ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers' Association
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3 T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Foreword It is with great pleasure that I present to you the Automobile Industry Pocket Guide for 2016-2017. Updated with the latest data, it provides a clear overview of one of Europe’s key industries, making the Pocket Guide a demanded and valued tool for all those interested in automotive industry issues and policies. 2016 is a special year for ACEA, as it was exactly 25 years ago that our association was founded. Looking back at what Europe’s auto industry has achieved over these two and a half decades, it becomes clear that our industry has made a significant contribution to powering economic growth, spurring innovation, and driving safe and sustainable mobility for Europe and its citizens. The latest employment data show that 12.2 million Europeans now work directly or indirectly in the automotive sector, producing 18.4 million cars, vans, trucks and buses a year. A fleet of 291 million motor vehicles provides efficient mobility and transport solutions across the EU. In 2015, 15.8 million new motor vehicles were sold in the EU, with automobile trade generating a healthy trade surplus of more than 100 billion. Representing one of Europe’s most vital strategic industries, ACEA continues to contribute constructively to discussions with policy makers and other stakeholders in order to strengthen the global competitiveness of the automobile sector. At the same time, we are committed to meeting tomorrow’s challenges. In order to make mobility cleaner, smarter and safer in the future, the automobile industry will continue to play its role as a driving force for innovation in Europe. To that end, the automotive sector invests over 44.7 billion in innovation each year, making us the EU’s largest investor in R&D. A novelty to the 25th anniversary edition of our Pocket Guide, is that we are also making its content accessible through interactive infographics on our website, allowing everyone to explore the data in detail over time or to compare countries. I invite you to start exploring these figures and statistics by visiting the ‘Interactive Infographics’ part of our website’s ‘Statistics’ section. Erik Jonnaert ACEA Secretary General WWW. A C E A . B E
5 ABOUT ACEA ACEA represents Europe’s car, van, truck and bus makers Members and partners The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) is the advocate for the automobile industry in Europe, representing manufacturers of passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses with production sites in the EU. ACEA’s members are: BMW Group, Daimler, DAF Trucks, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford of Europe, Hyundai Motor Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, Opel Group, PSA Group, Renault Group, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars and Volvo Group. ACEA has permanent cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR), which is the industry body for collaborative research and development. ACEA works closely with the 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe, and maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world. WWW. A C E A . B E
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 6 ACEA’s mission and priority areas ACEA’s mission – Define and advocate the common interests, policies and positions of the European automobile industry. – Engage in dialogue with the European institutions and other stakeholders in order to advance understanding of industry issues, and to contribute to effective policy and legislation at both European and global levels. – Act as a portal for expert knowledge on vehicle-related regulation. – Communicate the role and importance of the industry, using reliable data and information. – Monitor activities that affect the automobile industry, cooperating with the other stakeholders involved. – Undertake strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of mobility, sustainability and competitiveness. Priority fields Through its member companies, ACEA taps into a wealth of technical, regulatory and practical expertise in the following priority fields: – – – – – – – Connected and Automated driving Competitiveness, Market and Economy Environment and Sustainability International Trade Research and Innovation Safety Transport Policy WWW. A C E A . B E
