Calcium Hydroxide (Activator Of Sodium Persulfate) - California
Calcium Hydroxide (Activator of Sodium Persulfate) 1. Submitted by Gary Cronk, JAG Consulting Group, Inc. 2. Calcium hydroxide is a solid granular product commonly called hydrated lime or slaked lime. It is commonly mixed with soil, and then sprayed with water used to raise the pH of soil and water to act as an activator of sodium persulfate. When added to water, calcium hydroxide dissociates into calcium ions and hydroxide ions. 3. MSDS - See attached file 4. Number of Field Applications: 300 (estimated) 5. Case Studies - See attached files 6. Technical Summary: Calcium hydroxide is used as a high pH activator of sodium persufate. Calcium hydroxide is normally delivered in 50 pound or 1,000 pound bags. When added to soil or groundwater, calcium hydroxide will cause the pH of the surrounding treatment area to increase to over 10. 5 pH units. A bench scale soil buffering test should be performed in the laboratory to determine the quantity of calcium hydroxide required to raise the pH to 10.5 units and to maintain that pH for up to 4 hours. A properly designed buffering test will determine the soil buffering capacity in units of grams of NaOH per kilogram of soil. Soil buffering capacity can vary greatly between sites (over 10 fold). Immediately after injection, calcium levels will increase by approximately 20% over baseline levels within the radius of influence. Calcium ions are quickly diluted and dispersed by groundwater flow until the effects are no longer detectable. Hydroxide ions will cause an immediate increase of pH that lasts about 30 days. At properly designed sites, the pH will typically return to normal within 30 to 60 days. The natural soil buffering capacity slowly neutralizes the high pH conditions and restores the groundwater to a neutral pH. Calcium hydroxide is highly corrosive and must be handled with established safety precautions. Calcium hydroxide (in powder or liquid form) can cause serious burns to the skin, eyes, and lungs, so use of proper PPE is critical. A full face respirator, chemical resistant clothing, and gloves are required when handling calcium hydroxide.
Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxide for Inclusion in the General WDR Permit By: Gary Cronk, P.E. JAG Consulting C lti G Group, IInc. May 15, 2013
Physical Description of Calcium Hydroxide Simple molecular structure: Ca(OH)2 Also Al kknown as H Hydrated d t d Li Lime or Sl Slaked k d Li Lime Solid (granular) chemical that is commonly used for soil blending gp projects j Mixed using excavation equipment with sodium persulfate into shallow soils to treat VOCs. Generates heat. Portland cement can also be used with lime (provides stabilization) Combined high pH and the heat generated provides dual activation ti ti off persulfate. lf t
Testing to Ensure Effectiveness Soil buffering test should be performed initially Determines the amount of hydroxide required to raise and maintain the pH over 10.5 units A properly designed test will determine the soil buffering capacity p y in units of g grams CaOH p per kilogram g of soil Soil buffering capacity can vary greatly between sites.
