrub on dry sitesconiferxxxxxconiferFor species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6Non-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.
9More common in OregonSee T, S & T/S footnote at the botom of MLRA 2, 3 or 4
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 2in thewaterearly seraloftenhydrophyticmix of rely floodedneverfloodedMajor Land Recource Area 21redosier dogwoodPacific willow11Northwest sandbar willow1dune willow (Hooker,Coast)Sitka willow 1rose (Douglas) spirea111 5xxS67-10xxSalix lucida ssp. lasiandraT820-60xxSalix sessilifoliaT/S67-22xxSalix hookerianaT/S610-20xxSalix sitchensisT/S68-16xxS43-6xxSpiraea douglasiiST/ST/S5653-123-203-12paper birch 1vine maplebigleaf maplered alderBetula papyriferaAcer circinatumAcer macrophyllumAlnus rubraTT/STT86812 100 25 11030-100Crataegus douglasiiT/S714-35xxUpland ZoneTransition ZoneOverbank Zone4Rubus spectabilisAlnus viridis ssp. sinuataSorbus sitchensisblack hawthornBank ZoneSsalmonberrySitka alder 1Sitka mountain ash 11Toe ZoneHeight (feet)Minimum SpacingMyrica galeCornus sericea ssp. sericeaHerbaceous Zonesweet GaleScientific nameT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tallCommon nameRiparian ZonesNoteslower elevations,Puget Sound areaxPuget Sound areaonlylower 2xxxxxxxxxhigher elevationshigher elevationsnorthern countiesxxxhas thorns
1T10 80xxxMalus fuscaSalix scoulerianaT/ST/S86 4020-40xxxxxLonicera involucrataOemleria cerasiformisST/S556-12 15xxxxxPhysocarpus capitatusRosa nutkanaSS656-14 9xxxxxxST/STT/STTSSSTTSSTS561281210483101055124 910-30 160 50 65 2302-5 251-15 260 2006-126-12 2303xxxxxxxxSaskatoon serviceberry (Pacific)Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia T/S5 15beaked hazelnutwestern white pineCorylus cornutaPinus monticolaST5123-12 200bitter cherrychokecherryredflower currantthimbleberryPrunus emarginataPrunus virginianaRibes sanguineumRubus parviflorusT/ST/SSS5554 508-25 92-10black twinberryIndian plum1Pacific ninebarkNootka rose1swamp rose (Pea fruit rose)red elderberryblack cottonwoodcascara buckthornlodgepole pine (shore pine)Sitka sprucecommon snowberryPacific rhododendronsalalgrand firwestern hemlocktall Oregon grapemock orangeDouglas-fir (West Side)dwarf rose1Rosa pisocarpaSambucus racemosaPopulus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpaFrangula purshianaPinus contorta var. contortaPicea sitchensisSymphoricarpos albusRhododendron macrophyllumGaultheria shallonAbies grandisTsuga heterophyllaMahonia aquifoliumPhiladelphus lewisiiPseudotsuga menziesiiRosa gymnocarpaHerbaceous ZonePacific crabappleScouler's willow1Herbaceous ZoneFraxinus latifoliaOregon ashxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxmay be hard to findconiferxxxxxxxxTree on moist siteslarge treeconiferconiferrhizomesslow growingconiferconiferconifer
Sambucus nigra ssp. ceruleaT/S6 25Thuja plicataT10 200Holodiscus discolorS85-15For species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.blue elderberrywestern red cedaroceansprayxxxx2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6xxxless common thanred elderberryconiferNon-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.9More common in OregonFor this document T, S and T/S is about canopy structure (location within the canopy), growth habit, growth form, and orientationTitle 440, part 502 definition of a tree is 13' in height and single stemmed (See forest land definition).T/S designation is used when shrubs (generally erect, multi-stemmed species) have a common height range within 8' and 50';and for trees (generally erect, single stemmed species) that have common height ranges within 13' and 35'.When trees have a height range between 35'-50', then they may be considered T/S or T depending on whether they are commonly overstory or mid-story.
