Architectural Symbols
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING INFORMATION ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS The drawing of an architectural working drawing requires a knowledge of the sym bols and terms commonly used in the design and construction industry. All architectural working drawings must communicate in a clear and concise manner to the builders. In order to simplify the details on a drawing and to speed drawing time it is neces sary to use architectural symbols. Many symbols are designed to approximate the ap 'pearance of an item, or the material from which it is constructed (Fig. 1 ). Some symbols however, may have no graphic resemblance to the material or item that they are to represent (fig. 2 ). riel Fig. 1 Some architectural symbols are similar to the item they represent Fig. 2 Some architectural symbols have no similarity to the item they represent SYMBOL CONVENTIONS The American Institute of Architect (AlA) and the American National Standard In stitute (ANSI) have each set standard conventions for architectural symbols. Since many new and different types ,of construction materials, appliances and fixtures are con tinually being developed and IJsed in construction, many architectural drafters will use symbols of their own design and show their meaning in a legend or symbol chart on the drawing. While there are some different symbols being used, there is an overall accep tance of the AlA and ANSI symbol conventions. As a general rule when a symbol is not clear or a new type of material is to be noted on a drawing, a notation should be used with the symbol (Rg. 3 ,). This Will clarify the communication to the builders. It must be remembered that architectural working draw ings must be read by many persons in the building trades. Everything must be clear so no guess work will be involved with the design, ordering of materials or construction phases. z: I DOUBLE THERMAL PANES Rg. 3 For clarity, if it is needed, use a notation with the symbol
RULES FOR DRAWING SYMBOLS 1. Always use drawing instruments. Never draw the symbols freehand on a working drawing. Use an architectural drawing template to increase the speed and clarity of the symbols (Fig. 4 ). Be certain that the template figures are the same scale as your drawing's scale. 2. The location of the symbol on the working drawing is closely approximated. If an exact location is required, dimensions must be added to the symbol on the drawing (Fig. 5 ). 3, Symbols are not drawn to the exact size of the actual item. The general size of the architectural symbols will vary with the scale of the drawing. The symbol should be of convenient reading size, It should 110t be too small or large (Fig. 6). 4. Material symbols need not cover the full surface as shown in figure 7 Repetitious drawing symbols need not be completely drawn. 5. Have references for architectural symbols available. / : c / -' i 1 / / -.::z-l / / / . 6'-6' HT / I La' 4 '-0' ,/// .I Fig. 4 Use an architectural template for the drawing of symbols Fig. 5 Add dimensions if exact locations are required SCALE TOO SMALL GOOD SCALE CEDAR SHINGLES SCALE TOO LARGE Fig. 6· Good symbol proportions are important for architectural working drawings '1,6' VERTICAL SIDING Fig. 7 Symbols for surface cover materials need not cover the entire surface
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWJNG INFORMATION SHEET PLUMBING SYMBOLS 8ECESSE-D BATI--l TUB 7 I BT lC -1T COPjNEp' BATWTUB BT ( l'r '· WALL UN WATE cCOS we O WALLl--lUN LAVATOFW .LAV SQUAF\E BATUTUB BT BT AT&h . m l'. " ;CI V· P SITZ. BATUTUB '. ONE PIE:Lc W,ATEI1 CLOSET I§iri .----------:: -. we BT . *A' c J 0·' TWO PIECE WATE CLOSET . : we U INAL o . : 5TANOINS " . U INAL B .meUp'Ed e! ND N" -r LAVATOp'Y L,AV WCL WCL WALL WUN 1 F- c-E BIDE-T WATEi')·COOU::l1 . UPj o 51.WWE: WEAO: 51--1\--10 lZ2r F'r:jE2 5TANDINCj BATH TUB - If, o II : . COUNTE" Top l LAVATO Y LAV ' :