Impact on Water Quality Ca(OH)2 disassociates into calcium ions and hydroxide ions Calcium levels may increase by approximately 20% within the treatment area Calcium hydroxide will cause an immediate increase of pH At properly designed sites, the pH will typically return to normal within 30 to 60 days, as the soil buffering capacity slowly neutralizes the alkaline conditions and restores the site to a normal pH
Minimize Health & Safety Issues Safe handling of calcium hydroxide requires close adherence to established safety precautions. Calcium hydroxide can cause serious burns to skin and lungs so use of proper PPE is critical. Dust generation is the primary route of exposure for gp projects. j soil blending Chemical delivered in Super Sacks of 1,000 lbs
Case Study No No. 1 ‐ Turtle Bayou, Bayou Texas Former waste disposal facility contaminated with over 20 chlorinated hl i t d VOC compounds d and d petroleum t l hydrocarbons Mixed 760,000 pounds of persulfate with Hydrated Lime into soil using a large diameter auger excavator Confirmation sampling verified a 84% mass reduction of VOCs was attained after 30 days (exceeded goal)
Case Study No. 1 - Turtle Bayou, Texas
Case Study No. 1 – Mixing Head with Water Nozzle
Case Study No No. 2 2. Thornton Thornton, England Lime activation of persulfate used to treat Chlorobenzenes and Dichlorobenzenes five large areas of soil contamination (7,300 m2) Used continuous flight augers Heat H t released l d ffrom Li Lime resulted lt d iin enhanced h d mobilization bili ti from NAPL and sorbed contaminants. Soil concentrations of COCs were reduced by 10-fold using Lime Activation Estimated that 11,300 kg of COCs were destroyed Cleanup met the Environmental Quality Standards of UK UK. Site received Closure Churngold Remediation Limited won 2008 Brownfield Remediation Innovation Award for "Best Conceptual Design"
Case Study No. 2. Thornton, England
Case Study No. 3 ‐ Wood Treatment Facility, Lester Prairie, Minnesota Soils contained concentration of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) as hi high h as 1 1,600 600 mg/kg /k and d Di Diesell R Range Organics as high as 17,000 mg/kg Designed g Ex-Situ Chemical Oxidation Treatment system y Used 7,000 pounds of lime combined with 6,000 pounds of persulfate to treat Location # 4 Chemical oxidants were sprayed onto soils and then mixed with excavator Significant off-gassing and heat generation during t t treatment t 340 tons of soil successfully treated to below Cleanup g g PCP)) for soil disposal Standard ((120 mg/kg
Case Study No. 4. ‐ Industrial Site in North Carolina Co-mingled groundwater plumes containing 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1DCE and 1 DCE, 1,4 4-dioxane dioxane Sodium persulfate and several activators used, including hydrated lime, sodium hydroxide, iron EDTA, and heat ( t (steam). ) Utilized direct push injection and large diameter auger borings 30 injection points inside the building and another 60 injection borings outside the building 2,500 2 500 pounds of lime used used, along with 100 100,000 000 pounds of persulfate COCs reduced by 90% to 100% across the site (some areas treated twice)
Case Study No. 4. ‐ Industrial Site in North Carolina Compound concentration (ppb) 8/27/2004 Compound concentration (ppb) 7/11/2005 Compound concentration (ppb) 3/13/2006 Aquifer zone Well ID 1,1 DCE 1,1,1 TCA Combin 1, 4 ed dioxane 1,1 DCE 1,1,1 TCA Combined 1, 4 1,1 DCE dioxan e 1,1,1 TCA Combined 1, 4 dioxane S GP‐4 14200 313 14513 NT 1 7.36 8.36 NT 1 1 2 NT S MW‐1 27800 96000 123800 29000 2 909 911 5 1 3740 3741 NT T MW‐1v 89000 99800 188800 24.1 32 31.9 63.9 5 16 360 376 NT T,B M2‐1d 4950 4390 9340 5 71.2 11700 11771.2 5 7 4220 4227 NT S MW‐2 94.1 52.3 146.4 NT 23.6 20.7 44.3 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐3 24.3 5.93 30.23 NT 19.6 8.14 27.74 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐7 5670 57700 63370 199 170 7560 77300 5 8 7240 7248 NT S MW‐9 0.418 0.47 0.888 NT 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐11 