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 3early seralin thewatertypicallyfloodedMajor Land Recource Area 311xSalix geyerianaT/S610-15xxSalix sitchensisSalix lucida ssp. lasiandraT/S68-16xxT820-60xxxxS43-6Sitka alderAlaska cedarred alderNootka rosered elderberrySpiraea douglasiiAlnus viridis ssp. sinuataChamaecyparis nootkatensisAlnus rubraRosa nutkanaSambucus racemosaT/STTST/S61012563-20 13030-100 910-30salmonberry 1cascara buckthorncommon snowberryRubus spectabilisFrangula purshianaSymphoricarpos albusST/SS5843-12 502-5rose (Douglas) spirea1black cottonwoodhuckleberry1noble firwestern white pineneverfloodedPopulus balsamifera ssp. TrichocarpaVaccinium sp.TS124 1602-8Abies proceraPinus monticolaTT1212 260 200Notesxxxxxxxxxxlower 2xxxxxUpperUpland ZonexTransition ZoneOverbank Zone7-10Toe ZoneBank Zone1Pacific willow6Cornus sericea ssp. sericea1Herbaceous ZoneSitka willowHeight (feet)Geyer's willowSScientific namerarely floodeduplandspeciesRiparian ZonesMinimum Spacingredosier dogwood1oftenfloodedT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tall shrubCommon nameoften hydromix of speciesphytic2xxxxxxxxxxxxxhigher elevationshigher elevationsrhizomeslarge treehigher elevationsconifer, higherelevationsconifer
Prunus emarginataT/S5 50Pseudotsuga menziesiiT12 200Ribes sanguineumS5 9Rosa gymnocarpaS43Rubus parviflorusS42-10Thuja plicataT10 200Tsuga heterophyllaT10 200Abies grandisT10 260For species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.bitter cherryDouglas-firredflower currantdwarf rosethimbleberrywestern red cedarwestern hemlockgrand firxxxxxxxx2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6xxxxxxxxTree on moist sitesconiferconiferconiferconiferNon-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.9More common in OregonTitle 440, part 502 definition of a tree is 13' in height and single stemmed (See forest land definition).For this document T, S and T/S is about canopy structure (location within the canopy), growth habit, growth form, and orientationTitle 440, part 502 definition of a tree is 13' in height and single stemmed (See forest land definition).T/S designation is used when shrubs (generally erect, multi-stemmed species) have a common height range within 8' and 50';and for trees (generally erect, single stemmed species) that have common height ranges within 13' and 35'.When trees have a height range between 35'-50', then they may be considered T/S or T depending on whether they are commonly overstory or mid-story.
