Cloud Computing - Cs.wmich.edu
Cloud ComputingDr. Elise de DonckerCS6260Yazeed K. Almarshoud
Roadmap IntroductionParallel vs. Distributed Grid computing structure Flynn’s TaxonomyCloud vs. GridCloud Computing Possibilities Some Characteristics of Cloud Computing SaaS and Cloud Computing Supercomputing & Cloud ComputingClouds ExamplesConclusionsReferences
Introduction During the good economic times, enterprises do huge investment inInformation Technology (IT) infrastructure to achieve faster and reliableresponse to users’ queries. The concept of parallel computing & distributing systems widely usedand enhanced in many related environments (.i.e Grids)What is exactly the difference when we say Parallel or Distributed?
Parallel vs. Distributed Parallel computing generally means: Vector processing of dataMultiple CPUs in a single computerDistributed computing generally means: Multiple CPUs across many computers
Flynn’s TaxonomyMultiple (MD) Single (SD)DataInstructionsSingle (SI)Multiple g
SISDProcessorDDDDInstructionsDDD
2D2D2D3D3D3D3D3D3D3D4D4D4D4D4D4D4 DnDnDnDnDnDnDnInstructions
structions
Parallel vs. DistributedProcessorDDDDDDDDDNetwork connectionfor data ructionsParallel: Multiple CPUs within ashared memory machineDistributed: Multiple machines withown memory connected over a network
Divide and ker”“worker”r1r2r3“Result”Combine
Grid Computing Structure(big picture)
Cloud computing “Cloud computing is a computing paradigm shiftwhere computing is moved away from personalcomputers or an individual application server to a“cloud” of computers. Users of the cloud only need tobe concerned with the computing service being askedfor, as the underlying details of how it is achieved arehidden. This method of distributed computing is donethrough pooling all computer resources together andbeing managed by software rather than a human.“
Cloud vs. Grid Cloud Computing is an infrastructure thatvirtualizes hardware and software resourcesGrid Computing are patterns, tools andframeworks to distribute computing or dataA cloud can be the platform to run acomputing or data grid
Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a novel platform forcomputing and storage.Cloud computing provisions and configuresservers as needed.It allows for more efficient use of theenterprise resources and applications.It introduces accountability and streamlinescomputing needs of an enterprise.
Possibilities It is possible to consolidate all the needs of an organization in asystematic and accountable fashion.It is possible to procure computing related resources similar tohow you rent a place for living.For example, you can buy storage on demand from amazon.com in a service itoffers called the “S3” You can buy computation service from amazon.com in its “elasticcloud computing” service (EC2)Usage example: You are in charge of IT in a local company. Youhave an immediate need for backing up entire set up for a shortperiod of time as a mock up for disaster recovery. What wouldyou do?
What is driving Cloud Computing Technology advances that support massive scalability & accessibility Emergence of data intensive applications & new types of workloads Large scale information processing, i.e. parallel computing using Hadoop Web 2.0 rich media interactions Light weight run anywhere web appsSkyrocketing costsof power, space,maintenance, etc.Explosion of data intensiveapplications on the InternetAdvances in multi-corecomputer architectureFast growth of connectedmobile devicesGrowth of Web 2.0enabled PCs, TVs, etc.
Industry Trends Leading to CloudComputing2008200019901998Grid ComputingSolving large problemswith parallelcomputingMade mainstream byGlobus AllianceUtility ComputingOffering computingresources as ametered serviceIntroduced in late1990sSoftware as a Service Network-basedsubscriptions toapplications Gained momentumin 2001Cloud Computing Next-GenerationInternet computing Next-GenerationData Centers
Some Characteristics of CloudComputing Virtual – Physical location and underlying infrastructure details are transparent tousers Scalable – Able to break complex workloads into pieces to be served across anincrementally expandable infrastructure Efficient – Services Oriented Architecture for dynamic provisioning of shared computeresources Flexible – Can serve a variety of workload types – both consumer and commercial
Cloud Computing in the New Enterprise Data lopmenttools forimmediate useReduces time tolaunch newofferingsExpands sourcesof innovation,increasescompetitivenessLarge ScaleInformationProcessingOptimizesemerging Internetscale workloadsCloud Computing Management ServicesSelf-serviceAdmin PortalWorkload rkflowsProvisioningSLA andCapacity PlanningMonitoringVirtualized PhysicalServers(Ensembles)iDataPlex, BladeCenter, System x, System p, System z
Why Cloud Computing? Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIs[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Case Study of a Cloud sCurrentITSpendLiberatedfunding for newdevelopment,transformationinvestment ordirect savingStrategicChangeCapacityDeployment (1-time)Labor Costs(Operations andMaintenance)SoftwareCostsPower Costs(88.8%)HardwareCosts(annualized)Labor Costs( - 80.7%)Hardware Costs( - 88.7%)Note: 3-Year Depreciation Period with 10% Discount RateHardware, labor &power savingsreduced annual costof operation by83.8%