7 ABOUT ACEA How ACEA works The ACEA Board of Directors is composed of the CEOs of its member companies. Additionally, a Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors addresses the specific issues that face the commercial vehicle manufacturers that ACEA represents: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, Iveco, MAN Truck & Bus, Scania, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Group. The day-to-day work of the ACEA secretariat is overseen by the Secretary General, who ensures that the Board of Directors’ priorities are addressed. Technical expertise and advisory input comes from working groups on topics as diverse as emissions, road and vehicle safety, general transport policy, and regulatory compliance. These specialist working groups are made up of experts from the member companies. WWW. A C E A . B E
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 8 The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the collaborative research organisation of the major automobile manufacturers in Europe, with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers through strategic collaborative research and innovation. Together with its members, EUCAR drives the strategy and assessment of collaborative automotive research and innovation, and establishes common work with the European Commission, member states and other key stakeholders. These activities facilitate the participation of EUCAR’s members in high-quality projects with industrially-relevant results. Projects are mainly financed through the European Union Framework Programmes for research and innovation, matched with industry funding. EUCAR collaborative research and innovation activities cover both passenger and commercial vehicles, focused on the following strategic pillars: SAFE & INTEGRATED MOBILITY SUSTAINABLE PROPULSION AFFORDABILITY & COMPETITIVENESS Smart and safe vehicles for all purposes, integrated into a secure and intelligent transport system, progressing towards seamless mobility for all, maximum efficiency and ever-fewer accidents Collaborative automotive R&I towards propulsion systems which are clean and energy efficient over the full life-cycle, with cost-effective technologies, while maintaining customer priorities New sustainable approach to developing and producing affordable and competitive vehicles in Europe COMMERCIAL VEHICLES An integrated approach for reliable, clean, safe and efficient freight transport and passenger mobility, through dedicated vehicle concepts and effective logistics WWW. A C E A . B E
9 ABOUT ACEA EUCAR is governed by its Council, composed of the heads of the research and advanced development divisions of the member companies. The EUCAR Chairman is nominated annually from the Council on a rotating basis. EUCAR’s members are: BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford of Europe, Hyundai Motor Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, Opel Group, PSA Group, Renault Group, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars and Volvo Group. WWW. A C E A . B E
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 10 Key figures EMPLOYMENT Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU28) 2.3 million people 7.7% of EU employment in manufacturing 2013 Total (EU28 manufacturing, services and construction) 12.2 million people 5.6% of total EU employment 2013 Motor vehicles (world) 91.5 million units 2015 Motor vehicles (EU28) 18.4 million units 20% of global motor vehicle production 2015 Passenger cars (world) 73.5 million units 2015 Passenger cars (EU28) 16.0 million units 22% of global passenger car production 2015 PRODUCTION REGISTRATIONS Motor vehicles (world) 90.8 million units 2015 Motor vehicles (EU27) 15.8 million units 