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 4Ain thewaterearly seraloften hydrophyticmix rarelyfloodedneverfloodedMajor Land Recource Area 4A11rose (Douglas) spireasweet Gale11salmonberryIndian plumOverbank ZoneTransition Zone7-10xxxSalix lucida ssp. lasiandraT820-60xxx111Salix sessilifoliaT/S67-22xxSalix hookerianaT/S610-20xxSalix sitchensisT/S68-16xxSpiraea douglasiiS43-6xxMyrica galeS4 5xxST/S553-12 15Rubus spectabilisOemleria cerasiformisblack cottonwoodNootka rosePacific ninebarkFraxinus latifoliaSambucus racemosaPopulus balsamifera ssp.TrichocarpaRosa nutkanaPhysocarpus capitatuslodgepole pine (shore pine)Pinus contorta var. contortaOregon ashred elderberryTT/S106 8010-30TSS1256 160 96-14T12 65xxxxUpland ZoneBank Zone6Toe ZoneSHerbaceous Zone1dune willow (Hooker,Coast)Sitka willowCornus sericea ssp. sericeaScientific name1Northwest sandbar willowHeight (feet)Pacific willowMinimum Spacingredosier dogwoodT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tallshrubCommon nameRiparian ZonesNotesS. of Columbia R.onlyxlower 2xxsouth of JeffersoncountyxxxUpper 2xxxxxxxxlarge treexxxconifer
Douglas-fir (West Side)western red cedarwestern hemlockPicea sitchensismalus fuscaSymphoricarpos albusGaultheria shallonAlnus rubraRibes bracteosumPrunus emarginataAcer circinatumAcer macrophyllumPseudotsuga menziesiiThuja plicataTsuga heterophyllaTT/SSSTSTT/STTTT101043125568121010 230 402-5 1530-1004-9 50 25 110 230 200 200xxxHerbaceous ZoneSitka sprucePacific crabapplecommon snowberrysalalred alderstink currentbitter cherryvine maplebigleaf fer, east part ofMLRA onlyconiferconiferFor species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6Non-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.9More common in OregonFor this document T, S and T/S is about canopy structure (location within the canopy), growth habit, growth form, and orientationTitle 440, part 502 definition of a tree is 13' in height and single stemmed (See forest land definition).T/S designation is used when shrubs (generally erect, multi-stemmed species) have a common height range within 8' and 50';and for trees (generally erect, single stemmed species) that have common height ranges within 13' and 35'.When trees have a height range between 35'-50', then they may be considered T/S or T depending on whether they are commonly overstory or mid-story.
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 6in thewaterMajor Land Recource Area 67-10xxxSalix drummondianaT/S6 12xxcuttings okSalix exiguaT/S43-15xxcuttings okSalix geyerianaT/S610-15xxcuttings okSalix lemmoniiT/S53-10xxSalix planifoliaAlnus incana ssp. tenuifoliaT/S44xxSitka alder1T8 40water birch1Alnus viridis ssp. sinuataT/S63-20T8 50Salix prolixaT/S6 30Crataegus douglasiiPopulus balsamifera ssp. TrichocarpaT/S714-35T12 160Populus tremuloidesT830-45Salix amygdaloidesT820-40xPicea engelmanniiT12 120xcuttings okfor wetter sites,coniferPinus monticolaT12 200xconiferBetula occidentalisMackenzie willowblack hawthorn3,41black cottonwoodquaking aspenCornus sericea1,41peachleaf willow3,4Engelmann spruce 1western white pine1xUpland Zone6Scientific nameToe ZoneTransition Zonethinleaf alder1neverfloodedOverbank Zoneplaneleaf willow1,4rarelyfloodedBank ZoneLemmon's willow3,4,9oftenfloodedRiparian ZonesHerbaceous ZoneGeyer's willow3,4typicallyfloodedHeight (feet)coyote willow2,3,4uplandspeciesMinimum SpacingDrummond's willow3,4mix ofspeciesT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tall shrubredosier dogwoodoftenhydrophyticSCommon name1,4early seralNotescuttings okhigh elevationxxnitrogen fixerxxnitrogen fixerxxcuttings okxxxhas thornsxlarge treex
