BUBBLE CAP ASSEMBLY Filed April 10, 1956 . 2. Sheets-Sheet L. FIG1 A 44 2.
July 7, 1959 A. HALTMEIER 2,893,713 BUBBLE CAP ASSEMBLY Filed April 10, 1956 FIG1 A . 2. Sheets-Sheet l. ASS442. ta- - ? FIG2 SECTIONA-B FG4 INVENTOR, ALFRED HAirlif By 4yrs 4.4. 7. ATTORNEYs
July 7, 1959 2,893,713 A. HALTMEER BUBBLE CAP ASSEMBLY Filed April 10, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 NSA verytsay cINVENTOR. ALFRED HALTMEIER ATTORNEYS
United States Patent Office 2,893,713 Patented July 7, 1959 2 further embodiment of a helical guide vane for a bubble cap assembly in accordance with the invention, Figure 6 is: a vertical section of a still further embodi 2,893,713 ment of a bubble cap assembly in accordance with the in BUBBLE CAPASSEMBLY vention provided with a deflecting ring, Figure 7 is a partial plan view of the embodiment Alfred Haltmeier, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany, as signor to Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, shown in Figure 6, Leverkusen, Germany, a corporation of Germany Figure 8, is a vertical section of a still further embodi ment of a bubble cap assembly in accordance, with the Application April 10, 1956, Serial No. 577,235. 10 invention provided with a deflecting ring. Figure 9 is a partial plan view of the embodiment shown 6. Claims. (CI. 261-14) in Figure 8, and, Figures 10, 11 and 12 are vertical sections showing still further of bubble cap assemblies in accord This invention relates to a new, improved bubble cap 15 ance withembodiments the invention. assembly and is a continuation-in-part and consolidation The bubble cap assembly, in accordance with the in of my copending applications Serial No. 388,874, filed vention for use on a distilling column tray, has a bubble October 28, 1953 and now abandoned and 469,491, filed cap of conventional construction and a guide ring con November 17, 1954, and now abandoned. centrically positioned about the bubble; cap, defining a Bubble cap assemblies for use on distillation column 20 turbulence chamber, adapted to be filled with liquid sur trays-are well known. rounding the bubble cap. Flow guide means are posi The bubble caps are conventionally in the form of a tioned for deflecting gasses passing from under the bubble cap member having a closed top and a cylindrical, dome into the turbulence chamber in a direction to cause like or bell-like shape. The bubble caps are positioned cap rotation of the liquid in the turbulence chamber. above openings in the distillation tray so that gases or 25 Very surprisingly and unexpectedly, by providing the vapor passing through this opening are trapped in the cap turbulence chamber, which filled with liquid and which and pass out through the lower edge or rim of the cap surrounds. the bubble cap isand passing the gases or which may be provided with serrations, grooves, slits, vapors, which will be generallybyreferred to herein as ridges, or the like. into the turbulence chamber in such a manner that In operation when the gas or vapor passes through a 30 gases, the liquid in the turbulence chamber is caused to rotate, bubble cap of known structure, a certain quantity of the the liquid will no longer be carried along by the upwardly liquid on the tray is carried upward by the gas or vapor moving gas stream and the efficiency of the unit will be to the next subsequent tray. The efficiency of the bubble substantially The flow guide means positioned cap is limited by the quantity of this liquid carried up for deflectingincreased. gases passing under the bubble cap into the ward which increases with an increasing gas - or vapor ve 35 turbulence chamber may be any desired guide means and locity. The decrease in the efficiency with the increasing may, for example, be in the form of guide vanes provided gas or vapor velocity is expressed by the so-called "power at the lower edge of the bubble cap. The guide means are, amplification ratio” as set forth in Kirschbaum "Destillier however, preferably, guide vanes positioned adjacent the und Rektifiziertechnik,' Edition II, page 242. surface of the bubble cap extending is an oblique In order to increase the efficiency of operation, par 40 outer direction with respect to the bubble cap axis to admit ticularly when using higher gas or vapor velocities, it was gases passing from under the bubble cap obliquely into the proposed to insert baffle plates or pack layers of filling turbulence. chamber. With this arrangement, the pres material between the plates or trays of the distillation sure loss of the gases involved in effecting the rotating column. Liquid carried along by the vapor is separated motion of the liquid in the turbulence chamber is par by these plates or packed layers, allowing the use of higher 45 ticularly low, whereas the same is relatively higher if the gas or -vapor velocities without a decrease in efficiency guide means are formed at the lower edge of the bubble caused by the carrying along of the liquid and thus a cap as, for example, in the form of slits obliquely directed higher load. into the turbulence chamber. These baffle plates or packed layers, however, have a The invention will be described in further detail