711 1410 2121 5 841 1470 2311 5 770 1050 1820 NT S MW‐12 32.7 23.8 56.5 NT 136 43.3 179.3 NT NT NT NT NT T MW‐13v 1 1 2 NT 1 1 2 2 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐14 9950 21950 3440 1 23.9 24.9 5 1 13.8 14.8 NT T MW‐14v 58.9 76.2 135.1 NT 1490 1120 2610 NT NT NT NT NT T MW‐15v 4.22 1 5.22 NT 7.84 1 8.84 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐16 3.11 0.96 4.07 NT 3.31 0.5 3.81 NT NT NT NT NT S MW‐17 33700 73000 106700 3400 1 262 263 5 1 217 218 NT T MW‐17v 18.9 23.7 42.6 NT 1 1910 1911 NT 2 491 493 NT B MW‐17d 48.1 1.73 49.83 5 127 1 128 5 NT NT NT NT S MW‐20 63700 135100 5 46.1 3270 3316.1 5 4 3020 3024 NT T MW‐20d 55300 124000 179300 5 5 4740 4745 5 4 7510 7514 NT S MW‐21 1 2 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT 12000 71400 1 NT
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation with Klozur Activated Persulfate: Co-Mingled Plume Of Chlorinated Solvents and 1,4 Dioxane Remediation Contractor: Redox Tech - Morrisville, NC Chemical Supplier: FMC Corporation – Philadelphia, PA 1) Site Description The site is located within the Piedmont (physiographic providence) of North Carolina. The property contains a divided warehouse and active manufacturing building that is equipped with loading docks and a small office. The property is bordered by an active railroad track. A release of solvents or cleaning agents from an industrial process occurred primarily in the vicinity of the loading docks. The major contaminants were 1,1,1 –trichloroethane (1,1,1 TCA), 1,1 -dichloroethene (1,1 -DCE), and 1,4 -dioxane. The site sits in a mixed zone of an industrial and residential area within a fairly large city. The impacted area is 1.5 acres or roughly 68,000 square feet. One-half of the treatment area was underneath an existing building (concrete/slab floor) and the other half was outside of the building. Based on initial sampling, there were very high concentrations of contaminants; some analytical results indicated the potential presence of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) in the vadose zone and in the saturated zone. Even though there were no known active drinking water wells near the site, there was potential receptor impact through vapor intrusion. The goal of the remediation was to reach realistic clean-up levels to allow the property to be resold. 2) Site Characterization Contamination ranged from the surface down to 100 feet below ground surface. The subsurface materials in the target area consisted of Piedmont soils, including a heterogeneous mix of sand, silt and clay. In the lower treatment depths of 50-100 feet, there was some Saprolite, which is composed of layers of clayey silt and silty clay. Based on prior characterization performed at the site, there was a vertical gradient downward as well as some complicated geologic features, such as suspected clastic dykes, which produced significant flow path contrasts. Activated persulfate was selected as the oxidant of choice because of its known ability to degrade the target contaminants. FMC Corporation’s remediation grade persulfate, Klozur , was used in conjunction with various activation methods. Target injection volumes of activated persulfate were selected based on the sum of the prior characterization data, which included multiple level groundwater data. Vertical intervals were determined based on layered isoconcentration contour maps. The bulk of the activated persulfate was injected in the area that was used to unload 1,1,1 -TCA from rail shipments, however discrete contaminant volumes were addressed that were some distance away from the shallow source area, at around 100 feet deep. Both the vadose and saturated zones were treated at this site. Vadose zone treatment consisted of cluster wells in a small area, with a higher density of injection points to insure comprehensive lateral distribution, and better contact. Two years prior to activated persulfate treatment, Fenton’s chemistry was used to treat a portion of the source area in a pilot study. This activity created many surface flow paths, which made