1S85-15xbitter cherryPrunus emarginataT/S5 50xNootka rose1Rosa nutkanaS5 9xTST/ST/ST/SSTT/SSSSS12556641455456 1104-8 15 2310-302-5 223 25 102-62-6 12xxxxxxxxxxxxS6 141Douglas-firmockorangeserviceberryblue elderberryred elderberrycommon snowberryponderosa pinechokecherrygolden currantwax currentWoods' rosesmooth sumacSiberian peashrub6Pseudotsuga menziesiiPhiladelphus lewisiiAmelanchier alnifoliaSambucus nigra ssp. CeruleaSambucus racemosaSymphoricarpos albusPinus ponderosaPrunus virginianaRibes aureumRibes cereumRosa woodsiiRhus glabraCaragana arborescensHerbaceous ZoneHolodiscus discolor1ocean sprayRocky Mt. JuniperJuniperus scopulorumT6 50Oregon Grape, TallMahonia aquafoliumS4 8For species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.Tree on moist sitesconiferxxxxxxxxxxxxnon nativexxslow growing, coniferevergreen2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6rhizomesconiferNon-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.9More common in Oregon
See T, S & T/S footnote at the botom of MLRA 7, 9 or 43,44
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 7in thewaterMajor Land Recource Area 7xvery commonSalix exiguaT/S43-15xxcuttings okSalix luteaT/S6 23xxSalix geyerianaT/S610-15xxcuttings okSalix prolixaT/S6 30xcuttings okgolden currantwhite alder1Symphoricarpos albusS42-5xrhizomes1Ribes aureumS5 10xpeachleaf willow3,4Alnus rhombifoliaT850-80black cottonwoodWoods' rose1,4Salix amygdaloidesPopulus balsamifera ssp. TrichocarpaT820-401T12 1601Rosa woodsiiS52-6wax currentbig sagebrushrubber rabbitbrushyellow rabbitbrushantelope bitterbrushpurple sagesnow buckwheatRibes cereumArtemisia tridentataEricameria nauseosaChrysothamnus viscidiflorusPurshia tridentataSalvia dorriiEriogonum niveumSSSSSSS44445432-6433 632xUpland ZonexTransition Zone7-10Toe ZoneOverbank Zonecommon snowberry1neverfloodedBank ZoneMackenzie willow3,4rarelyfloodedRiparian ZonesHerbaceous ZoneGeyer's willowoftenflooded6Scientific nameCornus sericea ssp. sericea3,4typicallyfloodedHeight (feet)yellow willow1,4uplandspeciesMinimum Spacingcoyote willow3,4,8mix ofspeciesT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tallredosier dogwoodoftenhydrophyticSCommon name1early seralNotesxnitrogen fixerxcuttings okxlarge treexxxxxxxxsmall subshrub
round-headed buckwheatSiberian peashrub 5,6Eriogonum sphaerocephalumCaragana arborescensSS362 145Rocky Mt. JuniperJuniperus scopulorumT6 504fourwing saltbushAtriplex canescensS 9For species not listed consult with Area or State Specialists.Base species composition of project planting on reference site species composition. Indicates species may grow up to the listed height1Roots of all non-upland species need access to ground water for at least part of the growing season.2Indicates the part of the riparian zone (either upper or lower) appropriate for the given species.3Cuttings need to be planted deep enough so as to have at least 8 inches of the cuttings submerged into the mid-summer water table.4Caution - Cottonwood, dogwood or other willows may or may not do well as cuttings.5Mulch is particularly important for these species in this MLRA, as is first year supplemental water6xxxxsmall subshrubnon nativeslow growing,coniferNon-native species, reserve use of these species for upland areas in agronomic landscapes. Limit to no more than 10% of total stems/acre.7Northwest Puget sound and San Juan Is8In certain situations may be appropriate to plant in the Toe Zone, confirm with Area or State Office Specialists.9More common in OregonFor this document T, S and T/S is about canopy structure (location within the canopy), growth habit, growth form, and orientationTitle 440, part 502 definition of a tree is 13' in height and single stemmed (See forest land definition).T/S designation is used when shrubs (generally erect, multi-stemmed species) have a common height range within 8' and 50';and for trees (generally erect, single stemmed species) that have common height ranges within 13' and 35'.When trees have a height range between 35'-50', then they may be considered T/S or T depending on whether they are commonly overstory or mid-story.