with certain space requirement which off-sets their advantage 50 reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying in that the same cause a decrease in the number of trays drawing. or plates which may be positioned in a given column Referring to the embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, 3 height. represents a distillation column tray or plate of conven One object of this invention is a bubble cap assembly tional construction provided with the chimney 2. A strap which overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages by 55 or brace 5 is secured across the chimney near its top and preventing liquid from being carried along by the up holds the threaded bushing 6, centrally positioned in the wardly moving gas or vapor in spite of a high gas or vapor chimney. A bubble cap 1 is mounted above the chimney velocity and without the use of separating devices such as by means of the threaded spindle 4 which is screwed into baffle plates or packed layers. This, and still further ob the bushing 6. jects, will become apparent from the following description 60 A. guide ring 8 is concentrically positioned about the read in conjunction with the drawings in which: bubble cap defining a turbulence chamber 9 adapted to be Figure 1 is a vertical section of an embodiment of a filled with liquid surrounding the bubble cap. The guide bubble cap assembly in accordance with the invention, ring 8 is covered with a deflecting ring 13 provided with a central opening 12 though the guide ring may be open on Figure 2 is a cross-section of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, 65 top or have openings through the top in any desired man ner. The guide ring 8 may be positioned with its lower Figure 3 is a perspective view of the bubble cap of the rim spaced from the tray 3 to allow the flow of liquid bubble cap assembly, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a partial vertical section showing an embodi therebetween or may, as shown, be positioned directly on ment of a helical guide vane construction in accordance the tray 3 and provided with the openings or slits 14.so that 3.liquid may enter the turbulence chamber 9 from the 70 tray with the invention, Figure 5 is a partial vertical section showing a still A multiple number of helical guide vanes 11 are
2,898,713 3 mounted on the outer surface of the bubble cap 1 and extend in an oblique direction with respect to the axis of the bubble cap which extends in the direction of the spindle 4. The helical guide vanes 1 are preferably designed so that the same have an angle of inclination with a plane extending normal to the axis of the bubble cap of less than 45 and preferably about 15 to 30. In other words, if the helical guide vanes 1 were to be considered anal ogous to the threads on a screw with the outer surface of the bubble cap 1 being considered analogous to the outer surface of the core of the screw, the guide vanes would have a pitch of less than 45 and preferably 15 to 30. The width of the vanes should be more than about 10 mm., preferably about 20 to 50 mm. The lower edge of the bubble cap 1 around which the gas bubbles flow need not be serrated or provided with notches, but, as shown, may be in the form of a smooth i. In order to distribute the gas bubbles which bubble around this rim, it is preferable for the guide vanes 1 to be substantially equidistantly positioned around the outer surface of the bubble cap in the manner of threads on a multi-thread screw. Six or eight guide vanes may, for example, be distributed around the outer surface of 4. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the in vention, this is prevented by positioning the guide ring in contact with the outer edges of the helical guide vanes, or by providing a deflecting ring concentrically positioned with respect to the bubble cap to deflect gases passing under the bubble cap, upwardly against the lower side of the helical vanes. In the embodiment, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the construction is similar to that shown in Figure 1 except 10 that the bubble cap 19 is mounted directly on the tray 20 by means of the base flange 25, and the slit like open ings 22 are provided through which gases escape from the bubble cap into the turbulence chamber 23. The helical guide vanes 21 are in the form of inverted semi-circular 5 channels and a deflecting ring 24 is concentrically posi tioned with respect to the bubble cap 9 being secured to the base flange 25 as, for example, by spot welding. The guide ring 26 is completely open at its upper end. In operation, the gases which pass through the chimney 20 27 escape from the bubble cap 19 through the slots 22 and are deflected upwardly by the deflecting ring 24 so that the same are directed and guided against the lower side of the lower ring of helical guide vanes 21. Sub stantially all of the gas, therefore, contributes causing 25 the rotary motion of the liquid in the turbulence cham ber 23. In all other respects the operation is the same as the bubble cap in this manner. The guide vanes, as described in connection with Figure 1. shown, extend below and above the upper edge of