17% of global motor vehicle registrations/sales 2015 Passenger cars (world) 73.2 million units 2015 Passenger cars (EU27) 13.7 million units 19% of global passenger car registrations/sales 2015 Diesel (EU28) 51.6% 2015 Alternative fuels (EU28) 3.0% 2015 VEHICLES IN USE Motor vehicles (EU28) 291.1 million units 2014 Passenger cars (EU28) 252.7 million units 2014 Motorisation rate (EU28) 574 units per 1,000 inhabitants 2014 Average age (EU28) 9.7 years 2015 Exports (extra-EU28) 139.4 billion 2015 Imports (extra-EU28) 39.1 billion 2015 Trade balance 100.4 billion 2015 Average CO2 emissions (EU28) 119.6g CO2/km TRADE ENVIRONMENT 2015 INNOVATION Automobiles & parts sector 44.7 billion 2014 TAXATION Fiscal income from motor vehicles (EU15) 401.5 billion 2015 WWW. A C E A . B E
1 T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Employment WWW. A C E A . B E
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E M P L OY M E N T 13 Automotive sector: direct and indirect employment in the EU IN THOUSANDS / 2013 DIRECT MANUFACTURING 2,294 Motor vehicles 1,043 Bodies (coachwork), trailers and semi-trailers Parts and accessories 153 1,098 INDIRECT MANUFACTURING 807 Rubber tyres and tubes, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres 113 Computers and peripheral equipment 69 Electric motors, generators and transformers 219 Bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements 193 Cooling and ventilation equipment 213 AUTOMOBILE USE 4,220 Sale of motor vehicles 1,440 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles 1,476 Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories 700 Retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores 433 Renting and leasing of motor vehicles 171 TRANSPORT 4,303 Other passenger land transport 1,872 Freight transport by road 2,431 CONSTRUCTION 585 Roads and motorways 534 Bridges and tunnels 52 SOURCE: EUROSTAT WWW. A C E A . B E The automotive industry provides direct and indirect jobs for 12.2 million Europeans
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 14 EU automotive employment Manufacturing direct Manufacturing indirect IN MILLION UNITS / 2009 – 2013 Automobile use 14.1% 12 Transport Construction 3.6% 0.5% 0.8% 2011 2012 2013 10 8 6 4 2 0 2009 2010 SOURCE: EUROSTAT EU automotive employment Manufacturing direct Manufacturing indirect 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % change 13/12 1,807,450 2,049,371 2,230,937 2,290,416 2,294,104 0.2 750,703 813,283 844,287 829,588 806,641 -2.8 Automobile use 3,936,779 4,188,782 4,374,409 4,299,720 4,220,262 -1.8 Transport 3,116,011 3,926,462 3,945,370 4,067,166 4,303,079 5.8 587,592 653,989 653,752 625,386 585,195 -6.4 10,198,535 11,631,887 12,048,755 12,112,276 12,209,281 0.8 Construction TOTAL SOURCE: EUROSTAT The automotive sector accounts for 5.6% of all EU jobs WWW. A C E A . B E
E M P L OY M E N T 15 EU manufacturing employment Automotive manufacturing employment 10.4% 3.1 m 7.6 7.7% % 2.3 m 2.7% 7.6 % 0.8 m 2.3 % SHARE / 2013 Direct automotive manufacturing employment Indirect automotive manufacturing employment Non-automotive manufacturing employment 89.6% 26.6 m SOURCE: EUROSTAT Direct automotive employment (manufacturing) 2.3 m people 7.7% of EU employment in manufacturing Direct & indirect automotive manufacturing employment 3.1 m people Total automotive employment (manufacturing, services and construction) 12.2 m people EU economically-active population (labour force) 242.5 m people EU total employment 217.7 m people EU employment in the manufacturing sector 10.4% of EU employment in manufacturing 5.6% of total EU employment 29.7 m people 13.6% of total EU employment SOURCE: EUROSTAT WWW. A C E A . B E Over 10% of EU manufacturing employment is in the automotive sector