WINDOW SYMBOLS DOU8LE: I-IUNe, WINDOW DWW L SLJOINe, WINDOW 5LO WOw 5WINGINC, WINDOWS SWG, WOW .-J WOPPe AWNIN ; WINDOW AWN WOW ron WINDOW WOP WOW JALOUSIE:- WINDOW JAL WOW c ra. \ \ \\\-;\\' FIXE-D WINDOW FX WOW SQUD. c BAY WINDOW SQ BAy wow BAY WINDOW BAy WOW DOOR SYMBOLS \ . ·YJl c:::: - r . . q /\ INT IO OO"" DOUBLE 5WIN INe, ooo XT INT DF'] Ili!ld 05LoSW OPt SLO ; Oq / POCIlE:-T OOO PI1 oq BilJlJl.ir.,. VJi ACCO OIAN DUTCI-l 'DOO DT D 00 s::: ;:::;; Iii{ 0 SLtD1N ; ooo 00 o ACON D Jl e OOA 'I o .; F E-NC\-1 F- 0001 \5 O S . 1 I; .: I ood101 B'FOLo N, BI-l -LD oPts
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWII -.J VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS Abbreviation, plan symbol, elevation and pictorial .t' BUILDING MATERIAL SYMBOLS: NAME ABBRV SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION NA"'E COM BRK I WELDED WIRE MESH FACE BRICK FC BRK I FABRIC FAB FIREBRICK FRB I. UOUID laO GLASS '. GL COMPOSITION SHINGLE COMP SH COMMON BRICK ., GLASS BLOCK STRUCTURAL GLASS Gl BLK STRUC Gl ml \ FROSTED GLASS STEEL CAST IRON BRASS & BRONZE ALUMINUM FRST Gl STl CST IR BRS BRZ ' Al SHT SHEET METAL IFLASHING} MrL FLASH REINFORCING STEEL BARS REBAR , " - 1l1li R 1l1li J 1 1 L WWM .-" II'j ':J ::J,:,'I t: -- --: j SECTION SYMBOL ABBRV RIOGID INSULATION SOLID RDG INS LOOSE-FILL INSULATION INS QUILT OlT NAME ELEVATiON Sl I.u I -- - f} I E31 mlam IF """'';-'''''-1 MM I [1[ ;1::7;I'/J; "d ,-\''') f-- . I ABBRV EARTH MARBLE MARB GRAVEL GV FLAGSTONE FlG ST CINDERS I CIN CUT SLATE AGR RANDOM RUBBLE AGGREGATE CONC fS{yj CEMENT CEM LId I[:.;:: \: 'ili CONCRETE PLASTER WALL PLST WL 1[[3d CONCRETE BLOCK CONC BlK PLASTER BLOCK PLST BLK STUQS CHNSTD '::.:::'-::.':::::'. I CT SlT -- TER CONC '1 I [22] SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION I [ - TERAZZO CONCRETE PLASTER WALL AND CHANNEL CT STN RGH SD Imlmm CTSTN ASH SAND CRK INS PlST Wl& MT lTH CUT STONE, ASHLAR CUT STONE, ROUGH CORK INSULATION PLASTER WALL AND METAL LATHE ABBRV RK I- III:I:I NAME ROCK SND INS I I '1 Ii ELEVATION rr SOUND INSULATION. I SECTION SYMBOL [:.:.···.··;,::\ {{ltj '1::. .:.' : 10'1': .:' ;:J.i:.;J. LIMESTONE LM ST CERAMIC TILE CER Tl TERRA-COTTA TILE TC Tl -CAST BLOCK STRUCTURAL CLAY TilE I ST Cl TL -- r' [1:::1:1: :::: .:::-",.'. CST BlK 1'] Ll SCALE I TL --CINDER BLOCK TERRA· COTTA BLOCK LARGE SCALE :' "J';"V: 11",':":':"j GLAZED FACE HOLLOW TILE igil TERRA·COTTA BLOCK SMALL SCALE CIN BLK TC BlK ::.'; I'lt . : . : .' :: . ·. .;:·;il .';".:.:: .\.:;. ;; i JI RND RUB .:··.·.\.· .:1 ,.: . :t. - -.-T'ln I I GLZ FAC HOl Tl TC BLK IM I- ElrnHE m'!rnHE 1111 1111 II I f:(:);:' :;,l
")LlANCE AND FIXTURE SYMBOLS DOOR SYMBOLS --",, ,1 NAME NAME ABBRV SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL NAME ABBRV . SECTION SYMBOL - c. ,, -. . " w. -"" - axXTor w'" . - . - . .L'l'"'" 8 - . ABBRV LWnDRY "o,'" 't::loJ III SECTION SYMBOL \Q1 "' IY"'Lo.'OtJ Tto WC\, wt "let , Ire --n WCl -:----. . ". -- l -rd it I'ri"I :',,"YO ""'''T'(ACOOL ,. ELEVATION PICTORIAL '\J HINGEO·DOOR saUD CORE DOUBlE ACTION 00," :: :u.: ::., .'!"ofnJl ." OOUIlLE SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL Olio{ "' - .,.,.? df 1QJ--'1 0 d . r , '1L5Ld ,CSl DVTCHOOOII OJ ,.----·1 IIYl'ASSING IJlC w. lWo.l " SUDINl] G WERHEAO GAAA.aEOOOFl DOORS l1ARAGEOOOII ill : a .! SUDIN!) POCKET 000' '" IIIF lLDING 'H'U 00'''' OR "'OHOR " I ,' ,.,., LDR'Y FRENCH . RlUfI.·IDf Q,t,RAGEDOOR vv P.OL1.-UP * . -o-c:m NAME OOUBL ·HUNG Wlt!DOW H01IIlONTAl SUOINQ 'MNDDW A.HINO IMNOOW - -V- YJl --JJ OHW SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL 00 o "- I ll·· NAME HOPPER o4li-eAV lVINOOW DOUBLE·HUNG 000'"' SWiNGINO CASEMENT W1 DOW . ' SECTION SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL .,,, BARo".lw: ABBRV 'MNDOW CASEMENT "MNDOW ' ' 0 ABBRV iIrL '----1! : ,.: seCTIONAL . GAfl.A.l1EDOOR :/ : ABBRV C:O "H1 EXTERIOR 00," AWN 1IW.1lf'\. WINDOW SYMBOLS NAME .nmJ. ELEVATION PICTORIAL HINGED DOOR SANITATION FACILITY SYMBOLS NAME ABBRV SECTION SYMBOL HOUOWCOllE :rnrA , .lrt \J -- -,--,- :ECU NAME COAOlAN IHTEllIOA jgL llIIllll&lllll!tIIIWill!! w"' SECTION ELEVATION PICTORIAL SYMBOL . ELEVATION PICTORIAL :EI: Lt ,:E: - :Rt ". ABBRV
