Autonomous Underwater Vehicles - FICCI

‘Make in India‘ Paradigm –Roadmap for a Future Ready Naval ForceOrganized by FICCI in association with Indian Navy18-19 April 2016Autonomous Underwater VehiclesDr. Manu Korulla

AUV VISIONTaking ‘Man Out of Water’ from alldangerous and monotonous activitiesunder water Sense, track, identify, target anddestroy an enemy Condition monitoring ofunderwater assets Pave way for sustainable oceanresource exploration Ocean environment monitoring– all autonomously “Eyes and Ears” for the fleetaway from fleet (ISR) Force multiplier – ASW,Combat support & CombatEngagement Represent u/w in thenetwork centric datacompilation & assessmentprocess

Requirements of AUVs Claiming, holding, utilizing the ocean– Explore, exploit and protect maritimeresources Security : Detecting, Deterring and Defeating– Coastal, littoral and blue water Condition monitoring of u/w assets India’s coastline: 7517 kmTerritorial waters 12 nmExclusive Economic Zone 200 nmArea coverage ,EEZ 23 lakhs sqkmNaval CapabilityRequirements Unseen but on scene (Stealth) Present when and where least expected ISR Oceanographic bathymetric surveys Battle space awareness and preparation Surface warfare Mine warfare Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) Special Operations & Strike support Low Intensity Conflicts

OPERATIONAL DEPTHThe Solution – Autonomous Sea VehiclesShips are Manned !Semi ibleAUVAutonomousUnderwaterVehicles

World Scenario

Large AUVs – AxisymmetricSmall AUVsGlidersHydrodynamicsHull StructurePropulsionControlNavigation and GuidancePower SystemsElectrical Systemsu/w CommunicationFO CommunicationVery Large AUVsVehicle SensorsApplicationsLarge AUVs – Flat FishTechnologiesPlatformsPlatforms – Technologies - ApplicationsTactical IntelligenceCollectionSignal, Electronics,Measurement and ImagingIntelligenceOceanographyDeployment of Leave BehindSensorsComputer SystemsAutonomous Sea SurfaceVehiclesLaunch & RecoverySystemsu/w Vision SystemsHarbour SurveillanceCommunication / NavigationNodeOcean Station and Sea LabImaging, Classification andIdentificationUndersea Test PlatformUnderwater SatelliteNetworkPayload ManagementSystemsInfrastructure MonitorBuoyancy ManagementSystemMaritime operations trainingArtificial Intelligence

Autonomous Systems : CapabilitiesScripted anned missionand behaviorAdaptive behaviourwith Human – in –loop for decisionsAdaptive with selfawareness andintelligenceCommercial classAutonomousVehiclesIIdiot UV convertibleROVsLarge multi missionAUVsI - Intelligence A - AutonomyCourtesy : ONR & NUWCAUVsROVsSmall cooperative‘swarms’AUV in MissionModeGlidersTowed VehicleSystemsSmall AUVsASSVsVehicleplatformMission Systems& Sensors

SPECTRUM OF TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED Vehicle Architecture & Hydrodynamics Propulsion Hull StructureAutonomous Vehicle inMission ModeTechnologies Power Control, Navigation & Guidance Communication Mission-critical Sensors Data , Signal & Image Processing Overall AutonomyTechnologiesassociated withVehiclePlatformMissionSystems &Sensors Launch & Recovery U/W Manipulator ( for Work Class )Launch &Recovery SystemNetwork withother IntelligentSystems

AUV development at NSTLTDV: Key features & capabilities Flat fish shaped, free flooding, re-configurable Size: 4.6 m x1.6 m x 0.7 m, Disp. : 1.5 Cum. Payload : 500 kg, positively buoyant with hovering OAS and INS, GPS & DVL aided navigation Underwater and surface comm. , U/W Camera andlightsAUV Sea trials Normal and emergency recovery aidsAchievements HSTT trials , Field trials and sea trials LARS and AUV release mechanism AUV center established ECIL as concurrent engineering partnerApplications Target for u/w exercises & deployment of leave behindsensors Click to play videoFor surveillance & Oceanographic surveys