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 16 Direct automotive manufacturing employment / Active population ratio % SHARE, BY COUNTRY / 2013 CZECH REPUBLIC 2.70% SLOVAKIA 2.27% GERMANY 1.95% HUNGARY 1.67% ROMANIA 1.49% SWEDEN 1.28% SLOVENIA 1.21% EUROPEAN UNION 0.95% POLAND 0.94% FRANCE 0.80% BELGIUM 0.75% AUSTRIA 0.70% ITALY 0.63% PORTUGAL 0.59% SPAIN 0.57% UNITED KINGDOM 0.45% BULGARIA 0.37% FINLAND 0.25% NETHERLANDS LATVIA LITHUANIA 0.21% 0.16% 0.14% LUXEMBOURG 0.13% IRELAND 0.12% ESTONIA 0.10% CROATIA 0.09% DENMARK 0.05% GREECE 0.04% CYPRUS 0.03% SOURCE: EUROSTAT, SMMT 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Direct automotive manufacturing employment 2.5 BY COUNTRY / 2013 Austria 30,303 France 234,358 Netherlands Belgium 36,973 Germany 815,127 Poland Bulgaria 12,329 Greece 2,104 Portugal 30,461 Croatia 1,642 Hungary 74,362 Romania 137,512 Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark 144 142,556 1,450 Estonia 660 Finland 6,687 Ireland Italy 2,510 Slovakia 61,857 161,318 Slovenia 12,234 Latvia 1,621 Spain Lithuania 2,042 Sweden Luxembourg European Union 18,792 162,830 339 United Kingdom 131,493 66,400 146,000 2,294,104 SOURCE: EUROSTAT, SMMT The EU automotive sector directly employs 2.3 million people in manufacturing WWW. A C E A . B E
2 T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Production WWW. A C E A . B E
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PRODUCTION 19 World motor vehicle production Greater China Europe North America IN MILLION UNITS, % SHARE / 2000 – 2015 Japan/Korea South Asia South America Middle East/Africa 25 27% 20 31% 34% 23% 24% 30% 25% 20% 25% 15 21% 15% 18% 22% 16% 10 9% 9% 9% 5 7% 4% 4% 4% 2000 2005 3% 3% 2% 1% 0 SOURCE: IHS 6% 4% 2% 2010 World motor vehicle production 2015 IN 1,000 UNITS / 2015 2015 2014 % change 15/14 % share 2015 Europe 1 21,428 20,643 3.80 23.41 Greater China 2 24,826 24,156 2.77 27.12 Japan/Korea 13,644 14,074 -3.06 14.91 1,972 1,952 1.03 2.15 North America 18,053 17,523 3.03 19.72 South America 3,146 4,010 -21.56 3.44 South Asia 8,464 8,182 3.45 9.25 91,533 90,540 1.10 100.00 Middle East/Africa WORLD SOURCE: IHS WWW. A C E A . B E 1. Includes Turkey and CIS countries 2. Includes Hong Kong and Taiwan 91.5 million motor vehicles were produced globally in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 20 World passenger car production Greater China Europe North America IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 Japan/Korea South Asia South America Middle East/Africa 80 4.0% 2.0% 4.4% 70 6.5% 3.7% 24.0% 60 5.7% 4.8% -3.5% 4.0% -12.7% 50 40 30 20 10 0 SOURCE: IHS 2004 2005 2006 2% Middle East/Africa 4% South America 8% South Asia 16% Japan/Korea 2007 2008 2009 % SHARE / 2015 73.5 million passenger cars were produced globally in 2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Greater China 26% Europe 25% North America 19% WWW. A C E A . B E
PRODUCTION 21 World commercial vehicle production Greater China Europe North America Japan/Korea IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 South Asia South America Middle East/Africa 20 18 31.7% 2.2% 2010 2011 1.4% 2.9% -0.7% -2.4% 2013 2014 2015 5.6% 16 4.9% -6.5% 2.7% 14 -11.7% 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 SOURCE: IHS 2004 2005 2006 3% Middle East/Africa 4% South America 9% Japan/Korea 13% South Asia 18% Europe WWW. A C E A . B E 2007 2008 2009 2012 Greater China 31% North America 22% % SHARE / 2015 18.1 million commercial vehicles were manufactured worldwide in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 22 Motor vehicle production in the EU BY COUNTRY / 2015 PC 1 LCV 2 MCV 3 HCV 4 TOTAL Austria 102,512 – 11,342 7,759 121,613 Belgium 364,574 222 0 30,990 395,786 Bulgaria 975 758 – – 1,733 1,244,406 11,137 0 789 1,256,332 Czech Republic Finland 79,564 – – 278 79,842 France 1,492,402 445,322 11,091 44,960 1,993,775 Germany 5,557,943 390,818 36,918 116,133 6,101,812 Hungary 522,955 – – 0 522,955 Italy 666,234 280,606 32,383 10,287 989,510 Lithuania – – 0 70 70 56,778 – – 62,485 119,263 Poland 472,041 172,519 0 10,372 654,932 Portugal 102,151 50,425 2,782 – 155,358 Romania 381,080 0 0 0 381,080 Slovakia 909,551 – – – 909,551 Slovenia 128,829 – – – 128,829 2,174,826 530,210 8,366 22,144 2,735,546 Netherlands Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union 171,949 – – 35,918 207,867 1,588,062 73,997 6,926 8,812 1,677,797 16,016,832 1,956,014 109,808 350,997 18,433,651 SOURCE: IHS EU motor vehicle production by type 1.9% Heavy commercial vehicles 0.6% Medium commercial vehicles 10.6% Light commercial vehicles 86.9% Passenger cars % SHARE / 2015 1. Passenger cars 1. Light commercial vehicles up to 3.5t 2. Medium commercial vehicles from 3.5t to 15t 3. Heavy commercial vehicles over 15t (incl. arctic trucks) 18.4 million vehicles were manufactured in the EU in 2015 WWW. A C E A . B E
