'Unconfined Compression Tests On Specimens From The Drift Scale Test .
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185 30 May 1997 iechnical Data Information Form Number 306126 Data Tracking Number SNLO2100196001.001 Unconfined Compression Test Specimen Assembly
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185 30May 1997 Technical Data Information Form Number 306126 Data Tracking Number SNL02100196001.001 ABSTRACT Sample material was recovered from the Drift Scale Test area in the Thermal Testing Facility (Alcove 5) of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada for laboratory thermal and mechanical properties tests. The objectives of these tests were to detect spatial variations in properties and also to characterize the Drift Scale Test area. The results of the laboratory mechanical properties testing are reported here. Sixteen test specimens were prepared from material taken from four instrumentation boreholes and tested in unconfined compression to determine failure strrgth and static elastic moduli. Mean Young's modulus was 36.8 3.5 GPa, mean Poisson's ratio was 0.20 O.04, and mean unconfined compressive strength was 176.4 65.8 MPa. The error bars represent plus or minus one standard deviation. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and strength are all slightly higher than values obtained during characterization of the Single Heater Test area. These tests were performed by Sandia National Laboratories during March and April of 1997. The specimens tested represent tuff specimens from the TSw2 thermal/mechanical unit and the Tptpmn lithostratigraphic unit. All data used in the preparation of this report were collected under Sandia National Laboratories' Quality Assurance program.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page ii of iv Page intentionafly blank
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page iii of iv CONTENTS 1 1. Introduction . .3 2. Sample Acquisition . 3. TestMethods . 7 3.1 Instrumentation . 7 7 3.2 Procedure . 7 3.3 Data Reduction . 8 3.4 Validation Tests . 11 4. Experimental Results . 4.1 Elastic Moduli and Unconfined Compressive Strengths . 11 4.2 Spatial Variability . 11 4.3 Failure Mode . 20 20 4.4 ASTM Reporting Requirerments . 23 5. Conclusions . 6. References.25 FIGURES Figure 1. Index map showing location of Drift Scale Test area within the Exploratory 4 Studies Facility . Figure 2. Locations of instrumentation boreholes used for sample collection . 5 Figure 3. Original locations of test specimens used for unconfined compressive tests . 6 Figure 4. Specimen assembly showing instrumentation . 9 Figure 5. Distribution of Young's moduli for DST area characterization . 13 Figure 6. Distribution of Poisson's ratios for DST area characterization . 13 Figure 7. Distribution of unconfined compressive strengths for DST area characterization. 14 Figure 8. View of DST area showing individual determinations of Young's moduli; is the average Young's modulus for each borehole . . 15 Figure 9. View of DST area showing individual determinations of Poisson's ratios; v is the average Poisson'b ratio for each jorehole . . 16 Figure 10. View of DST area showing individual determinations of unconfined compressive strength; f is the average stress at failure for each borehole . 17 Figure 11. Distribution of Young's modulus values for DST and SHT areas . 18 Figure 12. Distribution of Poisson's ratios for DST and SHT areas . 18 Figure 13. Distribution of unconfined compressive strengths for DST and SHT areas . 19
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page iv of iv TABLES Table 1. List of Milestone Criteria Satisfied by this Document . I Table 2. Borehole Nomenclature . 3 Table 3. Summary Data: Drift Scale Characterization Unconfined Compression Tests. 12 Table 4. Comparison of Mechanical Data from Single Heater and Drift Scale Test Areas . 19 Table 5. Summary of Drillhole Mechanical Properties Data . 19