Technologies Developed & ongoing research for AUV atNSTLPlatformTechnologiesHydrodynamicsControl Guidance andNavigationEnablingTechnologiesVehicle Autonomy & PathplanningCommunication & load SystemsMothership systems Manipulators Payload Release mechanisms Payload SensorsTest and trial rangeBuoyancy EngineVehicle TrackingPropulsionPressure test facilitiesAI & Expert SystemsLaunch and RecoverySensors and Sensor FusionAUV launch control systemRecovery AidGame simulation for scenariostudiesHILS & SimulationplatformsPower SourceHull StructureDocking systemsTechnologies DevelopedOngoing researchOpen test tankVehicle handling devicesFacilities

Decision making-Obstacle Avoidance Sonar-Identification and iverSonarProcessingUnitImageProcessingObstacle /ObjectDetectionStorage UnitRaw DataImagesObject /TargetinformationIdentification and Classification ModuleMCSFunctionsPathplanningMissionplanning

RECOVERY AIDS

Network class AUVs and systems- Surface Layer AUV- Interior Layer AUV- Bottom Layer systemsWing – in – Ground EffectcraftAutonomous Sea SurfaceVehicleSemi SubmersibleDocking SystemOcean StationDocking stationSubmarineOcean Satellite Launched AUVUnderwater Sea labSurface Layer AUVInterior Layer AUVAxisymmetricAUVFlat fish AUVBottom Layer systems

Technologies for networked operation of AUVsLBL system Fixed / moored transponder arrays placed at regularintervals at known global coordinates Transducers placed at vehicle Vehicle position localizationUSBL system USBL system deployed from a ship or stationaryvessel Transponders placed at vehicles Vehicle location through triangulation andlocalizationUnderwater satellitesDP buoys Stationed on the seasurface Receives informationfrom underwatersensors acoustically andtransmits to satellite /ground station nicationBuoyancyEngineCTDHydrokinetic turbine(for charging)Sea floorAcousticreleaseDisposable anchorweight

Ocean Information GridVarious ocean sensors and buoys deployed globallySource: Journal of Operational Oceanography

Strategy for deployment of unmanned sea systemsNew areas thatcannot be met byother systemsCost Effectiveand efficientreplacement ofexisting systemsAs functionalalternative forexisting mannedsystemsTechnology fromother applicationsfor AUVdevelopmentUse of technologiesdeveloped for AUVfor otherapplicationsEnhancing theCapabilities ofexisting MannedSystems

System trends– Platforms Large multi role capable AUVs Small AUV with cooperativenavigation operating in ‘swarms’– Low drag designs and miniaturization– Autonomy: Increased level of AI withself learning capabilities and sensorfusion– Biologically inspired propulsion– U/w Gliders (24 X 7)– Trends in propulsion & power Energy efficient power sources Renewable energy sources Digestive systems Biologically inspired propulsion– Self deployed and recovered AUVs– Reusable / Disposable system– Trends in modes ofoperation ROV AUV & ASSV Hybrid

Underwater gliders U/w Gliders are–––––Small Size ( 1 – 2 meter)Long Endurance ( upto 6 months )Low Speed ( about 1m/s )Low cost.Minimum power consumption ( 1 watt on Avg.) Buoyancy driven gliders can follow a saw-tooth pattern patter acrossocean depth, periodically they transmit the data collected by onboardsensors to mother ship or shore by satellite communication. Gliders areextremely stealthy. They are quite, with very low self-noise, small acousticcross section and leave a practically invisible wake.

Amphibian vehiclesVIDEOCourtesy: NRB

Way ahead AUV carriers (like aircraft carriers) that can fly in andfly out AUVs to and from the theater of operation AUVs that can fly in and out of mother ship to thesea Amphibians (land, air, sea surface and U/W) Networked systems with Ocean satellites, oceanStations and sea lab

Conclusion Robust, mature COTS, ROV, AUV and Semi-SumersibleAutonomous Vehicles and boats have arrived. Robotic Vehicles can be moved to theatres of operationby air. They carry sensor suites with the same capabilities asships. They provide standoff. They are relatively low cost and keep personal out ofharm’s way. They can be linked via shore, air, satellite or vessels ofopportunity.

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Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) Special Operations & Strike support Low Intensity Conflicts. Ships are Manned ! Towed . Semi Submersibles WIG The Solution -Autonomous Sea Vehicles. World Scenario. Platforms -Technologies - Applications . Undersea Test Platform Infrastructure Monitor Maritime operations training. Autonomous Systems .