Thermal Energy Storage - Cold Storage February 9, 2022 Reyad Sawafta, Ph.D.
Thermal Energy Storage - Cold StorageFebruary 9, 2022Reyad Sawafta, Ph.D.Chief Technology Officer & Co-FounderEmail: rsawafta@phasechange.comPhase Change Energy Solutionswww.phasechange.com1February 9, 2022
Phase Change Energy SolutionsPrivately Held Company with Manufacturing and R&D Facilities in North CarolinaVisionSmart Materials for People & the PlanetMissionA Smart Materials & Engineered Solutions Company Specializing in innovative Compositionsfor a Wide Range of Temperature Management Applications to Decarbonize Our EnergyFootprint and Enable Human Health2February 9, 20222
Phase Change Material (PCM) BasicsPCMs are substances with a high heat of fusion that,175 Cwhen melting or solidifying at a certain temperature,and can store and release large amounts of energy.The temperature of the material itself remains-75 Cconstant and does not affect the temperature of thesystemPCS has developed a family of proprietary, patentprotected PCMs referred to as BioPCM with highlytunable physical properties. PCS’s BioPCM can alsoexhibit a solid-to-solid or solid-to-gel phasetransition, instead of a solid-to-liquid phase transition–these BioPCM products do not “melt” in thetraditional sense!3February 9, 20223
Advancements in BioPCM-Based Materials for TES SystemsPCMs with High Energy Density andTunable Propertiesreduction in volume changesCp 100-500%Higher thermalconductivity 50%Higher specific heat“Maintained theoriginal thermalenergy storage”4K“Higher rate ofenergy chargeor discharge”α 50%Higher thermaldiffusivity comparedto gelled PCM“Maintained theoriginal thermaldiffusivity of thepure PCM”February 9, 2022 10-50%Higher densityΔVρ“Due to the lowerdifference betweensolid and liquiddensities”“More energycan be storedper unit volume”4From 3-5oC to 0.2oCReduction in supercoolingΔTtr“Due the presence of anucleation surface (gelledmatrix) for the growth ofcrystals as well as anucleating cites (NGPs)”
Applications of PCS Technology PlatformBUILT ENVIRONMENTEngineered to improve comfort andmanage energy in specific buildingtypes through temperature controlTELECOM/DATA CENTERSDesigned to reduce HVAC consumption,run-time, and cycling in IT facilitiesCOLD CHAIN & FOOD SERVICESPrecise temperature control for storageand transport of food, biologics,pharmaceuticals, and other temperaturesensitive items RetailCommercialHospitalityNew constructionRetrofittingMore than 15 million square feet ofBioPCM products have been installedgloballyBioPCM products installed at more than9600 telecom sites and data centersacross the USA Cell tower shelters Data rooms Pharma logisticsBulk PCMTrucking & freightCoolersCateringLast mile deliveryStorage & handlingMillions of cold chain and food packageshave been shipped using BioPCMproductsREFRIGERATIONMaintaining consistent temperature andproviding resilience in refrigerators,freezers, and cold storage facilitiesTHERMAL ENERGY STORAGEBulk thermal storage for commercialand industrial applications5February 9, 2022 Smart Shelves forrefrigerators, freezers,and cold storagefacilitiesMillions of dollars are saved annuallyusing Apollo Smart Shelves PCS’s thermal energy storage systemsare providing 100’s of millions of BTUsdaily for our customersHVAC load shiftingIndustrial heat recoveryThermal batteryDomestic hot water5
Thermal Energy Storage – PhaseStor IceStor Temperature Range -70 C to 150 C Available Options Stainless steel Aluminum Polymeric Available Sizes 10, 25, 40, 50,80, 100, and 120 ton.hr Available PCMs Liquid, Gel, Solid Additional Features Modular Dual-Mode (heating and cooling) Dual-ChamberModular tanks and heat exchangers Controlled Volume Expansion6February 9, 20226
Case Studies – Chemical Industry§ Due to the high temperature in the latex-paint reactor (exothermicreaction), a chilled water system was required to absorb the heat andkeep the temperature in the reactor lower to expedite the latex cyclingtime.§ Phase change materials technology present an alternative, smart,sustainable and cost-effective solution.§ PCM-based TES system was integrated into existing chiller circuit,passively absorb waste heat, maintain the temperature in the reactor atthe optimum conditions, and reducing the latex-paint cycling time.§ The captured heat was used again to seed the next batch7February 9, 2022
Thermal Energy Storage – PhaseStor Product Overview Bulk thermal storage for commercial andindustrial applicationsPCS’s thermal energy storage systems are providing 100’s of millions of BTUs daily forour customersCase Study: 150 ton.hr of 8C BioPCMat a site in CaliforniaKey Features & BenefitsResults : Adds thermal storage to new or existingsystems with easy installation quickly to the demands of a system Reduces HVAC operational and capital costsby off-peak charging and downsizing the chiller Provides redundancy and resilienceto improve energy BioPCMs do not change volume significantlyduring phase changes, such that PhaseStoravoids tank ruptures common to water/icebased systems8Cost Reduction: Over 43% due toPeak-load shifting avoids surge energy pricing 70-ton Chiller, Kwh useover 24 hr. demonstration cycle. Average (day-time) ambient air temperature:104Fpeak demand load shifting Modular systems can be used for both heatingand cooling Industrial waste heat can be captured andreusedFast Thermal Response: Reacted Energy Consumption Reduction:7% kWh savings by running chillerat night (increased efficiency)February 9, 20228
