Be Smart About Prescription Drugs - Georgia Department Of Education

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Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs Educator’s Resource Guide Prescription Drugs: Easy-to-use, Proper Use standards-based, Misuse cross-curricular Abuse lessons for grades 5 – 8

NEA Health Information Network This program may be reproduced for educational use only.

Table of Contents Welcome. 1 How to Use This Resource Guide. 2 Teacher Background Information and Resources. 4 Lesson 1 Grades 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health. 6 Lesson 2 Grades 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Proper Use of Prescription Drugs. 14 Lesson 3 Grades 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Misuse of Prescription Drugs. 24 Lesson 4 Grades 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Abuse of Prescription Drugs – Consequences and Support. 30 Lesson 5 Grades 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Creating a Healthy Future. 40 Lesson 1 Grades 7 – 8 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health. 48 Lesson 2 Grades 7 – 8 Rx for Understanding: Proper Use of Prescription Drugs. 64 Lesson 3 Grades 7 – 8 Rx for Understanding: Misuse of Prescription Drugs. 76 Lesson 4 Grades 7 – 8 Rx for Understanding: Abuse of Prescription Drugs – Consequences and Support. 88 Lesson 5 Grades 7 – 8 Rx for Understanding: Creating a Healthy Future. 102 Family Connection: Optional Parent Letter. 112 Meeting National Education Standards. 114 Acknowledgements.120 NEA Health Information Network iv

Welcome Dear Educator, Thank you for your commitment to educating your students about the crucial health issue of prescription drug abuse. The Office of National Drug Control Policy calls prescription drug abuse “the Nation’s fastestgrowing drug problem.” The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. The problem of prescription drug misuse and abuse is particularly alarming among young people. Every day for the first time, an average of 2,000 teenagers use prescription drugs without a doctor’s guidance. More teenagers are abusing prescription drugs than cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine combined. One in four teens report that they have taken a prescription drug that was not prescribed for them. Sixty percent of teens who have reported abusing prescription pain medications did so before age 15. We must Every day for the first time, an average of 2,000 teenagers use prescription drugs without a doctor’s guidance. act now! One of the most significant (and preventable) causes of prescription drug misuse and abuse among youth is a lack of knowledge and understanding about the importance of proper use. Forty-one percent of teens believe that it is safer to get high using a prescription drug than it is with a drug such as marijuana or cocaine. Teenagers believe that since pre- 1 in 4 teenagers report that they have taken a prescription drug not scription drugs are given by doctors, they must be safe. We need to help prescribed to them by a build an understanding that this perceived safety is predicated on doctor at least once in proper use. The objective of this resource is to change the way adoles- their lives. cents and teens view prescription drugs, ensuring that they know the value of proper use and the dangers of misuse and abuse. As an educator, you have a unique opportunity to educate your students about their health and the importance of proper prescription drug use in a way that is meaningful and memorable. We thank you for the opportunity to assist you with this mission! We also thank Purde Pharma L.P. for their support of this project through an educational grant. Sincerely, NEA Health Information Network NEA Health Information Network 1

How to Use This Resource Guide STEP 1 Explore the Issue Expanding your own background knowledge is the best way to convey essential messages to your students. You can start by reading the Teacher Background section included with this resource. We also provide additional sources to help you and your students learn even more. STEP 2 Become familiar with the structure of this resource guide. The needs for this type of material will vary greatly throughout the country. This resource can easily be adapted to match what you are looking for. It offers educators the versatility of use in multiple subject areas, as either the main source of instruction or as a supplement to an existing curriculum about health and/ or substance abuse. It was developed by a team of education professionals and vetted by seasoned teachers through an extensive multi-phase field testing process. We look forward to hearing your additional feedback at www.neahin.org/ rxforunderstanding. g: erstandin d n U r o Rx f about e Smart B gs tion Dru Prescrip source or’s Re Educat Guide -use, ion Prescript Use Proper Misuse Abuse Drugs: Know the Resource Guide Easy-to , s-based standard rricular cross-cu es 5 – 8 for grad lessons This guide contains five sequenced lessons geared for grades 5 – 6 and five sequenced lessons geared for grades 7– 8. Each set of sequenced lessons acts as a mini-unit. Each grade level based mini-unit focuses on the same five lesson themes: (1) relating the issue of prescription drug safety to overall health; (2) understanding proper use; (3) understanding misuse; (4) understanding abuse; and (5) conducting an applicationbased culminating project. The lessons in this guide represent a cross-curricular approach to teaching with a concentrated emphasis on national education standards, including the National Health Education Standards and the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Mathematics. The lessons can be reorganized to match your own curriculum standards. You may be looking for an opportunity to integrate the topic of prescription drugs into a particular content area. The Meeting National Education Standards chart on page 114 – 119 can help you to do so. 2 Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

