Pre-feasibility Study For The Ruhuhu Irrigation Project Update
Pre-feasibility Study for theRuhuhu IrrigationProject UpdatePresentation to StakeholdersLandmark Hotel, Ubungo, Dar es Salaam12th September 2014
An Introduction tothe Climate Resilient InfrastructureDevelopment Facility
What is CRIDFDFID-funded water infrastructure programme for southern AfricaAimed at catalysing delivery of sustainable small-scale infrastructureWorking through local networks and integrating into regional decisionmakingMainstreaming climate resilience into infrastructure planningLeaving behind sustainable solutions
The CRIDF Logical FrameworkOutputOutcomeImpactPrepare small scale water infrastructure projectsFacilitate access to finance for the implementation of these projectsEngaging with river basin organisation and national stakeholdersUsing CRIDF principles to ensure that investments align with strategic objectives Poor people will benefit from climate resilient water infrastructure Conditions for cooperation between stakeholders in shared river basins will beimproved Contribution to peaceful, climate resilient and sustainable planning andmanagement of shared waters in SADC for current and future benefits to thepoor.
What Are the CRIDF Countries?Working in 11 mainland SADCcountriesFocusing on DFID countries:Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa,Tanzania, Zambia and ZimbabweWith special attention on the lowincome countries: Malawi,Mozambique, Tanzania andZimbabwe
Demand Driven and within a ClimateChange ContextWorking with SADC and RBOs torespond to demand for investmentsDifferentiating between wellwatered (northern) basins andwater stressed (southern) basinsPursuing a specific strategy in eachbasin – different means ofimproving climate resilienceaccording to context
Support to a Range of Investments andActivitiesEntry Projects (Quick Wins) to engage with key stakeholders,deliver on the ground and demonstrate specific concepts morewidelyFocal Projects to deliver climate resilient investments toBankability and ImplementationStrategic Projects, engaging in longer-term concepts that lastbeyond the CRIDF timeframeStakeholder Engagement (TA) to assist RBOs and widen aswell as deepen Project influence
How Does the ‘Facility’ Work?EligibilityOne-stop shop, linking to allthe components necessary todeliver sustainable, climateresilient infrastructureInitial screening to determineeligibility (consistency withCRIDF mandate)BankabilityFinancialClosureSecure financing (could be fromCRIDF); andDeliver infrastructureDelivery of theinfrastructure
The Ruhuhu Irrigation Scheme
IntroductionProject initiated in 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture, FoodSecurity and Fisheries.Identified as a SADC Regional priority project, under the SADCRegional Indicative Development Masterplan.
CRIDF Eligibility Assessment
Regional and Trans-boundary ContextProject identified from the RIDMP (Maseru 23); adopted asa priority irrigation project (scope expanded after CRIDFintervention)Can significantly contribute towards clean energy supply tothe regionMay foster cooperation in national water infrastructuredevelopment in a transboundary basin
Lake Nyasa Sub-basin CharacteristicsRiver inflow into theLake Tanzania – 44%(27,623km2) Malawi – 46%(62,906km2) Mozambique –10% (8,182km2)
Climate Change Resilience ContextPossible climate change impacts identified: Increased occurrence of floods and droughts High projected population growth will increase demand for food Intensification and Diversification of crop production: higher tempsmay favour some crops eg ricePossible mitigation Increase productivity per ha; per m3 Rain-fed converted to irrigation (vulnerability to drought is shifted to aregional issues) Farmers become less vulnerable. Exploitation of underground water. After hydro-geological studies Reservoirs for hydropower production store more flood water for aneven power production and flood control Irrigation designs should cater for possible increase in irrigation peakrequirements.Need to diversify sources of livelihoods for households in the projectarea through provision of energy
Project Components
Component DescriptionsIrrigation development: About 3,200ha of irrigation on the left andright banks of the Ruhuhu River in the Manda and Lituhi Wards.Transportation link across the Ruhuhu River: The construction ofa bridge across the Ruhuhu River, to serve the left and right bankcommunities in the Njombe and Ruvuma Regions.Water supply and sanitation: The provision of safe and reliabledomestic water supply and sanitation for about 12,000 inhabitants inthe Manda (now Ruhuhu and Manda) and Lituhi Wards.Hydropower generation and distribution: The generation ofelectricity (medium- to large-scale for feeding into the national grid, orsmall-scale for local use).Flood control on the Ruhuhu delta: The management of high-waterflows, to help protect the communities and fields on the Ruhuhu deltafrom floods from the Ruhuhu River.
Status of each componentComponentStage in Development CycleHydropower generation and distributionReconnaissance study for the proposedKikonge Hydropower ProjectWater Supply and SanitationReconnaissance stage but will onlyproceed if the irrigation component isdevelopedTransportation link across the RuhuhuRiverDropped from CRIDF fundingFlood control on the Ruhuhu deltaTo included in the development of thedam for hydropowerIrrigation developmentPrefeasibility stage – subject of today’sworkshop.