“Cloud Computing” Defined “as aService” types Everything as a service (EaaS or XaaS)Communication as a service (CaaS)Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)Monitoring as a service (MaaS)Software as a service (SaaS – includes ApplicationService Provider (ASP) services) Platform as a service (PaaS)[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSSoftware as a ServicePaaSPlatform as a ServiceIaaSInfrastructure as a Service[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSSoftware as a Service[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSSoftware delivery model Increasingly popular with SMEsNo hardware or software tomanageService delivered through abrowser[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSAdvantages Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIs[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSExamples CRMFinancial PlanningHuman ResourcesWord processingCommercial Services: Salesforce.comemailcloud[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
PaaSPlatform as a Service[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Platform delivery model PaaS Platforms are built uponInfrastructure, which isexpensiveEstimating demand is not ascience!Platform management is not fun![An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Popular services PaaS StorageDatabaseScalability[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Advantages PaaS Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIs[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Examples PaaS Google App EngineMossoAWS: S3[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
IaaSInfrastructure as a Service[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Computer infrastructuredelivery modelAccess to infrastructure stack: IaaS Full OS accessFirewallsRoutersLoad balancing[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Advantages IaaS Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIs[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Examples FlexiscaleAWS: EC2IaaS[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSSoftware as a ServicePaaSPlatform as a ServiceIaaSInfrastructure as a Service[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSCommon Factors PaaS Pay per useInstant ScalabilitySecurityReliabilityAPIsIaaS[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSAdvantages PaaS IaaS Lower cost of ownershipReduce infrastructuremanagement responsibilityAllow for unexpected resourceloadsFaster application rollout[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
SaaSCloud Economics PaaS IaaS Multi-tenentedVirtualisation lowers costs byincreasing utilisationEconomies of scale afforded bytechnologyAutomated update policy[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Supercomputing & Cloud Computing Two macro strategies dominate large-scale(intentional) computing infrastructuresSupercomputing type Structures Large-scale integrated coherent systemsManaged for high utilization and efficiencyEmerging cloud type Structures Large-scale loosely coupled, lightly integratedManaged for availability, throughput, reliability
How should we think about thecloud opportunities? Virtual zoo of systems?Replacements for Clusters?Extensions to existing systems andinfrastructure? Surge capacity?Edge datasystems?Opportunity to go “hardwareless”when designing new systems andservices?
The Virtual Zoo Access to a diverse image library providesan inexpensive mechanism to testapplications and services on a variety ofOS configurations without having to buildall of them. Leverages virtualization and communityimagesLeverages “cloud” when scale is importantUsing cloud for scalability testing could beinteresting when you have servers youwant to stress and test, but limited timeand resources Creating hundreds of running instances isrelatively easy and could be done by a fewpeople in less than a dayAutomation of the scalability testing couldbe easily accomplished
As Replacements for Clusters? There have been several experiments creating virtual clusters inEC2 and probably in other environments as well [PeterSkomoroch, et al]. These “soft” clusters are interesting, constructed on demand andthen torn down with the application run is complete. It might be possible to integrate virtual clusters into existingLinux cluster queues such that jobs that are queued for a physicalcluster could be dispatched to a local cluster or a cloud basedvirtual cluster for execution. In fact for throughput jobs this might be even more effective.Local facilities that start supporting image based schedulingservices would lead in this transition (i.e. you submit your job asone or more images rather than scripts or executables)Cloud hosting for clusters provides one easy way to implementcycle banking since each application determines their ownoperation environment and overheads are relatively low This would ideally be implemented as a distributedresource if physical ownership was importantVirtual ownership would make it much easier and robustto implement
Seamless extensions Like in the previous exampleseamlessly extending an existingqueue could be a one way tointegrate clouds with existingservices and systems.But we can imagine others.How about using the cloud as agiant impedance matcher forgeographically distributed systemsof large-scale sensors and tightlycoupled data analysisenvironments?The idea is simple.[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Surge Capacity Power companies have peakers. Typically natural gas powered turbines used duringtimes of peak demand for power.Clouds can be used for surge capacity forgroups that have variable demands for accessto compute cycles or server/service cycles
Sensor Cloud Supercomputer Next Generation Simulations Imagine thousands (or millions) ofdistributed sensors deployed over theglobe each generating data in someasynchronous fashion. Each sensor updates data structuresin the cloud via local internetconnections. The cloud isubiquitous, secure enough, reliableetc. and scales to the size of thesensor network and acts as animpedance matcher. Periodically harvesting processes (inthe cloud say) wake up and organizethe datasets into a fashion that theycan be downloaded coherently to asupercomputer for data assimilationto a large-scale parallel simulation.