it difficult to laterally distribute the activated persulfate without daylighting. To overcome this, cluster wells were installed, and numerous reinjections at smaller volumes were performed to decrease the chance for surfacing of the oxidant. Because of high concentrations of contaminant were known to exist in the vadose zone, fairly high concentrations of persulfate were injected (15-25 wt% persulfate). Saturated zone injections exhibited significant channeling, probably as a result of clastic dykes and other formation heterogeneity. Because of this, the injectate moved in significantly different flow paths, depending on whether they were inside or outside the dyke. 3) Treatment Selection/Design The treatment selection and design consisted of combinations of multiple catalysts, such as hydrated lime, sodium hydroxide (for base-catalyzed remedies), FeEDTA (ferric), and steam activation used in conjunction with persulfate. For both the vadose and saturated zone under the building, hydrated lime and steam activation, in combination with persulfate, were primarily used. These combinations have proven to be very economical. It should be noted that as a by-product of the reaction between the contaminant and activated persulfate sulfate will be formed. There is a secondary drinking water standard of 250 mg/L for sulfate (taste issue). In addition to catalyzing the persulfate, hydrated lime will combine with the sulfate in solution to form gypsum, thereby reducing the concentration of sulfate in ground water. Within the main source area, which included the railroad tracks and loading dock next to the building, hydrated lime and steam activation with persulfate were used initially. Due to difficulties with daylighting, which is a surface pathway not associated with the well bore, it was difficult to effectively transfer the heat using steam. Instead, sodium hydroxide was used to catalyze the persulfate. Well design and installation for the shallow source area included direct injection (Geoprobe ) and auger holes with a high density of application points. The need for a large number of points was due to daylighting to the surface as a result of prior remediation activities (Fenton’s chemistry). Well design and installation for the deep source area included direct injection (Geoprobe to a maximum depth of approximately 80 feet) and deep (100 feet) injection points installed using a mud rotary drill rig. A higher density of injection points was also used in the deep source area. 3-a) Energy and Oxidant - Target Temperature A threshold number of calories (amount of heat) is needed to catalyze a persulfate molecule. The selected average target temperature for this site was 45 degrees C for 1,1,1 -TCA (primary contaminant) based on FMC literature. The oxidant concentration was based on Total Oxidant Demand (TOD) Test (ref: Haselow et. el, Estimating the Total Oxidant Demand for In Situ Chemical Oxidation Design, Remediation Autumn 2003). Temperatures achieved in the subsurface ranged from 25-60 degrees C on average. Higher temperatures (up to
100 degrees C) occasionally occurred at monitoring points due to preferential flow of steam. Subsurface temperatures were monitored in existing monitoring wells at multiple depths using thermocouples. 3-b) Injection/Transfer of Heat in the Subsurface Steam injection was used to heat up the subsurface. Steam was injected into the subsurface through injection wells. The same injection points that were used for the steam activation were also used for the injection of persulfate. Steam was injected under pressure, ranging from 20-150 psi. Convection and conduction were the delivery mechanisms relied upon for heat distribution in the treatment zone. 3-c) Injection of Persulfate in the Subsurface Due to the variable permeability encountered at the site, pressure injections were used. Pressure injections for persulfate ranged from 20-200 psi depending on the