Shrub and Tree Species for Planting Riparian Areas in MLRA 8in thewaterearly seraloften hydrophyticmix rarelyfloodedneverfloodedMajor Land Recource Area 8Height (feet)Bank ZoneOverbank ZoneTransition Zone67-10xxxyellow willow1,4Salix exiguaT/S43-15xxGeyer's willow3,4Salix luteaT/S6 23xxMackenzie willowthinleaf alderwater birch3Salix geyerianaT/S610-15xx1Salix prolixaT/S6 30x1Alnus incana ssp. tenuifoliaT8 40xcommon snowberrygolden currantWoods' rose11peachleaf willow3,4black cottonwoodwax current1mockorange1chokecherry1blue elderberryquaking aspen111,41Betula occidentalisT8 50xSymphoricarpos albusS42-5Ribes aureumS5 10Rosa woodsiiS52-6Salix amygdaloidesPopulus balsamifera ssp. TrichocarpaT820-40T12 160Ribes cereumS42-6Philadelphus lewisiiS54-8Prunus virginianaT/S5 25xSambucus nigra ssp. ceruleaT/S6 25xT830-45xCornus sericea ssp. sericeaPopulus tremuloidesHerbaceous Zonecoyote willow3,4,8Upland ZoneMinimum Spacingredosier dogwoodScientific nameToe ZoneT tree,S shrub,T/S short tree/ tallSCommon name1,4Riparian ZonesNotescuttings okcuttings okxcuttings oknitrogen fixerxxxxxxxcuttings okxlarge treexx
black hawthornserviceberry 11ponderosa pine1,5Crataegus douglasiiAmelanchier alnifoliaSS7514-35 15xPinus ponderosaT14 200xShepherdia argenteaS6 15xsmooth sumacbig sagebrushspineless horse-brushrubber rabbitbrushRhus glabraArtemisia tridentataTetradymia canescensEricameria nauseosaSSSS6444 12433xSiberian peashrub 5,6Caragana arborescensS6 1415Herbaceous Zonesilver buffaloberry1Rocky Mt juniperJun
Trees and Shrubs Natural Resources Conservation Service for Riparian Plantings 316 W. Boone Ave., Suite 450, Spokane, WA 99201-2348 Telephone: 509-323-2900 Fax: 855-847-5492 . The following are lists of riparian trees and shrubs by Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs) and contain relatively common species available from plant nurseries.
handbooks on useful trees and shrubs in eastern Africa. The aim of the series is to provide information for subject-matter specialists, extension workers and farmers on the trees and shrubs that have a production and conservation potential for small farmers in the region. The volume on Ethiopian trees and shrubs was published in 1993. The
Trees and Shrubs of the Maldives Introduction The human race depends on forests, trees and other vegetation for its survival and well-being. Women, men and children are attracted and attached to trees, shrubs, herbs and other vegetation for various reasons and purposes. Some trees are culturally valuable and some others are
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2.4 SHRUBS All shrubs shall be true to character, well-developed bushes and with uniform shoot and foliage development typical for the species or type. All shrubs will be container grown in rigid pots. Ground cover shrubs sized 10 -20 cm or 20 -40 cm high will be in not less than 2L pots and shrubs sized 40 - 60 cm high will be in 3L pots.
A Selection of Native Shrubs and Noteworthy Non-Native Shrubs W Shrubs of the Chicago Region Volunteer Stewardship Network - Chicago Wilderness
shrubs affected the shrubs' flammability in well-watered, controlled conditions. The 34 shrubs tested were selected based on the responses to a survey by fire professionals across the southern United States. Based on the results of the flammability study, the shrubs were grouped into three categories of flammability: high, moderate, and low .
CHAPTER 6: WATERWAYS. Contents. The Riparian Zone The Importance of Riparian Habitat to Fish and Wildlife River Dynamics 101 Managing Riparian Habitats Vegetation Management Natural Regeneration Native Plant Revegetation . The structure and composition of the riparian zone can be affected by the stream type and its active channel, as well as .
the transactions are difficult to discern. This makes it difficult to determine the overall size of activity and to know what the fair price is for a particular technology. And, of course, in highly inefficient markets a good deal of potentially valuable trade in innovation does not occur. The costs are so high and the potential value so difficult to perceive that innovation often sits “on .