PRODUCTION 23 Passenger car production in the EU IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 18 4.7% -1.3% 16 7.1% 0.6% -7.8% 9.4% 2.0% 4.7% -5.5% 0.7% 2012 2013 -12.2% 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 SOURCE: IHS 2004 WWW. A C E A . B E 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2014 2015 16 million cars were made in the EU in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 24 Commercial vehicle production in the EU LCV 1 MCV 2 HCV IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 3 3 8.5% -2.9% 3.6% 6.7% 2.5 7.8% 17.2% 10.4% -11.1% 35.1% 2 0.2% -46.3% 1.5 1 0.5 0 SOURCE: IHS 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1. Light commercial vehicles up to 3.5t 2. Medium commercial vehicles from 3.5t to 15t 3. Heavy commercial vehicles over 15t (incl. arctic trucks) 2.4 million commercial vehicles were produced in the EU in 2015 WWW. A C E A . B E
PRODUCTION 25 Motor vehicle production per direct automotive manufacturing worker IN UNITS, BY COUNTRY / 2013 * 16.48 SPAIN 13.44 BELGIUM 13.38 SLOVAKIA 10.90 UNITED KINGDOM SLOVENIA 7.66 FRANCE 7.59 7.48 CZECH REPUBLIC 7.11 EUROPEAN UNION 7.08 GERMANY 5.49 AUSTRIA 5.03 PORTUGAL 4.21 HUNGARY 4.03 ITALY 3.50 POLAND 3.03 SWEDEN 2.92 ROMANIA 2.86 NETHERLANDS 1.18 FINLAND BULGARIA LITHUANIA SOURCE: IHS, EUROSTAT 0.13 0.01 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 * Based on most recent direct automotive manufacturing employment data available. WWW. A C E A . B E The EU auto industry produces an average of 7 vehicles per worker annually
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 26 Automobile assembly and engine production plants in Europe EU Non-EU FINLAND SWEDEN 2 36 RUSSIA 9 3 33 UNITED KINGDOM 8 8 FRANCE 33 15 POLAND 42 GERMANY NETHERLANDS 10 BELGIUM 2016 AUSTRIA 5 SLOVENIA 1 ITALY 25 SERBIA BELARUS 9 UKRAINE CZECH REPUBLIC 3 4 2 KAZAKHSTAN SLOVAKIA 7 HUNGARY CROATIA 3 3 ROMANIA 1 BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN 2 14 SPAIN 5 17 TURKEY PORTUGAL EUROPE 26 296 EU 19 225 ALL MANUFACTURERS EUROPE EU 21 188 16 163 ACEA MEMBERS SOURCE: ACEA There are 225 assembly and production plants in the EU WWW. A C E A . B E
3 T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Registrations WWW. A C E A . B E
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R E G I S T R AT I O N S 29 World new motor vehicle registrations Motor vehicles MARKET SHARES / 2015 2015 2014 % change 15/14 % share 2015 EUROPE 19,317 18,711 3.2 21.3 EU 1 15,793 14,401 9.7 17.4 565 526 7.4 0.6 Russia 1,657 2,581 -35.8 1.8 Turkey 1,010 801 26.0 1.1 47 99 -52.0 0.1 245 303 -19.0 0.3 AMERICA 25,803 25,572 0.9 28.4 North America 21,255 19,959 6.5 23.4 17,929 16,926 5.9 19.7 4,549 5,613 -19.0 5.0 2,565 3,494 -26.6 2.8 EFTA Ukraine Others: Europe 2 of which the US South America of which Brazil In 1,000 units ASIA 40,859 39,844 2.5 45.0 China 25,333 24,264 4.4 27.9 Japan 5,038 5,558 -9.4 5.5 India 3,490 3,212 8.7 3.8 South Korea 1,839 1,654 11.2 2.0 Others: Asia 3 5,160 5,155 0.1 5.7 MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 4,860 5,116 -5.0 5.3 90,839 89,242 1.8 100.0 WORLD SOURCE: ACEA, IHS 21.3% Europe 28.4% America WWW. A C E A . B E 1. Data for Malta n.a. 2. Includes Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Serbia, Uzbekistan 3. Includes Hong Kong, Taiwan and other South Asian countries excluding India Asia 45% Middle East/Africa 5.3% 90.8 million vehicles were sold worldwide in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 30 World new passenger car registrations Passenger cars MARKET SHARES / 2015 2015 2014 % change 15/14 % share 2015 EUROPE 16,672 16,270 2.5 22.8 EU 1 13,714 12,551 9.3 18.7 488 456 