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5130/97 Page I of 26 1. Introduction This document contains the results of a suite of laboratory mechanical tests designed to assist in the characterization of the Drift Scale Test (DST) area in the Thermal Testing Facility of the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Sixteen test specimens were manufactured from core taken from four instrumentation boreholes. The specimens were tested in unconfined compression to determine unconfined compressive strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. All specimens were taken from boreholes drilled into the Access Observation Drift. Core from the heated drift was not available in time for inclusion in this report. The test methods, instrumentation, data reduction procedures, and results are given in this report. These tests were performed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) during March and April of 1997. The specimens tested represent tuff specimens from the TSw2 thermal/ mechanical (T/M) unit and the Tptpmn lithostratigraphic unit (Tptprnn is an abbreviation for Tertiary, Paintbrush, Topopah Spring Tuff Formation, crystal poor, middle nonlithophysal unit). All data used in the preptnation of this report were collected under SNL's Quality Assurance (QA) program. The work was performed by SNL under Yucca Mountain Project WBS number 1.2.3.14.2. The completion of this document satisfies, in part, CRWMS M&O Level 4 Milestone SP5145M4. This document (TDIF No. 306126) and TDIF No. 306127 satisfy this milestone in full. Table 1 outlines the criteria for this milestone and shows where they are met in this document. Table 1. List of Milestone SP5 145M4 Criteria Results of the laboratory measurements of thermal and mechanical properties will be submitted as a level 4 deliverable SP5145M4, by 5/30/97 to be incorporated into the level 3 deliverable SP3308M3, due by 8/4/97. Criteria for SP5145M4 Location Sample preparation Thermal conductivity TDIF No. 306127 Thermal expansion TDIF No. 306127 Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio Section 2.0 TDIF No. 306127 Thermal Conductivity Testing Thermal Expansion Testing TDIF No. 306127 Uniaxial Compression Tests (15 tests) Young's modulus Section 4.1, Table 3 Poisson's ratio Section 4.1, Table 3 Uniaxial compressive strength Section 4.1, Table 3 ASTM reporting requirements Section 4.4 Thermal/Mechanical, lithologic units Section 4. 1,Table 3
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 2 of 26 Page intentonally blank
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 3 of 26 2. Sample Acquisition The location of the DST area within the ESF is shown in Figure 1, and an enlarged view of the DST area is shown in Figure 2. Boreholes were drilled into the Access Observation Drift area to accommodate placement of instrumentation. Material taken from these boreholes was used to prepare specimens for both mechanical and thermal properties testing. Figure 2 shows the approximate locations of the boreholes used for sample acquisition. Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of one section of the DST area and the approximate original locations of the mechanical test specimens. Sampling was performed at evenly spaced intervals of 6 m as core availability permitted. Table 2 shows the correlation between borehole designation (given in Figures 2 and 3 and in the text of this report) and the full borehole designation. Table 2. Borehole Nomenclature Abbreviated Borehole Number Borehole Designation HDFRI MPBX I MPBX2 MPBX3 ESF-AODHDFR#1 ESF-SDMMPBX-1 ESF-SDMMPBX-2 ESF-SDM MPBX-3 Mechanical test specimens were prepared according to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Technical Procedure SNL TP-05 1 entitled "Preparing Cylindrical Specimens Including Inspection of Dimension and Shape Tolerances." All specimens were ground, right circular cylinders with nominal specimen dimensions of 38.1 mm diameter and 76.2 mm length. The raw core was less than 50 mm in diameter, so the specimens used in this study were smaller than those used for characterization of the NRG and SD boreholes (50.8 mm). Specimens were assigned identification numbers according to SNL Quality Assurance Implementation Procedure (QAIP) 20-3 entitled "Sample Control." The specimen identification number begins with the designation of the borehole, followed by the depth (distance from the borehole collar) of the top of the piece of core from which the specimen was prepared. If multiple test specimens were prepared from a single piece of core, then the specimens were sequentially labeled A-Z. Specimens were tested in the air dried state, i.e., in the as-received condition with no effort made to preserve or alter the moisture content. The moisture content durinp testing was substantially differtiiE than in situ. After recovery from the ESF, the cores may have dtied out at the Sample Management Facility at the Nevada Test Site. They were then machined into specimens using water as a coolant, and then they dried out somewhat in the laboratory until testing. Immediately after testing, specimen fragments were collected and weighed. They were subsequently dried using SNL TP-065, "Drying Geologic Samples to Constant Weight" to determine moisture contents during testing.