Irrigation DevelopmentComponent
Ruhuhu Irrigation Project Results ChainMain tasks- by CRIDFAgriculture and IrrigationDesk study and literature review; Reconnaissance study for project indentificationand assess eligibility; Prefeasibility study or preliminary viability assessment;Feasibility analysis to assess viability, sustainability & bankability; Sourceimplementation funding and close financing deal; Prepare detailed designs andBoQ; Procure contractors; Supervise construction (CRIDF with MoAFS);Construction works (CRIDF with MoAFS); and Commissioning the scheme andhandover (CRIDF with MoAFS)Agricultural MarketingConduct market feasibility studyFeasibility analysis to assess viability, sustainability and bankability; Sourceimplementation funding and close financing deal (CRIDF with REA); Preparedetailed designs and BoQs (CRIDF with REA); Procure constractors (CRIDF withREA); Supervise Construction (CRIDF with REA); Construction of works (CRIDF withREA); and Commissioning the plant and handover (CRIDF with REA)Main Tasks - by othersOutput 1Irrigation infrastructure for targetedsmallholder farmers in the Ruhuhu andLituhi wards developed(CRIDF, GoT and Pvt Sector)Output 2Project Outcome 1Improved irrigation watermanagement practices adopted bysmallholder farmers in the irrigableareas of Lituhi and Ruhuhu wardsMarkets for crops produced by targetedsmallholder farmers developed(CRIDF, GoT and Pvt Sector)Output 3Project Outcome 2Capacity of private and public institutionssupporting the irrigation schemes improved(CRIDF, GoT & Pvt Sector)Increased agricultural production andproductivity for participating farmers inthe Lituhi and Ruhuhu wardsAgricultural SupportFacilitate the development and implementation of farm business (MoAFS) ;Capacity building of farmers to implement farm business plan (MoAFS); andDeveloping institutions for irrigation scheme maintenance (MoAFS)Agricultural MarketingOutput 4:Mini-hydropower infrastructure developed(CRIDF, TANESCO, Pvt Sector & REA)Develop agro-processing industry (MoAFS); and Link farmers to existing valuechains (MoAFS & Pvt Sector)Project Outcome 3Institutional DevelopmentDeveloping institutions for operation and maintenance of irrigation scheme(MoAFS & Pvt Sector); Capacity building and resourcing of extension staff andother service providers at all levels (MoAFS); Developing institutions for minihydropower generation operation and maintenance (REA & Pvt Sector); andDeveloping institutions for operation and maintenance of water supplyOutput 6Production and Productivity of targetedcrops under smallholder farming improved(GoT)Access to clean electricity for the ruralcommunity in the Lituhi wardimproved)
Ruhuhu Valley Irrigation Project
Results of the Prefeasibility Study
MethodologyHydrological and sedimentation studyGeological and geo-technical investigations (not yet done)Irrigation study Engineering Soils AgronomyProject cost estimation and economic analysisClimate resilience assessment (not yet done )Environmental and social scopingProject EvaluationTraining in notification requirements (not done – notificationadvisory prepared)
Siting of Intake StructureThe ferry site rejected as dam and intake siteIntake site selected 15km upstream of ferry site. Narrow river bed width, about 100mSubstantial exposure to rockAllow command of greater potential irrigable areaDiversion works impoundment will not result in displacement ofpeople Potential for development of a mini-hydropower of up to 500kWcapacity.
Intake Sites for the Irrigation Scheme
Ruhuhu Irrigation and HydropowerDam Sites
Hydrology and Sedimentation100 - 80% dependability flow at the intake site is about 20 –26m3/s.The flow potentially available for irrigation is about 16m3/s (60%of 80% dependable flow)No sedimentation studies carried out for the weir.Recommendations Detailed hydrological data, including reliable rainfall data, requiredfor further analysis Full understanding of existing and planned water abstractionlicences. Assess potential impact of climate change
Minimum Daily Mean Flow at the ProposedIntake Site
Soil Analysis
Land Use Classes (FAO)
Map of Potential Irrigable SoilsNYMU – 2100ha profile is deep,moderately well drainednon calcareous with verydark grey-brown(10YR4/2) sand clay loamin topsoil and lightbrownish grey (10YR6/2)clay loam in sub soil.When moist the soil isfirm in top soil toextremely firm in sub soil,while when wet theconsistence is slightlysticky and non-plastic intop soil.LUDMU – 1690ha
Land Suitability for Upland Crops and PaddyLand quality/characteristicsMapping unitsNYMULDMUInfiltration/permeability (i)12Capacity to maintain surface water (c)11Possibility for mechanization (m)11Soil workability (s)12Drainage (d)12Soil fertility (f)33Sodicity/Salinity (a)12S2fS2isfdaSuitability class
Soil Analysis ResultsAll the mapping units NYMU (2,117.13ha) and LUDMU(1,695.41ha) were rated as moderately suitable for paddy,maize and vegetables (tomatoes).If the soil fertility (f) is corrected, decantation basin (NYMU) willbe highly suitable (S1) for the production of irrigated uplandcrops.Sodicity may pose a threat to irrigated crops, especially tomaize and legume crops, which have low tolerance to the effectof sodium and high soil pH (FAO, 1986). Thus adequateprovision of farm drainage to keep the sodicity condition belowthe root zone is recommended.The potential area for irrigation agriculture is estimated to begreater than 5,947.7ha. However the area which this soilsurvey has covered is only about 3,812.54ha.