the An embodiment, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, corre bubble cap. In operation, liquid is maintained on the to the construction and operation of that shown upper surface of the tray 3 and flows through the open 30 sponds in Figure 6 except that the bubble cap 29 is dome-shaped, ings 14 into the turbulence chamber 9. Gas is passed the guide ring 30 frusto-conically shaped and the lower, up through the chimney 2, is captured under the bubble outer edges of the lower ring of helical guide vanes 31 is cap and flows around the lower edge 10 of the bubble secured to the deflecting ring 32 as, for example, by spot cap 1 into the turbulence chamber 9. As the gas bubbles move upwardly from the edge 10 of the bubble cap, the 35 welding. In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the deflect same are forced to follow a spiral path between the ing ring 38 is mounted in position above the tray 39 by helical guide vanes 11 causing the liquid present in the being secured, as for example by spot welding, to the turbulence chamber 9 to circulate. The pressure oss outer edges of the lower row of helical guide vanes 40. of the gases involved in effecting the rotation of the In this embodiment, the guide ring 41 is curved inwardly liquids is very low since the helical guide vanes admit 40 in a somewhat nozzle shape, but in all other respects the the gases tangentially or obliquely into the turbulence chamber and consequently it is not necessary to impart construction and operation is the same as described in connection with the previous embodiments. Parts 42, 43 a tangential or oblique motion to the gas entering the and 44 correspond to parts previously designated 2, 15 bubble cap assembly. Due to the rotation of the liquid and 16 respectively. in the turbulence chamber 9 it is possible to considerably the embodiment, as shown in Figure 11, the guide increase the gas load of the bubble cap assembly since 45 ringIn 45 is mounted on an inwardly turned flange 46 and the droplets carried along will fly off tangently due to the the deflecting ring 47 is connected as, for example, by rotary motion and will be collected by the guide ring 8. spot welding both the flange 46 and the outer edge of the The gases then flow through the opening 12 to the next lower group of helical guide vanes 49 so that the vanes tray and the deflecting ring 3 aids in collecting any drop let which may be carried along. The deflecting ring 3 or 50 49, the bubble cap 50, the deflecting ring 47 and the 46 are all rigidly interconnected. a similar ring may be mounted in the upper edges of the flange In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 12, the guide guide vanes 11 projecting above the top of the bubble ring 54 serves a dual purpose, also acting as the deflect cap 1. The liquid circulating in the turbulence chamber 9 is ejected over the upper rim of the guide ring 8 pass- . . ing ring since the same is positioned immediately adjacent outer edges of the helical guide vanes 55 with the ing around the edge of the opening 12 in the deflecting 55 the guide vanes secured thereto as, for example, by welding. ring 13. Since the droplets which are carried along by The gas passes under the bubble cap, through the slots the upwardly moving gas are separated by more or less 56, and is forced to pass along the helical path defined centrifugal force, and since this force is increased with by the guide vanes 55 since the outer limit of flow is con an increasing velocity of gas flow and the tendency to . fined guide ring 54. The parts 57 and 58 corre carry along the droplets with an increased gas flow is 60 spondbyto the parts previously designated 3 and 2. compensated for. While in various known bubble cap assemblies, con In order to prevent the upwardly moving gases from centric rings of various types were used, the same were leaving the helical path defined by the helical guide vanes always provided, for example, to provide a lengthened 11, as for example by moving past the outer rim of these or more tortuous path of flow for the gas merging from helical guide vanes, the outer edges of the vanes may be 65 the bubble cap. Additionally bubble caps were known bent downwardly so that the guide vanes are more or less which would impart to the gases emerging therefrom a in the form of an inverted trough or channel as, for ex rotational or spiral like motion in an attempt to increase ample, may be seen from Figures 4 and 5. the contacting effect. Even, however, with this downward bending of the The increase in efficiency, in accordance with the in 70 outer rim of the helical guide vanes, it has been found vention, however, can only be obtained by positioning the that at higher gas velocities a portion of the gas may tend guide ring so as to define a turbulence chamber for to travel beyond the helical guide vanes and their down liquid surrounding the bubble cap and by providing wardly bent edges so that some of the gas will not con the guide means so that the gases emerging from the tribute to the rotation of the liquid within the turbulence 75 bubble cap will cause a rotation of the liquid in the chamber defined by the guide ring.