Drift Scale Test Area Unconfined Compresson Tests on Specimens from the 5130/97 Page 4 of 26 To North Portal SI gg3 17 1 17 Ghost Dance Fault (a) Plan View Possible Ghost Dance Fault Trace Jr II 11 iL Heat Poss;y OOm Sly Main Drift 1 8Gm 50m Reference Only (Not to Scale) (b) Profile View wOly Figure Figure . Upper Uthophysal Zone Zone Middle Non-Uthophysal Scale Test arRarn location of Drift mapTshoMving Index Scale Test area within.the Exploratory Studies Drift Of location F.ciexmap showing
Drift Scale - Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 5 of 26 Drift Scale-: Test Region Access Observation Drift Heated Drift ESF Norj m Centerline e CS 28 27 ESF Main Drift Section a-a' I 0 o U- Ir R1I-852f-OI2 Figure 2. Locations of instrumentation boreholes used for sample collection.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 6 of 26 a' a Section a-a' HDFR1 8.6 Connecting Drift I I i 32.2 i 48.7 I 68.8 Ca co MPBX1 80.5 62.0 40.8 co 0 32.1 1.C 0 I i" w Ca 5. MPBX2 84.6 71.5 48.4 HDFR1 0 29.0 MPBX3 85.3 38.7 17.7 * Original Location of Test Specimens Values correspond to specimen IDs given in Table 3 and are distances (in feet) from borehole collars TR1-8117.35" Figure 3. Original locations of test specimens used for unconfined compressive tests.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5130/97 Page 7 of 26 3. Test Methods 3.1 Instrumentation The specimen assembly is illustrated in Figure 4. The specimen was placed in a flexible jacket to maintain constant moisture content during testing and to contain the specimen fragments during failure. Ports were cut out of the jacket at the requisite locations to accommodate axial and lateral deformation gages. The axial displacement gage consisted of two Linear Variable Displacement Transformers (LVDTs) located on opposite sides of the specimen. The LVDT barrels were located in a ring, which was attached approximately one specimen radius from the upper end of the specimen. The LVDT cores were on extended rods that rested in cups located on a lower ring placed approximately one specimen radius from the lower end of the specimen. The axial displacement gage therefore measured displacements occurring over the central section of the specimen. Radial strains were measured across one diameter of the specimen using the radial displacement gage developed by Holcomb and McNamee (1984). This gage consists of an LVDT mounted in a ring, which is spring-loaded against the specimen. The barrel oi the LVDT is mounted in the ring, and the core of the LVDT is attached to a leaf spring that directly contacts the specimen surface. Changes in specimen diameter directly displace the LVDT core relative to the barrel. The accuracies of calibrations for both the axial and lateral displacement gages were within 2% of reading over the verified range of 10-100% of full scale. LVDTs were calibrated while mounted in the rings using SNL TP-257, "LVDT Calibration at Sandia National Laboratories." Tests were conducted in a servo-controlled hydraulic loading frame. The servo-controller was operated in strain-control feedback mode and force was applied so that a constant axial strain rate of I0 s' was imposed. The axial force was measured with a load cell calibrated in place by the manufacturer. The calibration constant for the load cell has a standard deviation of 0.02%. 3.2 Procedure Testing was performed in accordance with SNL TP-219, "Unconfined Compression Experiments at Ambient Conditions and Constant Strain Rate." Specimens were inspected for surface irregularities, vugs, and preexisting fractures. After being jacketed and instrumented, specimens were loaded at a constant strain rate of l 5 sX until peak force was reached. Data on all channels were collected whenever the output of one channel increased by a preset anolint. Data were stored if time incremented by 60 seconds, if axial stress incremented by 2 MPa, if axial strain incremented by 3x10 5, or if lateral strain incremented by 2x1 0 5. Specimens were unloaded after passing the peak in axial force. 3.3 Data Reduction Strains were calculated by dividing the measured axial and lateral displacements by the original gage separations. The axial gage consisted of two LVDTs, and the average axial strain is reported. Peak stress is the unconfined compressive strength and is obtained by dividing the peak force by the original cross-sectional area of the specimen. The static elastic constants were calculated by performing linear least squares fits to the data collected between 10 and 50% of the Full scale output for the lateral gage was 0.635 mm (0.025 in) or 0.0167 strain; for the axial gage, full scale output was 1.27 nun (0.05 in) or 0.0333 strain.