geology encountered within the injection interval. The control of lateral spreading is generally accomplished by injection from the down gradient plume toward the source. The vertical injection interval ranged from 20-100 feet. For all but the deep injection wells, single point injection wells with approximately 1-2 feet injection intervals were used. 3-d) Limits of Free Product With separate phase product and chemical oxidation (in this case, persulfate oxidation) there generally has to be a mass transfer of the contaminant to the aqueous phase. Then, the (required stoichiometric amount of) oxidant has to come in contact with the contaminant of concern in order for the oxidation to occur. Source reduction is always advised when the source is accessible and removal is economically feasible. Source reduction can be achieved by direct removal, soil vapor extraction (SVE), air sparging or other methods. 4) Remedy Implementation/Performance Monitoring 4-a) Remedial Action Objectives/Cleanup Goals The Remedial Action Objectives were to reduce the contaminant concentrations to set target concentrations: Starting Concentrations: 1,1,1 - TCA – 203 mg/L 1,1 -DCE – 82 mg/L 1,4 Dioxane exceeding 50 mg/L, Reduction of the contaminants, to the following concentrations, had to be met in order for the property to be sold: 1,1,1 -TCA & 1,1 -DCE combined 16 mg/L 1,4 Dioxane 5 µg/L 4-b) Vapor Release
A SVE system was used during injection at locations inside the building. contaminant vapor exceedences were measured through the duration of the project. No 4-c) Number of Injection Points (picture/diagram) There were a total of 30 injections points installed inside the building, which encompassed one-half the treatment plume. Outside the building, approximately 60 injection points were installed. Injections occurred periodically from September 2004 through June 2005. Approximately 100,000 lbs of Klozur persulfate was used. To catalyze the persulfate, multiple activators were used. Their quantities are as follows: Activators * 2,500 lbs of calcium hydroxide * 500 million BTU’s steam * 17,700 lbs of sodium hydroxide (25 wt%)
Oxidant * 100,000 lbs Klozur persulfate Per injection point (total of 90 points, 30 inside the building and 60 outside the building), on average; * * * * 5 million BTU’s of steam 25 lbs of calcium hydroxide 200 lbs of sodium hydroxide 1,200 lbs of Klozur persulfate Again, the quantities above were averaged; however more mass and energy were put in to some points versus others, depending on the contaminant mass and amenability of the subsurface. 4-d) Hot Sampling Temperatures were typically not high enough in the monitoring wells to warrant special sampling procedures. So, no hot sampling was required. 4-e) Timing Between Injections The timing between activator (steam, NaOH, Ca(OH)2) injection and oxidant injection occurred from hours to days depending on injection location specific conditions (e.g. daylighting concerns). 4-f) Issues with Drilling into DNAPL Zones (“drag down”) There were no issues with drilling into NAPL or DNAPL zones. was observed based on well concentration data. No “drag down” 4-g) Groundwater Rebound Data BASELINE GROUNDWATER ANALYTICAL RESULTS POST-REMEDIATION GROUNDWATER ANALYTICAL RESULTS 8/27/2004 AQUIF ER ZONE 7/11/2005 COMPOUND CONCENTRATION, PPB 3/13/2006 COMPOUND CONCENTRATION, PPB COMPOUND CONCENTRATION, PPB 1,1DCE 1,1,1TCA Combined 1,4 Dioxane 1,1DCE 1,1,1TCA Combined 1,4 Dioxane 1 7.36 8.36 NT 1 1 2 NT 2 909 911 5 1 3740 3741 NT 32 31.9 63.9 5 16 360 376 NT 71.2 11700 11771.2 5 7 4220 4227 NT 23.6 20.7 44.3 NT NT NT NT NT 19.6 8.14 27.74 NT NT NT NT NT 170 7560 7730 5 8 7240 7248 NT 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT 841 1470 2311 5 770 1050 1820 NT WELL ID 1,1DCE 1,1,1TCA Combined 1,4 Dioxane S GP-4 14200 313 14513 NT S MW-1 27800 96000 123800 29000 T MW-1v 89000 99800 188800 24.1 T, B MW-1d 4950 4390 9340 5 S MW-2 94.1 52.3 146.4 NT S MW-3 24.3 5.93 30.23 NT S MW-7 5670 57700 63370 199 S MW-9 0.418 0.47 0.888 NT S MW-11 711 1410 2121 5