Marketing and Agronomic Studies
Current Crops, with Typical 1ha CroppingModelIn dry season, cassava is the main crop 60%, using residualsoil moistureIn wet season rice is the main crop.Other crops: maize and leafy vegetables.Crop typeRain seasonDry seasonPaddyMaizeCassavaVegetableFallowTotal% area cropped50101030100% area cropped260335100
Typical Irrigated cropping 1ha modelCrop typeRainy season(% area covered)Dry season(% area ssava-20Total100100
MarketingExplore the following: Establishment of warehouses Links to SACOGTMore needs to be done to understand marketing for the newirrigation scheme.
Crop Water RequirementsThe peak net monthly irrigation requirement for the mappingunit NYMU is 1,736m3/ha occurring in the month of August. Thepeak net irrigation duty requirement for the same mapping unitis 1.78l/s/ha, occurring in SeptemberThe peak net monthly irrigation requirement for the mappingunit LUDMU is 1,823m3/ha occurring in the month of August.The peak net irrigation duty requirement for the same mappingunit is 1.86l/s/ha, occurring in September
Irrigation Systems
Schematic layout of the Ruhuhu Multi-purpose Project200km 400kVA lineto MakambakoNSDLudewa District,Njombe RegionNyasa Region,RuvumaRegionRuhuhu Block:800haLituhi Block:2000haLake Malawi/Nyasa
Component DescriptionsIrrigation development: Area: Approx. 4000haNo. potential direct beneficiaries: 4,000 hh (20,000 pax)Indirect beneficiaries: 6,000hhCost: GBP21 millionMain crops: Rice, vegetables, maizeKikonge Hydropower Plant Dam height: 120mPotential installed capacity: 330 MWNo. beneficiaries: NationalPotential Cost: GBP400 millionMain advantage: Year round electricity production
Irrigation Headworks and Main CanalsDiversion weir: Mass concreteHeight: 10mWidth: 15mControl gate: 1.5 x 1.5mMain canal: Trapezoidal section Length: 10km
Schematic Layout of Irrigation Blocks –Flood IrrigationIntake weirRuhuhu RiverAMiniHydropowerBRuhuhu andLituhi WardManda WardsBLOCK AC6 x 100ha)DBalancingReservoir(Max.36hrBLOCK Dstorage)E10 x 100haBLOCK EFBLOCK BG3 x 125ha5 x 135haBLOCK C15 x 100haH
Schematic Layout of Irrigation Blocks –Pumped OptionSub-blocks D9&10211haSub-block D8Diversion works100haSub-block D7A100haBMHSSub-block D6100haCSub-block D5BLOCK A100haBalancing6 x 100haDSub-block D4Reservoir36 HRS100haSub-block D3EPump station 2BLOCK BRiver200haRuhuhuSub-blocks D1&2Ruhuhu RiverE100ha5 x 135haGBLOCK E277haRuhuhu andBLOCK CManda Wards15 x 100haHLituhi Ward
Cost EstimatesFlood irrigation option: USD14,350,000 (3,590/ha)Pumped irrigation scheme: USD28,925,000(7,230/ha)
Economic AnalysisParametersValueEIRR - Economic Internal rate of Return (%)13.3NPV – Net Present Value (million US )3.846B/C – Benefit Cost ratio1.16Average water Unit Cost (US / m3)0.150
ConclusionThe scheme is viable from an economic point of view
Way forwardDevelop scenarios for possible multiplier impacts from irrigationschemeDecision from CRIDF and DFID on funding of feasibility studyIf approved, develop terms of reference for the feasibility study,with DITS.Consider possibility to seek funding to develop a masterplan forthe Ruhuhu Valley, so as to better integrate irrigationdevelopment with other developments, especially miningactivities.
Kikonge Hydropower asl640620610masl520520520ActiveAve nflowm 3/s120120120ActiveStation CapacityStorage/Capacity 5SpillAnnualGeneration%5%10%15%GWh1187947782
Advantages of Kikonge Hydropower ProjectLarge storage – high energy security year roundCan be flexibly dispatched to meet seasonal or peakingrequirements of the systemCost of supply likely to be highly competitive with alternatives
Component description: Water supplyand sanitationNo. of households: 12,000Possible Cost: GBP530,000Project area: Ruhuhu, Manda and Lituhi wards in TanzaniaImmediate response Utilise potential ground water sources with simple technologyMedium term response Rehabilitate existing water systems (e.g. Lituhi water scheme) todetermine requirements to improve services
Desk study and literature review; Reconnaissance study for project indentification and assess eligibility; Prefeasibility study or preliminary viability assessment; Feasibility analysis to assess viability, sustainability & bankability; Source implementation funding and close financing deal; Prepare detailed designs and
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