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 8 of 26 stress difference at failure. Young's modulus is the slope of the linear fit to the axial strain versus axial stress data, and Poisson's ratio is the slope of the linear fit to the axial strain versus lateral strain data. 3.4 Validation Tests Before testing tuff specimens, validation tests were performed on 6061 aluminum to validate the test method. Tests were also performed midway through the testing program and after completion of the test suite. For the pretest validation, measurements of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were within 9% and 15% of the expected values, respectively. Measurements of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were within 2% and 8% of the expected values, respectively, for the midtest and posttest validations.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/3097 Page 9 of 26 Specimen Axial LVDT Axial LVDT Barrel Support Ring - - RRad ial LVDT Barrel Support Ring (detilbelow) LVDT Core Extension Rod - * 3Axial LVDT Core Extension Rod Support Ring - isplacement Gauge\ /Radi T Adjusting Screw\ - Deflection Sp7ring, S t Support Ring LV DT Core r 4 Extension Rod o - Radial LVDT / / TR14117494 Figure 4. Specimen assembly showing instrumentation.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 10 of 26 Page intentionally blank
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page II of 26 4. Experimental Results 4.1 Elastic Moduli and Unconfined Compressive Strengths Sixteen specimens were tested in unconfined compression; the experimental data are summarized in Table 3. Mean values, standard deviations, and 95% confidence limits are given in Table 3 for Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, unconfined compressive strength, and axial strain at peak stress. One specimen, MPBX 1-1.0-A (test UCDSTOO 1), was unloaded after force began to drop at approximately 53 MPa. The specimen was later reloaded (test UCDST017) to a peak stress of 179 MPa. Data from the first loading of this specimen were used to calculate the mean elastic moduli in order to be consistent with the other tests. Data from the second loading were used in calculations of mean unconfined compressive strength and mean axial strain at peak stress. Stress-strain curves for all tests are given in Appendix A. The distribution of Young's moduli is given in Figure 5. Young's moduli ranged from 28.9 GPa to 43.1 GPa, with a mean value of 36.8 GPa. The standard deviation was 3.5 GPa and the 95% confidence limit was 1.7 GPa. The high Young's modulus value (43.1 GPa) corresponds to the first loading of MPBX1-1.0-A. Because this specimen was unloaded at a low stress difference, the modulus was calculated over a lower stress range than for the other specimens. The distribution of Poisson's ratios is given in Figure 6. Poisson's ratio ranged from 0.17 to 0.34, with a mean value of 0.20. The standard deviation was *0.04 and the 95% confidence limit was 0.02. The three specimens with the highest Poisson's ratios (0.34 corresponding to HDFRI-32.2-A, 0.22 corresponding to MPBXl-80.5-A, and 0.22 corresponding to MPBX3-38.7) were the only specimens that had preexisting open fractures. The distribution of unconfined compressive strength values is given in Figure 7. Strength ranged from 71 MPa to 324 MPa with a mean value of 176 MPa. The standard deviation was 66 MPa and the 95% confidence limit was :32 MPa. The highest and lowest strengths were obtained on specimens from MPBX2 that were in relatively close proximity (4 m apart.) Neither specimen had notable surface features that might indicate anomalous behavior. The data shown in Figure 7 appear to be symmetrically distributed about the mean. No analyses were performed to determine the best fitting distribution curves for Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, or unconfined compressive strength. 4.2 Spatial Variability Individual determinations of Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and unconfined compressive strengths are shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10, respectively, plotted at the locations of the original test specimens. The mean values for each borehole are also shown. Because the data are very variable and there are very few tests per borehole, caution must be exercised when comparing boreholes. Bearing this in mind, note that the mean Young's modulus for each borehole decreases with increasing distance from the connecting drift. Although the mean unconfined compressive strength systematically increases with distance from the connecting drift, the standard deviations associated with strength data for each borehole are extremely large. The highest strength values were obtained close to the heated drift. The Young's modulus data may be indicative of some spatial variability within Alcove 5. No systematic variation in Poisson's ratio is indicated. Data from HDFRI show no systematic changes in properties with depth. There are insufficient data to assess anisotropy.