7.2 0.7 Russia 1,495 2,327 -35.8 2.0 Turkey 726 587 23.5 1.0 Ukraine 43 91 -52.4 0.1 206 257 -20.0 0.3 AMERICA 20,714 20,630 0.4 28.3 North America2 17,170 16,282 5.5 23.5 14,506 13,842 4.8 19.8 3,544 4,348 -18.5 4.8 2,125 2,801 -24.1 2.9 EFTA Others: Europe of which the US South America of which Brazil In 1,000 units ASIA 31,888 30,376 5.0 43.6 China 19,717 18,071 9.1 26.9 Japan 4,209 4,693 -10.3 5.7 India 2,823 2,601 8.6 3.9 South Korea 1,526 1,365 11.8 2.1 Others: Asia 3,612 3,646 -0.9 4.9 MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 3,937 4,084 -3.6 5.4 73,210 71,360 2.6 WORLD SOURCE: ACEA, IHS 28.3% America 22.8% Europe 73.2 million cars were registred worldwide in 2015 100.0 1. Data for Malta n.a. 2. Based on production type Asia 43.6% Middle East/ Africa 5.4% WWW. A C E A . B E
R E G I S T R AT I O N S 31 World new commercial vehicle registrations MARKET SHARES / 2015 Commercial vehicles 1 in 1,000 units 2015 2014 % change 15/14 % share 2015 EUROPE 2,645 EU 2 2,079 2,441 8.4 15.0 1,849 12.4 EFTA 11.8 77 71 8.4 0.4 Russia 162 254 -36.3 0.9 Turkey 284 214 32.9 1.6 4 7 -47.2 0.0 39 45 -13.1 0.2 AMERICA 5,090 4,942 3.0 28.9 North America3 4,085 3,677 11.1 23.2 3,423 3,084 11.0 19.4 1,005 1,265 -20.5 5.7 440 693 -36.6 2.5 Ukraine Others: Europe of which the US South America of which Brazil ASIA 8,971 9,468 -5.2 50.9 China 5,616 6,193 -9.3 31.9 Japan 828 865 -4.3 4.7 India 667 611 9.1 3.8 South Korea 313 288 8.6 1.8 Others: Asia 1,548 1,510 2.5 8.8 922 1,032 -10.6 5.2 17,882 -1.4 100.0 MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 17,629 WORLD SOURCE: ACEA, IHS 28.9% America 15% Europe WWW. A C E A . B E 1. Includes light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, and buses and coaches 2. Data for Malta n.a. 3. Based on production type Asia 50.9% Middle East/ Africa 5.2% 17.6 million vans, trucks and buses were registered globally in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 32 Motor vehicle registrations in the EU1 PC 2 BY COUNTRY / 2015 LCV 3 CV 4 BC 5 TOTAL Austria 308,555 32,862 7,281 899 349,597 Belgium 501,066 61,208 8,327 923 571,524 Bulgaria 23,500 4,553 - - 28,053 Croatia 34,820 6,695 1,011 122 42,648 Cyprus 10,344 1,443 47 - 11,834 Czech Republic 230,857 17,131 10,732 1,350 260,070 Denmark 207,552 32,479 4,756 532 245,319 Estonia 20,349 3,580 762 230 24,921 Finland 108,812 11,431 2,707 526 123,476 France 1,917,226 377,738 42,783 7,345 2,345,092 Germany 3,206,042 237,902 89,744 6,137 3,539,825 Greece 75,805 5,653 457 129 82,044 Hungary 77,171 17,515 5,701 546 100,933 Ireland 124,945 23,722 1,841 313 150,821 1,574,872 132,186 15,248 2,419 1,724,725 Latvia 13,765 2,347 1,468 251 17,831 Lithuania 17,085 2,367 3,715 192 23,359 Luxemburg 46,473 3,807 1,076 251 51,607 Netherlands 449,393 57,717 13,767 344 521,221 Poland 354,975 53,285 22,437 1,739 432,436 Portugal 178,496 30,858 4,039 254 213,647 Romania 81,162 11,066 5,954 2,309 100,491 90,091 Italy Slovakia 77,968 7,297 4,447 379 Slovenia 59,450 7,452 1,907 163 68,972 1,034,232 154,928 22,435 2,617 1,214,212 Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union 345,108 44,798 5,457 1,330 396,693 2,633,503 371,830 47,590 8,483 3,061,406 15,792,848 13,713,526 1,713,850 325,689 39,783 Iceland 14,029 1,355 225 95 15,704 Norway 150,686 33,254 5,196 970 190,106 Switzerland 323,783 31,018 3,878 745 359,424 EFTA EU EFTA SOURCE: ACEA, NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE ASSOCIATIONS 488,498 65,627 9,299 1,810 565,234 14,202,024 1,779,477 334,988 41,593 16,358,082 1. Data for Malta n.a. 2. Passenger cars 3. New light commercial vehicles up to 3.5t 4. New commercial vehicles (trucks) over 3.5t 5. New buses and coaches over 3.5t The EU represents a market of 15.8 million vehicles WWW. A C E A . B E