S MW-12 32.7 23.8 56.5 NT T MW-13v 1 1 2 NT S MW-14 12000 9950 21950 3440 T MW-14v 58.9 76.2 135.1 NT T MW-15v 4.22 1 5.22 NT S MW-16 3.11 0.96 4.07 NT S MW-17 33700 73000 106700 3400 T MW-17v 18.9 23.7 42.6 NT B MW-17d 48.1 1.73 49.83 5 S MW-20 71400 63700 135100 5 T MW-20d 55300 12400 0 179300 5 S MW-21 1 1 2 NT B MW-26d 1 1 2 NT S WS-14 81700 5180 86880 NT S WS-17 44400 23600 68000 NT S WS-18 32500 1060 33560 NT 136 43.3 179.3 NT NT NT NT NT 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT 1 23.9 24.9 5 1 13.8 14.8 NT 1490 1120 2610 NT NT NT NT NT 7.84 1 8.84 NT NT NT NT NT 3.31 0.5 3.81 NT NT NT NT NT 1 262 263 5 1 217 218 NT 1 1910 1911 NT 2 491 493 NT 127 1 128 5 NT NT NT NT 46.1 3270 3316.1 5 4 3020 3024 NT 5 4740 4745 5 4 7510 7514 NT 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT 1 1 2 NT NT NT NT NT 2 1090 1092 NT 1 928 929 NT 10 11800 11810 NT 4 7270 7274 NT 2 664 666 NT NT NT NT NT Aquifer Zones (Note: Zones are interconnected with one another, distinction is for reporting purposes only) indicates source area S Saprolite Zone T Transition Zone B Bedrock Zone 1 Result less than laboratory practical quantitation limit (shown in PPB). 1,1-DCE 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1,1-TCA 1,1,1-Trichloroethane NT Not Tested For This Compound PPB - Parts per Billion or micrograms per liter (ug/L) Keeping the pH of the aquifer as close to neutral as possible to decrease metals solubilization/mobilization. 4-h) In-Situ Process Control Monitoring nearby wells for water level changes, presence of persulfate, concentrations of sulfate (by-product of the reaction), ORP, pH and temperature depending on the activator) can all be used to evaluate the progress and success of oxidant application. An increase in electrical conductivity is an important way to understand the zone of influence of the injection. Other process controls include logging of volumes injected and depths, chemical probing with depth information and surface geophysics, such as ground penetrating radar where appropriate. Process control changes were implemented due to daylighting issues in the source area (utilized higher density injection points and sodium hydroxide). Interim field screening was used because some contaminants had more mass in
specific areas than previously identified. Within these areas, the amount of persulfate was increased to account for the higher contaminant mass. The use of process control optimization allowed the site to be remediated. 4-i) Intermediates Monitored Concentrations of 1,1,1 – TCA and 1,1 – DCE were monitored after injection events using an SRI portable GC. Short-lived and relatively low concentrations of oxidation intermediates were occasionally observed and included less chlorinated ethanes and methanes (e.g. chloromethane, chloroethane). 1,4 dioxane was periodically monitored due to the need for lab testing versus field testing. 5) Cost Information This was a guaranteed fixed price contract for 1 million. The consultant who performed the work for this site met the guaranteed fixed price financial requirement. Concentrations have remained below target levels for a year after completion of remediation costs. Overall cleanup costs were approximately 5/ton of saturated soil. The chemical cost for treatment was roughly 2/ton of soil. The remaining cost was steam and injection costs. 6) MNA or ENA Component Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) was a component of the remedy used at this site. MNA was used to negotiate treatment levels above MCLs A by-product of the persulfate reaction is sulfate. Sulfate could potentially hinder full reduction of the contaminants with the addition of sulfate to the system but this is very site specific. Dissolved sulfate ions are highly soluble and generally move rapidly through the aquifer, so ambient sulfate conditions usually return in a few months. Sulfate concentrations at the site have remained below 250 ppm, which is the secondary drinking water standard.