Table 3. Summary Data: Drift Scale Characterization Unconfined Compression Tests UCDST002 UCDST003 UCDSTO4 UCDST005 UCDST006 UCDST007 UCDSTOO8 UCDSToo9 UCDSTO I UCDSTOIO Test ID UCDSTWOI Specimen ID ESF-SDM- ESF-SDM- ESF-SDM- ESP-SDM ESF-SDM- ESF-SDM- ESP-SDM- ESF-SDM- ESF-SDM- ESP-AOD- ESF-AODHDPRIHDFRIMPBXI- MPBXI- MPUXI- MPBXI- MPBXI- MPBX2- MPBX2- MPBX2- MPBX232.2-A 84.6-A 8.6-A 71.5-A 48.4-A 80.5-A 29.0-A 62.0-A 40.6-A 1.0-A 32.1-A 4/1/97 4/1/97 4/1/97 3/31/97 3/31/97 3/31/97 3/31/97 3/31/97 3/31/97 3/28197 3/28/97 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tpy.,mn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpn Tptpmn Tptpmn 2.28 2.31 2.28 2.23 2.30 2.30 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.26 0.67 0.32 0.49 0.56 0.53 0.61 0.45 0.60 0.81 0.48 0.51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.4 34.5 40.2 37.8 36.2 37.8 34.5 38.2 39.3 43.1 38.5 0.20 0.34 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 324.1 268.3 123.1 128.n 71.3 114.1 97.2 178.0 52.7 201.0 232.6 I .001852 0.009506 0.007966 0.003497 0.001267 0.005642 0.006191 0.003016 0003577 0.005467 0.003877 Date Tested Thennal/Mechanical Unit Lithostratigraphic Unit Dry Bulk Density Moisture Content (%) Confining Pressure Static Young's Modulus (GPa) Static Poisson's Ratio Unconfined Compressive Strength (MPa) Axial Strain at Peak Stress - Test ID Specimen ID Date Tested ThermaU/Mechanical Unit Uthostratigraphic Unit Dry Bulk Density Moisture Content (%) ConfiningPressure Static Youngs Modulus (GPa) Static Poisson's Ratio Unconfined Compressive Strcngth (MPa) Axial Strain at Peak Stress - UCDST0I 'B 2 DSTI 3 2 - - UCDST1I 4 - - Sasc UCDST1I UCDST1I UCDST0I 7 6 5 - Mean Standard Deviation Count 95% Confidence 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6 0.17 159.0 28.9 0.18 172.2 34.8 0.22 158.6 35.4 0.18 239.1 38 2.06 179.4 36.8 0.201 176.4 3.5 0.040 68 16 16 16 1.7 0.020 32.3 0.006551 0.007332 0.006082 0.003582 0.005209 0.002048 16 0.001004 U2 - QOO.5536 0 (A 0 0 I a Limit 40.0 0.19 175.6 0.003668 0 Summary Reloading ESF-AOD- SF-AOD- ESP-SDM- ESF-SDM ESF-SDM- ESF-SDMHDFRI- HDFRI- MPBX3- MPBX3- MPBX3- MPBXI1.0-A 38.7-A 85.3-A 48.7-A 68.8-A 17.7-A 4/1/97 4/2/97 4/2/97 4/1/97 4/1/97 4/1/97 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 TSw2 Tpzpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn Tptpmn 2.26 2.27 2.24 2.29 2.28 2.24 0.42 0.48 0.48 0.83 0.74 0.46 C I (A 90 9'-4 Test Conditions: Nominally 38.1 mmin diameer, 76.2mm in n.ibent temperature and piessur nominal strain rate of IWosf. (a) Test specimen ESF-SDM-MPBXI-.0-A was tested twice. Mean Young's modulus and mean Poisson's ratio were calculated using data from the first loading only (UCDST0O). Mean unconfined compressive strengths was calculated using data frm the second loading only (UCDST017).