R E G I S T R AT I O N S 33 New passenger car registrations and annual GDP growth in the EU 2004 – 2017 EU new passager car registrations (million units) EU GDP growth (annual % change) 17 4% 16 3% 15 2% 14 1% 13 0% 12 -1% 11 -2% 10 -3% 9 -4% 8 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 SOURCE: ACEA, IHS, DG ECFIN New commercial vehicle registrations and annual GDP growth in the EU 2004 – 2017 EU new commercial vehicle registrations (million units) EU GDP growth (annual % change) 2.8 4% 2.6 3% 2.4 2% 2.2 1% 2.0 0% 1.8 -1% 1.6 -2% 1.4 -3% 1.2 -4% 1.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 SOURCE: ACEA, IHS, DG ECFIN WWW. A C E A . B E Vehicle sales mirror economic growth
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 34 New passenger car registrations in the EU IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 18 16 -0.5% 3.5% 0.9% -7.9% -1.2% 14 -5.6% 9.3% -1.6% -8.2% -1.4% 5.7% 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 SOURCE: ACEA 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 13.7 million cars were registered in the EU in 2015 2014 2015 WWW. A C E A . B E
R E G I S T R AT I O N S 35 New commercial vehicle registrations in the EU New light commercial vehicles 1 IN MILLION UNITS, % CHANGE / 2004 – 2015 New commercial vehicles and buses and coaches 2 3 7.5% -7.3% 7.6% 2.5 2.6% 12.4% 9.8% 2 7.7% 7.3% -33.0% -12.4% 1.3% 2012 2013 1.5 1 0.5 0 SOURCE: ACEA 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2014 2015 1. up to 3.5t 2. over 3.5t WWW. A C E A . B E 2.1 million commercial vehicles were registered in the EU in 2015
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 36 New passenger car registrations per 1,000 inhabitants BY COUNTRY, IN UNITS / 2015 83 LUXEMBOURG 45 BELGIUM 41 UNITED KINGDOM 39 GERMANY 37 DENMARK 36 AUSTRIA 35 SWEDEN 29 FRANCE 29 SLOVENIA 27 EUROPEAN UNION IRELAND 27 NETHERLANDS 27 26 ITALY 22 SPAIN 22 CZECH REPUBLIC 20 FINLAND 17 PORTUGAL 15 ESTONIA 14 SLOVAKIA 12 CYPRUS 9 POLAND 8 CROATIA 8 HUNGARY 7 GREECE 7 LATVIA 6 LITHUANIA ROMANIA BULGARIA SOURCE: ACEA, EUROSTAT 4 3 10 20 30 40 50 27 new cars were registered per 1,000 inhabitants in the EU in 2015 60 70 80 90 WWW. A C E A . B E
R E G I S T R AT I O N S 37 New passenger cars sold in the EU Small (A B) Lower medium (C ) Upper medium (D) BY SEGMENT, IN MILLION UNITS, % SHARE / 2004 – 2015 Luxury (E F) MPV 1 SUV 2 18 16 14 12 23% 10 11% 3% 8 10% 6 22% 4 2 31% 0 2004 SOURCE: IHS WWW. A C E A . B E 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1. Multi-purpose vehicles 2. Sport utility vehicles Small cars make up nearly one third of all EU car sales
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 38 New passenger cars in the EU by fuel type Petrol Diesel Alternative fuels 2012 2013 2.2% 2.4% 54.9% 52.5% 43.0% 45.1% 2014 SOURCE: EEA % SHARE / 2012 – 2015 1 2015 2.7 % 3.0 % 53.0 % 51.6 % 44.3 % 45.4 % 2 1. Includes pure electric, liquefied petroleum gas vehicles (LPG), natural gas vehicles, ethanol (E85), biodiesel and plug-in hybrid vehicles 2. Provisional data Alternative fuel vehicles represent a small but growing share of the EU car market WWW. A C E A . B E
4 T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Vehicles in use WWW. A C E A . B E
WWW. A C E A . B E
VEHICLES IN USE 41 Motorisation rate per 1,000 inhabitants NAFTA IN UNITS, % CHANGE 2014/2005 4% 57% RUSSIA/TURKEY OTHER EUROPE 661 277 7% EU EFTA 569 354 644 277 204 808 189 289 101 129 416 102 170 61 22 232 20 59% CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA 714 180 320 176 83 405 207 44 31% AFRICA 778 79 ASIA/OCEANIA 123% MIDDLE EAST 551 6% JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA 180 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants ( 25%) SOURCE: OICA WWW. A C E A . B E The world motorisation rate rose by a quarter over the past decade
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 42 Passenger cars in use 2005 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON, IN MILLION UNITS / 2005 – 2014 2014 250 253 229 200 150 133 121 116 100 57 61 50 43 26 21 33 18 14 0 SOURCE: OICA EU US CHINA JAPAN Commercial vehicles in use 2005 RUSSIA BRAZIL 26 MEXICO 18 22 CANADA 8 22 INDIA 11 16 SOUTH KOREA INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON, IN MILLION UNITS / 2005 – 2014 2014 140 137 120 100 105 80 60 40 34 38 27 20 10 19 17 7 0 SOURCE: OICA US EU CHINA JAPAN 10 MEXICO 5 9 BRAZIL 4 8 6 7 INDONESIA THAILAND 6 7 3 RUSSIA The EU has the largest passenger car fleet in the world 6 INDIA WWW. A C E A . B E