Going Hardwareless Need: 24x7 access to flexiblyconfigured hardware, scalable datainfrastructure, and customizedoperating environment1000 cores x .10 hour x 8760hours/year x 3 years 2.6M1000 cores x 390/core 3 x 43,800power 3 x 200K 3 x 100K 1.4MIn my example if cluster utilization is 53% then it is cheaper to go“hardwareless” at current retail prices[An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney]
Clouds Examples Amazon.com Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) .Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)Hadoop (Map/Reduce) Large scale information processing, i.e. parallelcomputing
Conclusions The emerging concept of the cloud is pretty cool.The existing available “retail” models are hugely empowering,since they require only a credit card to get going.Ease of use is being tackled, a market is developing for imagesand value added services.Clouds feel like the next thing that will have traction and willenable hardwareless ventures.Scientific applications will not drive clouds, but will benefit fromtheir widespread adoption.It is a disruptive technology in many ways and theuniversity/agency shift will take some time, hence private sectorwill likely get significantly ahead.Many groups should be experimenting and it really is prettycheap to gain the critical experience to figure out interestingthings to try.
References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud computing Includes references to Amazon, Apple, Dell, Enomalism, Globus, Google,IBM, KnowledgeTreeLive, Nature, New York Times, Zimdesk Others like Microsoft Windows Live Skydrive important An Introduction to SaaS and Cloud Computing presentation By Ross Cooney http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon Elastic Compute Cloudhttp://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option com content&task view&idPolicy html Hadoop (MapReduce) and “Data Intensive Computing” See Data intensive computing minitrack at HICSS-42 January 2009 rid-in.html OGF Thought Leadership blogOGF22 talks by Charlie Catlett and Irving Wladawsky-Berger
Presentation Question:What are the two macro strategies dominate large-scale(intentional) computing infrastructures? Explain. Supercomputingtype Structures Large-scaleintegrated coherent systems Managed for high utilization and efficiency Emergingcloud type Structures Large-scaleloosely coupled, lightly integrated Managed for availability, throughput, reliability
Cloud computing "Cloud computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a "cloud" of computers. Users of the cloud only need to be concerned with the computing service being asked for, as the underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden.
Chapter 10 Cloud Computing: A Paradigm Shift 118 119 The Business Values of Cloud Computing Cost savings was the initial selling point of cloud computing. Cloud computing changes the way organisations think about IT costs. Advocates of cloud computing suggest that cloud computing will result in cost savings through
Cloud Computing J.B.I.E.T Page 5 Computing Paradigm Distinctions . The high-technology community has argued for many years about the precise definitions of centralized computing, parallel computing, distributed computing, and cloud computing. In general, distributed computing is the opposite of centralized computing.
Mobile Cloud Computing Cloud Computing has been identified as the next generation’s computing infrastructure. Cloud Computing allows access to infrastructure, platforms, and software provided by cloud providers at low cost, in an on-demand fashion. Mobile Cloud Computing is introduced as an int
Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing? Risks of Cloud Computing Practical Applications Benefits of Cloud Computing Adoption Strategies 5 4 3 2 1 Q&A What the Future Holds 7 6 Benefits of Cloud Computing Reduced Cost for Implementation Flexibility Scalability Disaster Relief Multitenancy Virtualization Pay incrementally Automatic Updates
UNIT 5: Securing the Cloud: Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services, Design principles, Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Cloud Computing Security Architecture . Legal issues in cloud Computing. Data Security in Cloud: Business Continuity and Disaster
The rationale of cloud computing (for the customer) is reduced and linearly scaling costs. Cloud computing allows allocating required computing resources dynamically to demand. It scales linearly with the number of users, i.e. incurs no or little capital expenses (capex), only operating expenses (opex). Traditional IT: Cloud computing: Users .
Cloud Computing activities in ITU-T SG 13 WP2 cloud computing : Q.17: Requirements, ecosystem and general capabilities for cloud computing and Big data Q.18:Cloud functional architecture, infrastructure and networking Q.19:End-to-end Cloud computing management and Security Joint Rapporte
ANSI A300 Purpose: To provide performance standards for developing written specifications for tree management. Currently nine individual parts . ANSI Z60 American Nurseryman and Landscape Association began developing this standard back in 1929 Became an ANSI document in 1949 Current version is 2004 . ANSI A300 The Tree Care Industry Association convened a consensus body .