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING INFORMATION SHEET FLOOR-PLAN DIMENSIONING Dimensions show the builder the width and length of the building. Dimensioning architectural drawings differ from dimensioning mechanical drawings in many ways. The DIMENSIONING system most commonly used in architectural drafting is known as aligned dimensioning. With this system, dimensions are placed in line with the dimension lines and are read from the bottom or right side of the sheet. Dimension numerals are centered on and placed above the solid dimension lines: 41' 0" 15'-0. " eo' O· 7/-f.p# uOAO BcTOM C -' /0 // I I / I ;, "? ,j . .4-' 0· : "'"" --;, -' ;, . -' .2 " Q Q -' " B' !#· If.' f.pJl 'L\/ O" BASEMENT F-LOOQ. PLAN ALIGNED DIMENSIONING ON A FLOOR PLAN :1
RULES FOR DIMENSIONING 1. Architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with dimensions placed above the line. 2. In drawing plans, feet and inch marks may be omitted as a general rule, (Do not omit dash). a. Dimensions over l' are expressed in feet and inches. b. Dimensions less than l' are shown in inches. 3. A slash is often used with fractional dimensions to conserve vertical space. 4. Dimensions should be placed to read from the right or from the bottom of the drawing. 5. You should place dimensions so that the drawing does not appear crowded. a. Space dimension fines a minimum of 3/8" from the object and from each other. b. If there is room, it is preferred to start the first dimension line 1/2" from the plan. 6. Be consistent so that dimension lines are evenly spaced (regardless of distance chosen). 7. Dimension lines terminate at the extension lines with dots, arrowheads, or slash marks. 8. Dimension numerals are drawn 1/8" high with the aid of guidelines. 9. Line and arrowhead weights are the same as those used in dimensioning mechanical drawings. 10. Overall building dimension are placed outside the other dimension Jines. a. The first line of dimensions on the plan is the smallest distance from the exterior wall the the center of windows, doors and partition (interior) wails. b. The second lines of dimensions generally gives the distance from the outside walls to the partition (interior) walls. c. The third fine of dimensions is usually the overall distance between the two exterior walls. ,-- .,\PPRO)(IIV1ATELY 1/8" :9 -0 II 1 - , ;/ v SP/lDE DEPENDS UPON ,iWlIILABLE ,900fVI 3/8 " TO 1" L/1 IO'-O / tS"OIl ! .,- INTERIOR EXTENSION ! 17'-0 ' f -- 1 LINES, TO I CENTER OF FEATURE -"., - 11 1/1?" - DIMENSION LINE SPACING EQUAL SP/\CE 3/8" iVll NIMU M EXTERIOR EXTENSIOf\1 L1II JE, ASSUMED TO OUTSiDE FACE OF STUDS
11. Room sizes may be shown by stating width and length. 12. When an area to be dimensioned is too small for the numerals, they are placed outside the extension lines. 13. Window and door sizes may be shown directly on the door or window symbol or may be indexed to a door or wirldow schedu Ie. 14. Curved leaders are sometimes used to eliminate confusion with other dimension lines. 15. When an area is too small for an arrowhead, dots may be used to indicate the dimension limits. 16. When the space is small, arrowheads may be placed outside the extension lines. 17. A dot with a leader refers to the large area noted. 18. Dimensions that cannot be seen on the floor plan or those too small to place on the object are placed on leaders for easier reading. 