VEHICLES IN USE 43 Motorisation rate in the EU PER 1,000 INHABITANTS / 2014 757 LUXEMBOURG 741 MALTA 710 LITHUANIA 690 ITALY 689 FINLAND 682 CYPRUS 623 POLAND 604 AUSTRIA 591 GREECE 590 GERMANY 583 SPAIN 583 FRANCE 577 UNITED KINGDOM EUROPEAN UNION 574 ESTONIA 570 SLOVENIA 569 BELGIUM 565 NETHERLANDS 549 PORTUGAL 546 537 SWEDEN 537 CZECH REPUBLIC 494 DENMARK 491 IRELAND 479 BULGARIA 420 SLOVAKIA 382 CROATIA 373 LATVIA 366 HUNGARY 286 ROMANIA SOURCE: OICA, EUROSTAT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 WWW. A C E A . B E The EU counts 574 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
T H E A U T O M O B I L E I N D U S T RY POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 44 EU vehicle fleet: size and distribution Passenger cars IN MILLION UNITS / 2005 – 2014 Commercial vehicles 300 250 200 34 229 35 36 233 232 2006 2007 37 37 37 237 239 242 2008 2009 2010 38 38 38 38 245 247 250 253 2011 2012 2013 2014 150 100 50 0 SOURCE: OICA 2005 The EU vehicle fleet continues to grow WWW. A C E A . B E
VEHICLES IN USE 45 Passenger car fleet by country and age Less than 5 years From 5 to 10 years % SHARE / 2014 More than 10 years AUSTRIA BELGIUM CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK ESTONIA FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ITALY NETHERLANDS POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA SPAIN SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% SOURCE: ANFAC VEHICLES IN USE REPORT Note: Only countries for which sourced data is available are listed Average age of the EU car fleet IN YEARS / 2007 – 2015 10 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.3 9.1 9 8.5 9.6 8.9 8.4 8.5 8.6 8 7.5 SOURCE: IHS 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 * 2015 * * Years 2014 and 2
THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 3 POCKET GUIDE 2016 / 2017 Foreword It is with great pleasure that I present to you the Automobile Industry Pocket Guide for 2016-2017. Updated with the latest data, it provides a clear overview of one of Europe's key industries, making the Pocket Guide a demanded and valued tool for all
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Fifth Edition European Automobile Manufacturers Association Avenue des Nerviens 85 B-1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: 32 2 732 55 50 Fax: 32 2 738 73 10 www.acea.be Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Jidosha Kaikan 1-30, Shiba Daimon 1-Chome Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012 Japan Tel: 81-3-5405-6125 Fax: 81-3-5405-6136 www.japanauto.com Alliance of
THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 5 POCKET GUIDE 2020/ 2021 WWW.ACEA.BE Impact of COVID-19 on the EU automobile industry MARCH - MAY 2020 Employees affected1 Estimated loss in production2 (number of vehicles) Average shutdown duration3 (in working days) Austria 14,307 26,480 34 Belgium 30,000 33,360 25 Croatia 700 - 29 Czech Republic 45,000 155,060 29
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Years CO2 emission in g/km ADEME 05, EEC 03 ACEA ACEA commitment 2008 ACEA commitment 2012 . Accord Grande compacité ( 1cm/kW) Modifier au minimum l’architecture du GMP . CO Honda 2 emission values in g/km Vehicle COMPAR_CO2_VEH. INRE
Automotive Aftermarket Suppliers Association (AASA), Brake Manufacturers Council (BMC), Heavy Duty Manufacturers Association (HDMA), Auto Care Association, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (Alliance), Association of Global Automakers, Inc. (Global Automakers) and Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) is to reduce heavy metals
Introduction: From Figure to Field There are, in fact, no cities anymore. It goes on like a forest. —Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1955 Landscape has recently emerged as model and medium for the contemporary city. This claim has been available since the turn of the twenty-first century in the discourse and practices the term “landscape urbanism” describes. This volume offers the first .