STEP 3 Prepare the Lessons No matter how you intend to address the topic of the misuse, abuse, and proper use of prescription drugs, we have you covered. Each lesson in this resource guide is built using the same formula. The At-A-Glance and teacher preparation sections will familiarize you with the order of the lesson and help you prepare to teach. The lessons themselves are built using three instructional strategies or activities to open, lead, and close the lesson. Each turnkey lesson provides step-by-step teaching procedures. Modification ideas and assessment suggestions are provided. Each lesson includes a reproducible student activity sheet. In order to enable the most comprehensive approach to addressing this topic, the lessons in this guide are presented in a suggested unit format. If you are looking for just a few supplemental activities based on a particular prescription drug topic, then you can easily choose which part of the lesson you would like to teach. A time breakdown is provided for each part. As an alternative to teaching the entire miniunit in the sequenced structure provided, you can simply select the topics and activities that you would like to teach from the lessons and get started. STEP 4 Take Action and Spread the Word Use the parent letter provided with this resource guide. Collaborate with your peers around this issue by sharing this complimentary teaching tool. There are several ways that you can address this issue that extend beyond the classroom. Consider starting a schoolwide initiative. Utilize the lessons in a club or after- school program. Offer a workshop or informational booth on family night. And remember, just your own awareness of the issue will make a huge difference. NEA Health Information Network 3

Teacher Background Information and Resources Prescription Drug Abuse and Our Nation’s Youth When asked if they had ever taken a prescription drug without a doctor’s prescription, 21 percent of high school students said yes. Among youth who are 12 to 17 years old, 7.4 percent reported past-year nonmedical use of prescription medications. Prescription and over-thecounter drugs are among the most commonly abused drugs by 12th graders, after alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. Youth who abuse prescription medications are also more likely to report use of other drugs. There are as many new prescription drug abusers age 12 to 17 as there are of marijuana. The majority of teens abusing prescription drugs get them easily and for free, often from friends or relatives. Seventy percent of people age 12 and older who abuse prescription painkillers say they get them from relatives and friends. Adolescents are more likely than young adults to become dependent on prescription medication. 4 One person dies every 19 minutes from prescription drug abuse in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). What is Prescription Drug Abuse? According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, “Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited.” How Can We Teach Students to be Smart about Prescription Drugs? There is a misperception among youth that it is safer to abuse prescription drugs because they are prescribed by a doctor. In order for teenagers to be smart about prescription drugs, they need to understand the following messages very clearly. Core Messages for Students: It is never okay to share your prescription drugs with others or take another person’s prescription drugs, regardless of the reason you are doing it. It is never okay to take your own prescription drugs to get high or for any purpose other than what they were intended for. It is never okay to change the amount of a prescription drug that you are taking because you think that you need to take more or less to feel better. This is called self-medication and is very dangerous. How much of a prescription drug you should take is for your doctor or other appropriate medical professional to decide. It is never okay for your friends to be sharing prescription drugs, for any reason. If you have friends that are in trouble, you should turn to a trusted adult for help. Prescription drug abuse can lead to addiction. Prescription drug abuse is illegal. Prescription drug abuse can have serious health consequences. Just one instance of accidental misuse or intentional abuse of prescription drugs can be deadly. Knowledge and understanding of these concepts will help prevent the misuse and abuse of prescription drugs and the potentially grave and unnecessary consequences. Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