19. In dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on a line with an arrow indicating the direction (up or down). 20. Windows, doors, pilasters, beams and areaways are dimensioned to their centerlines. 21. Use abbreviations when symbols do not show clearly what is intended. 22. Sub-dimensions must add up to overall dimensions (14'-0" 12'-0" 26'-0"). 23. Architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size of the building regardless of the scale of the drawing. 24. Aligned dimensions are placed in alignment with an angled wall or feature. F OPEN ARROWHEADS CLOSED ARROWHEADS PERPENDICULAR LINES SLASH LINES . '" " v . TRIANGLES 3" MINIMUM II -------r!' v CIRCLES I DOOR CENTERED IN HALLWAY, ASSUMED i\illNIMUM DISTANCE DOOR TO WALL ASSUMED DIFFERENT STYLES OF ARROWHEADS 36"* EADER WITH S OWER LINE CURVED FREEHAND OR IRREGULAR CURVE, OR STRAIGHT. CENTER AT BEGINNING OR END OF NOTE. TERMINATE WITH ARROWHEAD.
COMMON SIZES OF ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 1. Base cabinets generally are not dimensioned as they are typically 24" deep. 2. Closet poles are generally 15" from the back wall and are dashed lines. 3. Closet shelves are solid lines 12" from the back wall. 4. Room components: -exterior walls: 6" -exterior unheated walls (garage, shop): 4" -Interior: 4" -Interior plumbing wall (ie.toilet): 6" -Hallway: 36" minimum wide -entry hallways: 42 - 60" -bedroom closets: 24" minimum depth; 48" length -linen closets: 14-24" deep (not over 3D") -Washer/dryer space: 36" deep; 5'-6" long minimum -Stairways: 36" minimum wide; 10.5" tread(typical); 11 '-4" total run 5. Plumbing: -Bathroom sink: 19" x 16" (oval); provide 9" from edge to wall and about 12" between two sinks; 36" minimum length -Kitchen sink: 32" x 21" for a double, 42" x 21" for a triple -Laundry sink: 21" x 21" -Shower: 36" square; 42" square; or a combination of 36", 42", 48" and 60" for fiberglass; any size for ceramic tile -Toilet space: 30" wide (minimum), 24" clearance in front - Washer/Dryer: 2'-4" square (approXimately) 6. Appliances: -Forced air unit: gas- 18" square (minimum) with 6" space all around (can NOT go under the stairs) ; electric- 24" x 30" (same space reqUirements as gas) - Water heater: gas- 18-24" diameter (can NOT go under the stairs) -Refrigerator: 36" wide space; approximately 27-30" deep; 4" from wall, 4" from the base cabinet. -Stove/cooktop: 30" x 21" deep -Built-in oven: 27" x 24" deep -Dishwasher: 24" x 24" -Trash compactor: 15" x 24" deep; near sink, away from stove -Broom/pantry: 12" minimum x 24" deep, increasing by 3" increments -Desk: 30" x 24" deep (minimum); not within the work triangle -Built-in vacuum: 24" x 30" diameter 7. Doors: -Entry: 36" x 6' 8"; 42" x 8'-0" -Slider or French: 5', 6', 8' (double); 9', 10' (triple); 12' (four panel) -Garage, utility, kitchen and bedrooms on custom houses: 2'-8" -Bedrooms and bathrooms of nice homes: 2'-6" -Bathroom closets: 2'-4" -Garage: 8' x 1', 9' x 8', 16' x l' and 18' x l'
8. Windows: - Living, family: 8' - 10' -Dining: 6' - 8' -Bedrooms: 4' - 6' -Kitchens: 3' - 5' -Bathrooms: 2' - 3' -Sliding: 4', 5' 6' 8' 10' 12' -Single hung: 24", 30", 36" 42" -Casement: same as sliding -Fixed awning: 24", 30", 36" 42", 48" -Fixed sliding: 24", 30", 36" 42", 48" -Picture: 4', 5', 6', 8' -Bay: 8' - 10' total; sides- 18-24" wide SOME METHODS OF DIMENSIONING FLOOR PLANS ,. Method B is preferred for this class (deviation will require teacher approval) A B· */n summary, a floor plan must be completely dimensioned to ensure that the house will be constructed precisely as designed. Many construction mistakes result from errors in architectural drawing, and most of those errors are in dimensioning! One of the best ways to learn how experienced drafters layout dimensions is to study and evaluate existing plans.
NAME ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING WORKSHEET: MEASUREMENT MEASURING A FLOOR PLAN MAKE ALL MEASUREMENTS WITH SCALE: 1/4" 1'-0". SUB DIMENSIONS MUST TOTAL CORRECTLY. - - : -: - -'- - - - -.- --1 -- -,.- --- I L n KITCHEN LJ j LIVING t ( L-- - ---------- --1 -- /\ L1N I L, COMPUTER/ OFFICE vc--R HALL -' /) ,s BEDROOM I i- --- I I ---H. . i 00 -- ' BAT H r CL Q 1 I
sary to use architectural symbols. Many symbols are designed to approximate the ap 'pearance of an item, or the material from which it is constructed (Fig. 1 ). Some symbols however, may have no graphic resemblance to the material or item that they . are to represent (fig. 2 ). riel Fig. 1 Some architectural symbols are similar to the item .
Custom Symbols underneath Basic Symbols in the Symbols pane of the Graphics Editor. Upon drill-down, further layers of Custom Symbols open up. Level 1: This level contains folders and symbols such as region name folders, the Symbols folder, and several .json files, amongst others. In the Metasys UI, expand the Custom Symbols accordion
Architectural symbols on construction drawings show the type and location of windows (Figure 1-1), doors (Figure 1-2), and other features. They show the general shape of an actual architectural feature and show any motion that is supposed to occur. Figure 1-2. Door symbols Figure 1-1. Window symbols
Symbols for Fire Control Plans Symbols Related to Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements Symbols from the Code on Alarms and Indicators, 1995 How to find the Symbols Files containing the Symbols in digital form Tips on the use of the Symbols in digital form and note on colours of the digital images Address of IMO Publications Colophon
A GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR PIPING SYSTEMS AND PLANT BASED ON BS 1553: PART 1: 1977 Scope This part of BS 1553 specifies graphical symbols for use in flow and piping diagrams for process plant. A-1. Symbols (or elements of Symbols) for Use in Conjunction with Other Symbols Mechanical linkage Weight device
Use the built-in ACM symbol tools to quickly create standards-based surface texture symbols, datums, geometric dimensioning and tolerance symbols, targets, weld symbols, and notes. Quickly modified the symbols via a double-click. AUTOCAD MECHANICAL SYMBOLS ACM treats these symbols as an annotation, like a dimension, meaning they honour
This legend contains the symbols used throughout the Architectural Reference Library to represent various architectural elements. Profile and cross-section views are shown where appropriate, along with architectural material symbols. joist. 15 USG Acoustical Assemblies. Partitions. Steel Framed. A. Non-loadbearing Acoustical Performance Fire .
the small shed drawing in the Drawing of a Simple Building (Architectural CAD) activity, all units will be done using imperial measurement. The settings for the drawing will be architectural in the units dialog box and the dimstyle dialog box. Your assignment is to draw all of the drafting symbols found in Figure 1 below (you do not need
Friday was a very good trading day, and this simple method worked like gangbusters. On days when trading is less active, this method still will work well, but you may see fewer trades, and you will definitely see smaller price moves than the ones demonstrated here. But the purpose of these charts is not to convince you to trade this method. They are merely demonstrations of when and where you .