Thermal Energy Storage – PV - PhaseStor Combined Solar & PCM Thermal Energy StorageAdvantages :üüShifting solar energy from day to nightBack system during partial charge/dischargeüEnvironment: Decreased carbon dioxide emissions from agreater use of clean electricity. Heat pump: Chiltrix CX34 Fan type: Hydronic Air Handler - Fan coil unit “FirstCo.” PCM type: 50ºC for heating and 8ºC for cooling Nominal GPM: 33GPM per tank Free PCM charging PCM is passively charged using the chilled water from a heatpump connected to a PV panels Higher delta-T across the TES system. Delta-T is proportional to the effectiveness of the design; Canreach to an effectiveness of 80% depending on the mass flowrate and inlet temperature.9February 9, 20229
Thermal Energy Storage – PV - PhaseStor Case Study:üDay 1: Morning - started chiller (solar PV power).üDay 1: Afternoon - stopped chiller.üüDay 1: Night and all day Tuesday - power off, no activity.Day 2: Night - recovered energyDay 110February 9, 202210
Conclusions§ Phase Change materials (PCMs) are ice-like materials that operate using a phase changeprocess to store large amount of thermal energy at nearly constant temperature.§ PCM-based thermal energy storage systems can reduce carbon footprint and help balancingsupply and demand for individual facilities or power grids by storing time shifting heat at high orlow temperatures utilizing a thermal battery equipment.§ An ideal PCM-based thermal energy storage equipment features an easy integration, scalableand customizable design for any application.§ PCS has deployed TES systems with BioPCMs for several applications including manufacturingspanning a temperature range from -25 C to 85 C§ Recent innovations in advanced PCM technologies made it possible to link both traditional andrenewable energy production.11February 9, 202211
§ PCM-based thermal energy storage systems can reduce carbon footprint and help balancing supply and demand for individual facilities or power grids by storing time shifting heat at high or low temperatures utilizing a thermal battery equipment. § An ideal PCM-based thermal energy storage equipment features an easy integration, scalable
los angeles cold storage co. lyons cold storage llc marianne's ice cream mar-jac poultry mattingly cold storage mccook cold storage merchants cold storage, llc mesa cold storage midwest refrigerated services minnesota freezer warehouse co mtc logistics nestle usa new orleans cold storage newcold nor-am cold storage nor-am ice and cold storage
los angeles cold storage los angeles cold storage co. lyons cold storage llc marianne's ice cream mar-jac poultry mattingly cold storage mccook cold storage merchants cold storage, llc mesa cold storage midwest refrigerated services minnesota freezer warehouse co mtc logistics nestle usa new orleans cold storage newcold nor-am cold storage .
Commercial Cold Storage, Inc. Commercial Warehousing, Inc. Conestoga Cold Storage Congebec Logistics, Inc. Dick Cold Storage Doboy Cold Stores Pty, Ltd. Emergent Cold Pty Ltd Eskimo Cold Storage, LLC. Florida Freezer L. P. Friopuerto Investment, SLU Hall's Warehouse Corp. Hanson Logistics Henningsen Cold Storage Co. Innovative Cold Storage .
changes to thermal energy. Thermal energy causes the lamp's bulb to become warm to the touch. Using Thermal Energy All forms of energy can be changed into thermal energy. Recall that thermal energy is the energy due to the motion of particles that make up an object. People often use thermal energy to provide warmth or cook food. An electric space
The electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy by the heat sources. The thermal energy has to meet the demand from the downstream air-conditioning system. Thermal en-ergy storage systems can store thermal energy for a while. In other words the storages can delay the timing of thermal energy usage from electricity energy usage. Fig. 1 .
3. Thermal Energy Storage 18 3.1 Thermal Energy Storage Approaches 19 3.2 Sensible Heat Storage 19 3.3 Large-Scale Sensible Heat Stores 22 3.4 Latent Heat Storage 25 3.5 Thermochemical Heat Storage 28 3.6 Summary 29 4. Potential for Thermal Energy Storage in the UK Housing Stock 30 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 The Approach Adopted 31 4.3 Modelling 31
The thermal energy storage can be defined as the temporary storage of thermal energy at high or low temperatures. Thermal energy storage is an advances technology for storing thermal energy that can mitigate environmental impacts and facilitate more efficient and clean energy systems.
using the words kinetic energy, thermal energy, and temperature. Use the space below to write your description. 5. Brainstorm with your group 3 more examples of thermal energy transfer that you see in everyday life. Describe where the thermal energy starts, where the thermal energy goes, and the results of the thermal energy transfer.