7 ,. Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 4 s 5/30197 Page 13 of 26 3 Mean Youns Modulus t 36.8 3.5 GPaJ. 21 .0 E Vf I - 0 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35 36-37 38-39 42-43 40-41 Young's Modulus (GPa) Figure 5. Distribution of Young's moduli for DST area characterization. 6 Mean Poisson's Ratio 0.20 0.04 Cn 4 I-I 0 E Z 2 0 J MI I III I I I 0.15-0.16 0.17-0.18 0.19-0.20 021-0.22 023-024 025-026 027-028 029-0.30 0.31-0.32 0.33-0.34 Poisson's Ratio Figure 6. Distribution of Poisson's ratios for DST area characterization.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 14 of 26 3 Mean Value of Unconfined CompressPe Strength 176 66 MPa 4-2 U) C- E Z 05075 75100 100125 125150 150175 175200 200225 225250 250275 275300 300325 Peak Stress (MPa) Figure 7. Distribution of unconfined compressive strengths for DST area characterization. The data obtained in this study are compared with data obtained during characterization of the Single Heater Test (SHT) region (TDIF # 305602) in Table 4 and in Figures 11, 12, and 13. Mean values of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and compressive strength are all higher for the DST data set. Minor differences in the testing programs should be discussed. The SHT test specimens had a length to diameter (L:D) ratio of 2.5 whereas the DST test specimens had an L:D ratio of 2.0. Work reported in Paterson (1978) indicates that a 3% increase in unconfined compressive strength resulted from decreasing the L:D from 2.5 to 2.0 in Westerly granite. The same strength-versus-L:D relationship is not necessarily expected in tuff, but the work reported in Paterson (1978) is cited to prn-ide an indication of the magnitude of the effect. The increase in observed strengths is approximately 21%, so the effect of different L:D ratios is considered minor. Differences in results of validation tests on aluminum could account for approximately a 4-8% difference in Poisson's ratio. Moisture contents for DST specimens were all less than 1%. Two of the SHT specimens were saturated and the remainder were tested "as is," similar to the DST tests. The differences in properties between the DST and SHT, and a possible systematic change in Young's modulus with increasing distance from the connecting drift as shown by the DST data, may be indicative of spatial variability within Alcove 5. For comparison, drillhole data are summarized in Table 5 (DOE, 1996). Compared to the drillhole data, Young's moduli for the DST area appear high, while Poisson's ratios and unconfined compressive strengths for the SHT area appear low.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5130197 Page 15 of 26 Section a-a' a' a U0 HDFR1 37.4 Connecting Drift 34.5 40.0 31.6 MPBX1 36.2 39.3 (39.1 f 38.2 2.5) GPa 0 38.5 43.1 MPBX2: E (37.6 * 2.3) GPa I 37.8 40.2 MPBX3; 35A 34.5 o 3 5 H D F HDFR1:E R 1 GE 37.8 (33.0 * 3.6) GPa 3.8 28.9 Original Location of Test Specimens (values are in units of GPa) 1R141738. Figure 8. View of DST area showing individual determinations of Young's moduli; average Young's modulus for each borehole. S is the
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 16 of 26 as Section a-a' - 0 HDFR1 0.20 Connecting Drift I I 0.34 0.19 0.17 MPBX1: V (0.20 t 0.02) CI) 0 0.22 a 0.19 0.19 MPBX2:V (0.19 a co 0.19 0.17 019 0.21 0.18 CD 0.01) 0 0.20 HDFR1: v (0.22 0.08) MPBX3: V (0.19 * 0.03) I 0.18 0.22 0.18 * Oniginal Location of Test Specimens (vakues are unitless) TRI-17-37-0 Figure 9. View of DST area showing individual determinations of Poisson's ratios; v is the average Poisson's ratio for each borehole.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 17 of 26 a' O HDFRI Section a-a' 0) 268 Connecting Drift 123 176 159 o MPBX1: a (165:t 80) MPa 97 0r a 114 233 201 179 MPBX2: af (175*t 108) MPa co 0 0* 0, a, a, , 324 71 128 HDFR1: Af (182 * 62) MPa 178 MPBX3: bt (190*: 43) MPa 239 159 172 * Original Location of Test Specimens (values are In units of MPa) TRI4117-38 Figure 10. View of DST area showing individual determinations of unconfined compressive strength; of is the average stress at failure for each borehole.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 18 of 26 4 . l *DST: Mean 36.8 3.5 GPa 3SHT: Mean 32.4 2.9 GPa 3 . I 4 u) 4- w w 0 i 2 i i E I i I z 1 - I I i i I n I I - 25-26 27-28 . 29-30 R 31-32 1 33-34 35-36 37-38 39-40 41-42 43-44 Young's Modulus (GPa) Figure 11. Distribution of Young's modulus values for DST and SHT areas. 8 * DST: Mean 0.20 0.04 SHT: Mean- 0.17 tO.02 6 u) -0 w I- (D 4 E z 2 I I 6 i i I i I I i O I 0.15-0.16 0.17-0.18 0.19-020 021-0.22 023-024 025-026 027-0.28 029-0.30 0.31-0.32 0.33-0.34 Poisson's Ratio Figure 12. Distribution of Poisson's ratios for DST and SHT areas.