How can I learn more? National Institute on Drug Abuse ons National Institute on Drug Abuse for Teens www.teens.drugabuse.gov/ facts/facts rx1.php Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/ index.htm Drug Enforcement Administration www.justice.gov/dea www.getsmartaboutdrugs.com www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/ drug disposal/takeback Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration www.samhsa.gov/prevention www.samhsa.gov/treatment/ index.aspx Office of National Drug Control Policy www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov Partnership at Drugfree.org www.drugfree.org National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign www.abovetheinfluence.com KidsHealth.org www.kidshealth.org/classroom What are the Most Commonly Abused Prescription Drugs? Opioids are commonly prescribed to relieve pain. They affect the brain to cause a diminished perception of pain. They can be extremely addictive and can slow down or stop a person’s breathing. Depressants are commonly prescribed for people who are anxious or cannot sleep. They slow down (or “depress”) the normal activity that goes on in the brain. If combined with any medication or substance that causes drowsiness, depressants can slow both the heart and respiration, which can lead to death. Stimulants are prescribed to treat only a few health conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder). They increase (or “stimulate”) activities and processes in the body. Taking high doses of a stimulant can cause an irregular heartbeat, dangerously high body temperatures, and the potential for heart failure or seizures. What is Proper Use? When a person takes their own prescription drug exactly as directed. Proper use includes taking the medication at the right time, taking the right amount, not sharing the medication with anyone, adhering to the expiration date, and disposing of the medication appropriately. For young people, parent supervision when taking prescription drugs is a part of proper use. What is Misuse? When a person does not take a prescription drug as directed or intended, either unknowingly or mistakenly. Misuse includes misreading the label, taking the wrong amount, unintentionally mixing medications that should not be taken together, using an expired medication, or unknowingly taking a medication that was prescribed for someone else. What are the Signs of Prescription Drug Abuse? The following signs could be an indication of prescription drug abuse: constricted pupils, slurred speech, flushed skin, personality changes, mood swings, irritability, excessive energy, sleepiness, sweating, loss of appetite, forgetfulness, or clumsiness. NEA Health Information Network 5

Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health Topic Objective(s) Prescription Drug Awareness Students will: Estimated Class Time Two 45-minute class sessions Explain the connection between proper and safe use of prescription drugs and overall health. Define the following terms: prescription drug, over-thecounter drug, illegal drug, proper use of prescription drugs, misuse of prescription drugs, and abuse of prescription drugs. Integrated Subjects Health and English Language Arts Materials and Preparation What you will need: Student Reproducible 1 (one per student) Chart paper (seven pieces) Six index cards At-A-Glance Opening Activity: Think-Pair-Share: What Does Being Healthy Mean? K.Q. Give One – Get One Activity: Independent/Partner Activity using Student Reproducible 1 Basic classroom supplies (markers, crayons, and pencils) Before the lesson: Write each vocabulary term and definition onto an index card. Lesson 1 Copy Student Reproducible 1. Student Reprodu cible 1 Name K.Q. Give One – Get One Topic: Prescription K for a provided ion only l with a docMedicat individua r. de specific or itten tor’s wr Drugs What do you know ? Q What are your que stions? Self rug ption D Prescri Vocabulary Posters: Small Group Activity Closing Activity: Whole Group Share: Importance of Learning Grades: 5 – 6 ion Pres Medicat cription 1 2 Partner takes a nt brother lp preve My little ion drug to he prescript cks. ma atta his asth Partner 3 Partner Why is learning about prescription drugs (proper use, important to you? misuse, and abu se) Family Connectio n: Prescription drug abuse is the use than as prescribed of a medication , or for the expe without a prescriptio rience or feelings a prescription drug elicited. One in four n, in a way other not prescribed to teenagers report them by a docto at Drug Free.org that they have taken r at least once in and Metlife Foun their lives, accor dation Partnership time for family discu ding to the Partn Attitude and Track ssion about presc ership ing Survey (PATS) 2010 ription drugs; to center from Partn get your conversatio ership for a Drug . Now -Free America at n started visit the paren is the theparenttoolki t resource t.org. 6 Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

Procedures (Session 1) Opening the Lesson: Think-Pair-Share (15 minutes) 1. Tell students that they are going to begin today’s lesson by talking about what being healthy means. HEALTH 2. Direct students to think to themselves about what being healthy means. 3. Assign partners and have students share their thoughts with a partner. 4. Discuss responses as a whole group. 5. Chart responses until all ideas have been recorded. 6. Discuss the list as a whole group. Identify the relationships between the ideas that have been listed (e.g., brushing your teeth and going to the dentist regularly both have to do with having healthy teeth). 7. Ask: Are there any ideas about being healthy that are missing from the chart? 8. C heck that the topic of “medicine” is on the list. Ask students leading questions as necessary. Tip: If students seem to be having trouble identifying healthy behaviors, try this: have students think about all of the things that they do in a given day and the choices that they make. Have students start at the beginning of the day and list actions on a blank piece of paper. Next, have them look over their lists and decide which choices or actions have to do with being healthy (such as brushing teeth before leaving the house for school). NEA Health Information Network 7

Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health (Continued) 9. Discuss the role that medicine and doctors play in overall health. Look over the ideas on the chart and make connections between ideas that relate to visiting a doctor and taking prescription or over-the-counter medications. 10. T ell students that it is important to know about prescription medications and how they help us to stay healthy when used safely and properly. Proper use of prescription drugs plays a large role in our overall health. It is important to understand that misusing and abusing prescription drugs is a huge health risk that can lead to serious harmful consequences, even death. 11. T ell students that they will be investigating and learning more about the proper use, misuse, and abuse of prescription drugs. Leading the Lesson: K.Q. Give One – Get One (30 minutes) Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 12. D irect students to complete K.Q. Give One – Get One Activity (Student Reproducible 1). Student Reproducible 1 Name A K.Q.: Have students complete the first row (“Self”) inde- K.Q. Give One – Get One Topic: Prescription Drugs K What do you know? Q What are your questions? A A Partner 1 2 B C Partner D D 3 D D Self Partner Why is learning about prescription drugs (proper use, misuse, and abuse) important to you? Family Connection: Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. One in four teenagers report that they have taken a prescription drug not prescribed to them by a doctor at least once in their lives, according to the Partnership at Drug Free.org and Metlife Foundation Partnership Attitude and Tracking Survey (PATS) 2010. Now is the time for family discussion about prescription drugs; to get your conversation started visit the parent resource center from Partnership for a Drug-Free America at theparenttoolkit.org. 8 pendently, recording what they think they know in the “K” box and the questions that they have in the “Q” box. B Give One – Get One exchange: Have students meet with a partner, share what they have recorded for “K”, and record their partner’s responses in the second row, first column (“K” box for “Partner 1”). C Have students think about their partner’s “K” and come up with a new question to record in the second row, second column (“Q” box for “Partner 1”). D Have students meet with two additional partners and repeat steps B and C until the chart is complete. Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs Tip: The K.Q. Give One – Get One activity is a modified version of a traditional K.W.L. activity.

13. C reate a Q.L. chart. Post a piece of blank chart paper. Draw two columns. Write “Q” above the first column and “L” above the second column. 14. D iscuss the questions that students have recorded in the “Q” column on their activity sheets as a whole group. 15. R ecord the questions in the “Q” column on the Q.L. chart. Note: Continue to display the Q.L. chart in your classroom while you are teaching the prescription drug lessons. At the end of each lesson, refer to the poster and record the answers that have been discovered in the “L” column to represent what students have learned. NEA Health Information Network 9

Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health (Continued) Procedures (Session 2) Leading the Lesson (continued): Vocabulary Poster Activity (30 minutes) 1. Tell students that they are going to begin learning the answers to the questions in the “Q” column of the class Q.L. chart by discussing the definitions for some key terms about prescription drugs. 2. Direct students to create small group Vocabulary Posters. Divide students into six small groups. Assign each group a vocabulary term or phrase and distribute the vocabulary cards that you created prior to the lesson. Instruct groups to design a poster for their assigned term including: A picture or a symbol that helps you to remember this word or phrase. A sentence with the term. A synonym or alternate way to say the word. Your definition. Allow groups to share posters with the rest of the class. Vocabulary Poster Model Definition Medication only provided for a specific individual with a doctor’s written order. Create and draw a picture or a symbol that represents the term Prescription Drug Synonym (word or phrase) Prescription Medication Term My little brother takes a prescription drug to help prevent his asthma attacks. Sample sentence with the term in context 10 Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

Vocabulary Terms Prescription Drug Medication only provided for a specific individual with a written order from a doctor or other appropriate medical professional. Over-the-counter (OTC) Drug Medication available without a prescription. Illegal Drug A drug whose production or use is prohibited by law. Proper Prescription Drug Use When someone takes prescription medication exactly as directed. Examples include taking the medication at the right time, taking the right amount, and disposing of the medication appropriately. Prescription Drug Misuse When someone does not take prescription medication as directed or intended, either unknowingly or carelessly. Examples include: taking the wrong amount, using an expired medication, or taking a medication that was prescribed for someone else. Closing the Lesson: Directed Response and Discussion (15 minutes) 3. Direct students to answer the last question on Student Reproducible 1. 4. D iscuss answers with the whole class. 5. Remind students of the importance of learning about prescription drugs. Note: When discussing illegal versus prescription drugs with your class, students may question the topic of medical marijuana. This is a good opportunity to address the role that federal and state laws and regulations play in establishing guidelines for proper use of prescription drugs. Explain to students that in some states marijuana is a legal drug when prescribed by a doctor for medical purposes (for example, medical marijuana is often used in the treatment of certain cancers in order to help patients battle the side effects of cancer medications). If medical marijuana is not prescribed by a doctor, then it is still considered an illegal drug. Prescription Drug Abuse When someone purposely takes prescription medication in a manner or dosage other than what was prescribed for the purpose of experiencing a desired effect. NEA Health Information Network 11

Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Building a Foundation for Health (Continued) Modification Ideas In place of the K.Q. Give One – Get One activity, conduct a traditional whole-group K.W.L. chart (complete the “K” and the “W” columns prior to beginning the lesson and the “L” after finishing the lesson or unit). In place of the small group vocabulary poster activity, have students create individual vocabulary cards on index cards. Extend the Vocabulary Poster activity with Internet research about the meaning of the term. Assessment Suggestions Formal pre-assessment: Use the post-assessment included with Lesson 5 as a pre-assessment. Informal pre-assessment: Use the K.Q. Give One – Get One Activity to gauge students’ prior knowledge and experience with the topic. Key message: Did they get it? Did you teach it? Prescription medications help keep us healthy and serve an important purpose in our lives. Misuse and abuse of prescription medications is a health risk with very serious consequences, and can even be deadly. Knowing how to safely and properly use prescription drugs is an important part of being healthy. We got it. 12 Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

Lesson 1 Grades: 5 – 6 Student Reproducible 1 Name K.Q. Give One – Get One Topic: Prescription Drugs K What do you know? Q What are your questions? Self 1 2 Partner Partner 3 Partner Why is learning about prescription drugs (proper use, misuse, and abuse) important to you? Family Connection: Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Close to one in five teens (17 percent) say they have used a prescription medicine at least once in their lifetime to get high or change their mood, according to the Partnership at Drug Free.org and Metlife Foundation 2011 Partnership Attitude and Tracking Study. Now is the time for family discussion about prescription drugs; to get your conversation started visit the parent resource center from Partnership for a Drug-Free America at theparenttoolkit.org. NEA Health Information Network 13

Lesson 2 Grades: 5 – 6 Rx for Understanding: Proper Use of Prescription Drugs Topic Objective(s) Prescription Drug Safety Students will: Estimated Class Time Two 45-minute class sessions Determine the difference between prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Explain why it is important to follow the directions for prescription drugs. Identify practices that reduce the possibility of misuse of prescription drugs. Integrated Subjects Health and English Language Arts Materials and Preparation What you will need: Student Reproducible 2 (one per student) Chart paper (two or three pieces) Tape At-A-Glance Opening Activity: Medication Sort Blank paper (one sheet per group of four or five students) Writing paper (one sheet per student) Basic classroom supplies (markers, crayons, and pencils) Pillars of Proper Use: Prediction Activity Before the lesson: Practice with Labels: Student Reproducible 2 Write the six Reminders for Proper Prescription Drug Use onto the board and cover the list with a piece of chart paper. Closing Activity: Learning Letters Copy Student Reproducible 2. Reminders for Proper Prescription Drug Use Do not self-medicate Do not share Store safely and securely Follow all directions exactly: how much (dosage), when, where, how, who Adhere to the expiration date Use correct disposal methods 14 Rx for Understanding: Be Smart about Prescription Drugs

Procedures (Session 1) Opening the Lesson: Medication Sort (40 minutes) 1. Write the word “medicine” on the board or piece of chart paper. 2. Ask students how they would explain the term “medicine” in their own words. After giving students a few minutes to think to themselves, have students share thoughts with the class. Medicine Possible responses: medicines are substances that can be helpful to your body when taken properly for a specific purpose; you take medicine to reduce or eliminate pain; a person takes a medicine to help fight a disease. Connect the learning: In Lesson 1 students learned how medicines serve an important purpose in their overall health (when used properly). 3. D ivide the class into small groups. 4. Direct students to brainstorm names of medications. Have students list and record five medications in one minute. A recorder for each group can list the medications on a piece of blank paper. 5. Direct each small group to select a reporter. Have the reporter read their group’s list to the class. 6. Record the responses read by the reporter on the board or chart paper beneath the word “medicine.” If a medicine is listed more than once, then place one

Prescription drug abuse can lead to addiction. Prescription drug abuse is illegal. Prescription drug abuse can have serious health consequences. Just one instance of accidental misuse or intentional abuse of prescription drugs can be deadly. Knowledge and understanding of these concepts will help prevent the

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