Univar USA Inc Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS No: P16782V Version No: 008 2006-03-10 Order No: Univar USA Inc., 17425 NE Union Hill Rd., Redmond WA 98052 (425) 889 3400 Emergency Assistance For emergency assistance involving chemicals call Chemtrec - (800) 424-9300
UNIVAR USA INC. ISSUE DATE:2006-01-01 Annotation: MSDS NO:P16782V VERSION:008 2006-03-10 The Version Date and Number for this MSDS is : 03/10/2006 - PRODUCT NAME: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE HYDRATED LIME MSDS NUMBER: P16782V DATE ISSUED: 01/01/2006 SUPERSEDES: 01/01/2003 ISSUED BY: 008654 #008 ************************* ************************* MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CALCIUM HYDROXIDE HYDRATED LIME CHEMICAL ABSTRACT CAS 1305-62-0 Distributor: UNIVAR USA 6100 Carillon Point Kirkland, WA 98033 425-889-3400 Section II - Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information Specific Chemical Identity; Common Names Calcium Hydroxide; Slaked Lime; Hydrated Lime Crystalline Silica (Quartz) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV 5 mg/m3 5 mg/m3 0.1 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3 Other Recommended Respirable % (Optional) 0.10 % Calcium Hydroxide is not listed on the NTP, IARC, or OSHA lists of carcinogens. Univar recommends using personal protection equipment when handling this product. Section III - Physical / Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point (Calcium Oxide) 5162 deg F Specific Gravity (H20) 1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) Melting Point - Loses CO2 2.2 NA 1076 deg F Vapor Density (Air 1) Evaporation Rate NA NA
UNIVAR USA INC. ISSUE DATE:2006-01-01 Annotation: MSDS NO:P16782V VERSION:008 2006-03-10 Solubility in Water Appearance and Color 0.185 % @ 0 deg C; 0.077 % @ 100 deg C Odorless; White as a dry powder or wet slurry. Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Flash Point NA Extinguishing Method Special Fire Fighting Procedures NA NA Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards NA Flammable Limits - NA Section V - Reactivity Data Stability: Stable Conditions to Avoid: NA Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Phosphorus (V) Oxide Water, Acids, Inter-halogens, Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: Hazardous Polymerization: None Will Not Occur Conditions to Avoid: NA Section VI - Health Hazard Data Route(s) of Entry Inhalation? Ingestion (swallowing)? YES YES Absorption Through Skin? YES Health Hazards Acute Prolonged contact may irritate or burn skin - especially in the presence of moisture. Inhalation of dust may irritate mucous membranes or respiratory passages. Direct eye contact may cause permanent damage. Chronic: Long term exposure can cause irritation Carcinogenicity Calcium Hydroxide NTP? NO IARC Monographs? NO OSHA Regulated? NO Crystalline Silica YES YES YES Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: tract. Irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Respiratory disease, skin condition. Emergency and First Aid Procedures: Provide fresh air. Wash off dust with soap and water. Drink plenty of water if swallowed. Flush eyes with water immediately and contact physician. Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling
UNIVAR USA INC. ISSUE DATE:2006-01-01 Annotation: MSDS NO:P16782V VERSION:008 2006-03-10 Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled: Normal clean-up procedures. Care should be taken to avoid causing dust to become airborne. Vacuum cleaning systems are recommended. Waste Disposal Method: Dispose of product in accordance with Federal, State and Local regulations. See Section IX. Precautions to Be Taken in Handling: Store away from water and acids. Other Precautions Section VIII - Control Measures Respiratory Protection - Dust filter masks are recommended for personal comfort and/or protection Ventilation: Local Exhaust - To maintain TLV's and PEL's Mechanical - To maintain TLV's and PEL's Special - None Other None Protective Gloves - Cloth or leather gloves when handling dry material-rubber gloves when wet or damp Eye Protection - ALWAYS wear shielded glasses and/or fitted goggles around product to reduce eye injury Other Protective Clothing - Wear long sleeve shirts and pants to minimize contact with product. Work / Hygienic Practices - Maintain dust exposure limits below TLV's and PEL's. Whenever necessary wear respiratory protection Section IX - Regulatory Compliance Guidance CONEG Materials used to manufacture bags that containing products are CONEG compliant. CWA Product contains alkaline material potentially toxic to aquatic life if concentration is high for extended periods of time. Minimize contact with storm water runoff. DOT Product is not regulated by U.S. Dept of Transportation. EPA Waste derived from unused products is not subject to RCRA. Solid waste is acceptable at landfills as a "special waste" but can often be beneficially reused for other purposes. SPILLS
UNIVAR USA INC. ISSUE DATE:2006-01-01 Annotation: MSDS NO:P16782V VERSION:008 2006-03-10 Whenever possible contain and sweep up spillage in dry form rather than flushing with water. Fire may occur in containers if damp product is placed in direct contact with combustible materials. TSCA Product is listed on Toxic Substance Control Act, Canada DSL and all other International Inventories Prop65 Product is subject to California Proposition 65 warning labeling requirements for trace metals and Crystalline Silica. NAFTA Product qualifies under HS Tariff No 2522.20 as 100% US Origin, Preference Criteria A. Annual certification will be provided upon request.