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 19 of 26 l I DST: Mean 176 66 MPa I1SHT: Mean 143 *50 MPaI qa E z l 80 75 7 D0 TO. T& T5 to UOF 15 17200 200e 225 225250 250275 27 300 300. 325 Peak Stress (MPa) Figure 13. Distribution of unconfined compressive strengths for DST and SHT areas. Table 4. Comparison of Mechanical Data from Single Heater and Drift Scale Test Areas Test Region Young's Modulus (GPa) Mean SHT DST 32.4 36.8 Difference 13% Standard Poisson's Ratio No. of Tests Mean Deviation 2.9 3.5 22 16 0.17 0.20 16% Unconfined Compressive S A>h (MPa) Standard No. of Deviation Tests 0.02 0.04 22 16 Mean No. of Tests 50.3 65.8 22 16 1432 176.4 21% Standard Deviation Table 5. Summary of Drillhole Mechanical Properties Data for Tptpmn Drillhole Young's Modulus (GPa) Poisson's Ratio Unconfined Compressive Streogth Mean Standard No. of I Deviation Mean Standard No. of Deviation Tests 0.20 0.19 0.06 0.03 8 8 Mean pla) Standard No. of Deviation Tests 173.3 193.0 99.4 55.7 8 8 NRG-5 NRG-6 32.5 10.8 32.1 3.0 Tests 8 8 NRG-7/7A 33.2 4.2 19 0.22 0.03 19 192.1 51.1 9 SD-9 SD-12 All Drillholes 32.8 34.3 32.9 5.1 2.0 5.5 15 4 54 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.02 0.01 0.03 15 4 54 189.1 195.8 187.5 64.8 3.5 64.9 7 2 34
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5/30/97 Page 20 of 26 4.3 F
Unconfined Compression Tests on Specimens from the Drift Scale Test Area 5130/97 Page 7 of 26 3. Test Methods 3.1 Instrumentation The specimen assembly is illustrated in Figure 4. The specimen was placed in a flexible jacket to maintain constant moisture content during testing and to contain the specimen fragments during failure.
needed for unconfined compression lest samples cannot be met. . consist of granular and columnar crystals, which to perform uniaxial unconfined compression tests can vary in width, length and structure with ice in the field, Kovacs (1978) explored the feasibility sheetdepth. Mostnaturaliceisheterogeneous and of using a simple lightweight .
and Unconfined Compression (UC) testing by Christensen and Bonaquist (2002). UC testing is one of the most common and simple tests that can be carried out with minimum laboratory facilities to determine the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of cohesive
The unconfined compression stress of each compr mixture was determined at different ages. specimens of all the mixtures were cured by immersing in fresh water basin and were tested after 3,7 and 28 days. Figure (4) displays the value of unconfined compressive strength for mixtures against time. Figure (4) Unconfined compression test results
Table2. Unconfined compression test data of soil samples. Soil sample number category Undisturbed soil unconfined compressive strength /kPa The remoulded unconfined compressive strength sensitivitys 14# Unsaturated soil sample 28.25 9.51 2.97 21# Unsaturated soil sample 25.67 9.98 2.57 B区 Unsaturated soil sample 21.36 7.54 2.83
2.4. Unconfined Compression Tests The unconfined compression test achieved according to ASTM D 2166-72 for 150 specimens. The effects of cement dust con-tent, and curing ages (1, 4, 7, 30, 60, and 90 days) on the un-confined compressive strength of the two cohesive soils were considered. Soil specimens, with and without treatment, were
o ASTM C648 - 10 Specimens, each at 12mm, 20mm and 30mm thickness o ASTM C1026 - 5 Specimens o ASTM C531 - 5 Specimens N. Antracite Satin o ASTM E136 - 5 Specimens, B. Polare Satin o ASTM C1353 - 4 Specimens, o B. Assoluto Satin o ASTM C609 / G155 - 6 Specimens, G. Piombo Satin o ASTM C609 / G155 - 6 Specimens,
The unconfined compression strength test is used to measure the shearing resistance of cohesive soils which may be undisturbed or remolded specimens. An axial load is applied using either strain-control or stress-control condition. The unconfined compressive strength is defined as the maximum unit stress obtained within the first 20% strain.
Description Logic: A Formal Foundation for Ontology Languages and Tools Ian Horrocks Information Systems Group Oxford University Computing Laboratory Part 1: Languages . Contents Motivation Brief review of (first order) logic Description Logics as fragments of FOL Description Logic syntax and semantics Brief review of relevant complexity .