5 2,898,718 6 3. A bubble cap assembly, according to claim 2, in which said helical guide vanes are substantially equidis turbulence chamber and a centrifugal separation of the liquid from the gas against the walls of the turbulence chamber. tantly positioned around the outer surface of said bub ble cap. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown, various changes and modifications will become apparent to the skilled artisan which fall within the spirit of the inven tion and the scope of the appended claims. As used herein, and in the claims, the term "oblique' with respect to the admission of gases into the tuburlence chamber is intended to designate any direction which will form an angle with a radius of the turbulence cham ber including a tangential admission and will thus tend to cause rotation of any liquid in the turbulence chamber. I claim: 1. A bubble cap assembly for use on a distilling col umn tray comprising a bubble cap, a guide ring con centrically positioned about said bubble cap defining a turbulence chamber surrounding the bubble cap, at least one helical guide vane having a downwardly deflected 20 outer rim positioned adjacent the outer surface of said bubble cap oblique with respect to the bubble cap axis to admit gases obliquely into the turbulence chamber and means concentrically positioned with respect to said 25 bubble cap to deflect gases passing under said bubble cap upwardly against the lower side of said helical vane. 2. Bubble cap assembly according to claim 1 includ ing a multiple number of helical guide vanes surround ing said bubble cap, each of said helical guide vanes having a downwardly deflected outer rim positioned ad 30 jacent the outer surface of the bubble cap oblique with respect to the bubble cap axis to admit gases obliquely into the turbulence chamber. 4. Bubble cap assembly according to claim 1 in which said means concentrically positioned with respect to said bubble cap is a deflecting ring connected to said helical guide vane. 5. Bubble cap assembly according to claim 1, in which O said means concentrically positioned with respect to said bubble cap is a deflecting ring connected to said guide ring. 6. Bubble cap assembly according to claim 1, in which 5 said guide ring defines said means concentrically posi tioned with respect to said bubble cap. References Cited in the file of this patent 1,605,264 1,674,464 1,776,032 1,821,619 1,878,467 2,205,284 2,600,710 UNITED STATES PATENTS Millard ---------------- Nov. 2, 1926 Burke ---------------- June 19, 1928 Kobernik -------------- Sept. 16, 1930 Day ------------------ Sept. 1, 1931 Clarke ---------------- Sept. 20, 1932 Eckart ---------------- June 18, 1940 Wade ---------------- June 17, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 128,497 149,392 Austria -------------- May 25, 1932 Switzerland ------------ Nov. 16, 1931 629,086 936,031 1,085,607 Germany -------------- Apr. 22, 1936 Germany -------------- Dec. 1, 1955 France -------------- July 28, 1954
Bubble cap assemblies for use on distillation column trays-are well known. The bubble caps are conventionally in the form of a cap member having a closed top and a cylindrical, dome like or bell-like shape. The bubble caps are positioned above openings in the distillation tray so that gases or
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which appear either in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05, or as reprints obtainable from ASTM. 1.2 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the purchase order, the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard .
