How To Scale Up Inclusive Innovations? Policy Lessons From A . - OECD
How to Scale Up Inclusive Innovations? Policy Lessons From a Cross-Country Perspective Advisory Group Meeting - 3 July 2014 Lavison Cynthia
Background Based on forthcoming working paper: How to Scale-Up Inclusive Innovation? Policy Lessons from a Cross-Country Perspective This background paper will be the basis for Section B of the final publication. 2
Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. Defining Inclusive Innovations Characteristics of Inclusive Innovations Scaling Up Inclusive Innovations Policy Approaches in Support of Inclusive Innovations 3
1. Defining Inclusive Innovations Innovations that improve the welfare of lower-income and excluded groups – For consumption – In support of economic activities Frugal innovations: poor as end consumers Grassroots innovations: poor also innovators Other critical factors: – Quality – Scale 4
1. Defining Inclusive Innovations Micro indicators – A few case-specific scaling indicators – Needs-based indicators Share of the population with an account at a formal financial institution by income segment, 2011 Share Mobile of themoney population and financial having used a mobile inclusion phone by income to receive segment money inby income Kenya, segment 2011 income (% age 15 ) (% age 15 ) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 16 90 86 75 63 44 47 44 27 15 53 41 29 31 26 10 16 92 80 14 70 12 60 10 50 0 Source: World Bank Findex top 60% 11 40 8 30 6 20 4 10 20 bottom 40% 13 6 4 1 2 1 1 0 bottom 40% 3 3 0 2 1 top 60% Mobile phone to receive money Low Colombia China India used Indonesia South Africa Mobile phone used to send money income 40% financial top 60% Accountbottom at a formal institution Middle income 5
1. Defining Inclusive Innovations Macro indicators – Challenge Government funding of health-related R&D, 2012 As a percentage of GDP 0.3 0.2 0.1 Direct health GBAORD Advancement of knowledge (medical sciences) Other health-related funds Data on indirect health funds not available USA GBR NOR OECD EST CAN DNK ESP PRT LUX KOR ISL AUS FIN EU28 ITA FRA NZL DEU CZE SVN NLD JPN HUN AUT IRL CHL MEX SVK RUS SWE BEL POL GRC ISR CHE 0.0 6 Source: STI Scoreboard 2013
2. Characteristics of Inclusive Innovations Inclusive innovation differ from traditional innovations in several dimensions Frugal Grassroots Type of innovations and impacts Scale of innovation Access to expertise and knowledge Access to expertise and knowledge Financing opportunities Access to finance Information about consumer needs Information about consumer needs Characteristics of demand Costs for providing innovation Market conditions Market conditions 7
3. Factors of Success for Scaling Up Accurately captured the demand Private businesses play central role Importance of innovation (incl. process) Building on existing infrastructure and ecosystems Regulatory framework facilitated development Role of government: Facilitator 8
4. Policy Approaches Governmental Co-operation 1. Type of Innovation and Impacts 2. Scale of Innovations 3. Access to Expertise and Knowledge Fostering co-ordination across other actors 4. Access to Finance 5. Information about Consumer Needs Access to Finance 6. Characteristics of Demand 7. Costs of Providing Innovation Regulatory Framework 8. Market Conditions Other incentives 9
4. Obstacles and Responses 1.Type of Innovation and Impacts Definition and measurement Governmental Co-operation - cross-institutional co-operation Involving local governance Fostering co-ordination across actors 2.Scale of Innovations 3.Access to Expertise and Knowledge Incentives to universities and PRIs, intermediary institutions 4.Access to Finance International co-operation 5.Information about Consumer Needs 6.Characteristics of Demand 7. Costs of Providing Innovation Direct funding, PPPs, fostering private investment Product Regulatory FWs Market Regulatory FWs 8. Market Conditions IP Rights Prizes and Competitions 10
1. Defining Inclusive Innovations Micro indicators -Needs-based indicators -A few case-specific scaling indicators 15 47 27 26 10 4150 16 3140 86 44 75 44 63 29 53 92 0 10 20 30 60 70 80 90 100 Share of the population with an account at a formal financial institution by income segment, 2011 (% age 15 ) 90 bottom 40% top 60% 1 1 0 1 0 4 6 .
CCC-466/SCALE 3 in 1985 CCC-725/SCALE 5 in 2004 CCC-545/SCALE 4.0 in 1990 CCC-732/SCALE 5.1 in 2006 SCALE 4.1 in 1992 CCC-750/SCALE 6.0 in 2009 SCALE 4.2 in 1994 CCC-785/SCALE 6.1 in 2011 SCALE 4.3 in 1995 CCC-834/SCALE 6.2 in 2016 The SCALE team is thankful for 40 years of sustaining support from NRC
Svstem Amounts of AaCl Treated Location Scale ratio Lab Scale B en&-Scale 28.64 grams 860 grams B-241 B-161 1 30 Pilot-Plant 12500 grams MWMF 435 Table 2 indicates that scale up ratios 30 from lab-scale to bench scale and 14.5 from bench scale to MWMW pilot scale. A successful operation of the bench scale unit would provide important design .
We tailored the ‘Attitude Towards Inclusive Education Scale’ (ATIES) developed by Wilczenski [20] to a 22 statements survey, named as Attitude Towards Inclusive Education in India Scale (ATIEIS, Appendix 1). The original ATIES scale has 16 statements to be ranked on a Likert scale (1 -strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree).
The 5 Disciplines of Inclusive Leaders 05 Inclusive leadership is not just about diversity and inclusion Figure 1: The business case for inclusive leadership. Inclusive leaders drive organizational growth in the 21st century. Biggest challenge: create growth. To have growth you need
work/products (Beading, Candles, Carving, Food Products, Soap, Weaving, etc.) ⃝I understand that if my work contains Indigenous visual representation that it is a reflection of the Indigenous culture of my native region. ⃝To the best of my knowledge, my work/products fall within Craft Council standards and expectations with respect to
̶Estimated 30% of DVT/PE patients die within 3mths ̶Up to 50% treated with blood thinners alone develop post - thrombotic syndrome (PTS) 3,5,6 Peripheral Vascular Clot is Significantly Under Treated. 1. Society of Interventional Radiology. Fact Sheet. March 2005. 2. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism.
Scale Review - Review the E - flat scale. Friday 5/29/2020. Scale Review - Review the c minor scale. Sight Reading. Monday 6/1/2020. History - Read 20th Century Packet - Complete listenings and quiz. Scale Review - Practice the B - flat Major scale. Tuesday 6/2/2020. Scale Review - Practice the g melodic minor scale. Wednes
Remember, this is just an abridged form of the major scale. It's not a 'separate', distinct scale. It's just the major scale, in a simpler form. Can you see that this has just a few notes less? Minor Scale Minor Pentatonic Scale Remember, this is just an abridged form of the minor scale. It's not a 'separate', distinct scale.