Univar USA Inc Material Safety Data Sheet For Additional Information contact MSDS Coordinator during business hours, Pacific time: (425) 889-3400 Notice Univar USA Inc. (”Univar”) expressly disclaims all express or implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the product or information provided herein, and shall under no circumstances be liable for incidental or consequential damages. Do not use ingredient information and/or ingredient percentages in this MSDS as a product specification. For product specification information refer to a product specification sheet and/or a certificate of analysis. These can be obtained from your local Univar sales office. All information appearing herein is based upon data obtained from the manufacturer and/or recognized technical sources. While the information is believed to be accurate, Univar makes no representations as to its accuracy or sufficiency. Conditions of use are beyond Univar's control and therefore users are responsible to verify this data under their own operating conditions to determine whether the product is suitable for their particular purposes and they assume all risks of their use, handling, and disposal of
2. Calcium hydroxide is a solid granular product commonly called hydrated lime or slaked lime. It is commonly mixed with soil, and then sprayed with water used to raise the pH of soil and water to act as an activator of sodium persulfate. When added to water, calcium hydroxide dissociates into calcium ions and hydroxide ions. 3.
Always keep hydroxide self contained within storage tank, pumps and hoses Secondary containment should be provided for the sodium hydroxide storage tankSecondary containment should be provided for the sodium hydroxide storage tank and the persulfate mixing tank by placement of a wood berm (6-inches high)
properties and clinical applications of calcium hydroxide in dentistry. INTRODUCTION In 1920, Hermann introduced calcium hydroxide to dentistry as a pulp-capping material but today it is used widely in the field of endodontics.1 Calcium hydroxide is a white odourless powder with the chemical formula Ca(OH) 2
This report addresses the safety of the inorganic hydroxides calcium hydroxide (also known as calcium hydrate or slaked lime), magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (potassium hydrate or potash), and sodium hydroxide (sodium hydrate, lye, or caustic soda). These ingredients are all alkaline salts and are reported in the
clocycline calcium (equivalent to 30mg demeclocycline hydrochloride) 10mg triamcinolone acetonide. Excipients: 3mg sodium sulphite anhydrous. Calcium hydroxide has been used by dentists in clinical practice for over a century (Baker and Fotos, 1994). Calcium hydroxide is a white odourless powder
2815.20.00 potasium hydroxide in solid 2815.30.00 peroxide of sodium or potasium 2816 hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium, oxides ,hydroxide and peroxides of stontium or barium 2816.10.00 hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium 2816.20.00 oxide,peroxide and hydroxide of stontium 2816.30.00 oxide,peroxide and hydroxide of barium.
5. Nite-Guide/Occlus-o-Guide/Ortho-T Activators 6. Harvold/Woodside Activator (1971) 7. Palate Free Activator (1974) 8. Propulsor (1980) 9 . U Bow Activator 10. Wunderer Activator 11. Hamilton Expansion Activator 12. Cybernato
been reported with calcium hydroxide, when used for endodontic treatment of teeth with periradicular lesions. Calcium hydroxide has been widely used in endodontics from the time it was introduced in Endodontics by Herman in 1920. With a pH of approximately 12.5 it is a strong alkaline substance. In an aqueous solution, calcium
ACCOUNTING 0452/12 Paper 1 October/November 2019 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction .
