16.00 Aerodynamics Lecture
16.00 Aerodynamics LectureProf. Annalisa L. Weigel10 February 2004
Lecture outlineqqMotivationLift Balloons – buoyancy and Archimedes Airplanes – airfoils and BernoulliqDrag Profile drag Induced dragqEffects of airfoil geometry on lift and drag10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture2
What is Aerodynamics?q“A branch of dynamics that deals with themotion of air and other gaseous fluids, andwith the forces acting on bodies in motionrelative to such fluids” – Webster’sDictionary10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture3
Let’s discuss qqWhat does “aerodynamic” mean to you?In what other areas or products besidesairplanes does aerodynamics matter?10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture4
Aerodynamics mattersSource: LexusSource: BoeingSource:Land andWater Fundof theRockiesSource: lancearmstrong.comSource: Japan-Guide.comSource: Gold Racing10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics LectureSource:Personalizedgolfballs.com5
Lift and BalloonsqqBuoyancy is easiest way of generating liftArchimedes principle Difference in pressure on surface of a body volume displaced Weight of fluid displaced buoyant forceqNet force Fnet rgVqStatic equilibrium mpayload (r – rint)V10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture6
Ballooning on Mars?qqWe want to design a balloon to carry a 2kg payload on Mars. What gas should weuse in the balloon, and how big does theballoon have to be?Helpful links: http://www.members.axion.net/ enrique/density.html http://www.flyers.org/simulators/atmospheric.htm10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture7
Airfoil terminologySource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture8
Aspect ratioqAspect ratio b2 / S, where b is span; S iswing area For rectangular wing, AR b/cqFor a table of aspects ratios for differentvehicles, check outhttp://www.aerodyn.org/Wings/artables.html10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture9
Comparing aspect ratiosSource: 8629/f14.htmSource: BoeingSource: HowStuffWorks.comSource: Concordesst.com10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture10
FoilSimqqNASA software you will use in yourhomework e/foil2.html10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture11
Lift and drag on airplanesqLift and drag are mechanical forcesgenerated on the surface of an object as itinteracts with a fluidSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture12
What is lift?qLift is the force that holds an aircraft in theair L (Pl – Pu)SqCoefficient of lift: empirical nondimensionalparameter for easier evaluation of lift CL L / (1/2 rn2S) q dynamic pressure 1/2 rn2 Substituting in q, L qSCL10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture13
Bernoulli and pitot tubesqSimple form of Bernoulli’s equation P 1/2 rn2 P0qBasis of pitot tube, which measuresairplane velocity v 2((P0 – P)/r)Source: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture14
What do pitot tubes look like?10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture15
What is drag?qqqqAerodynamic force that opposes anaircraft’s motion through the air, caused byinteraction and contact of a solid body witha fluidAerodynamic frictionAerodynamic resistance to motionDepends on wing shape, angle of attack,effects of air viscosity and compressibility10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture16
Profile dragqqRelated to viscous effects of flow overlifting surfaceAlso called “form drag” due to separationof boundary layer around the object’s formSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture17
Profile drag (cont.)qDimples greater skinfriction drag greaterdistance toseparationof flow lower profiledragSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture18
Induced dragqqqArises from 3-dimensional effects of awing caused by downwash velocity nearwing tipVortices create a downward velocitycomponent at the wingNon-dimensional coefficient of induceddrag: CDI CL2 / !eAR10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture19
Induced dragSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture20
Total dragqTotal drag profile drag induced dragqCoefficient of total drag CDTOTAL CD0 CL2 / !eAR10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture21
Class exerciseqqqqYou and your partner are Senior AerodynamicsConsultants at BlueSky Enterprises. Yourclients have challenged you to apply yourextensive aerodynamics expertise to design aninnovation for an existing product or service ofyour choosing.They want your answer in 10 minutes.Prepare a 1-minute pitch on your productinnovation to present to the clients.Caveat: You can’t pick any of the aerodynamicsapplication areas we discussed earlier! Becreative.10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture22
Effects of camberDrag Polar CurveLift CurveSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture23
Effect of skin friction dragLift CurveDrag CurveSource: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design10 February 200416.00 Aerodynamics Lecture24
10 February 2004 16.00 Aerodynamics Lecture 17 Profile drag qRelated to viscous effects of flow over lifting surface qAlso called “form drag” due to separation of boundary layer around the object’s form Source: Newman, Dava J., Inte
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Aerodynamics is the study of the dynamics of gases, or the interaction between moving object and atmosphere causing an airflow around a body. As first a movement of a body (ship) in a water was studies, it is not a surprise that some aviation terms are the same as naval ones rudder, water line, –File Size: 942KBPage Count: 16Explore furtherIntroduction to Aerodynamics - Aerospace Lectures for .www.aerospacelectures.comBeginner's Guide to Aerodynamicswww.grc.nasa.govA basic introduction to aerodynamics - SlideSharewww.slideshare.netBASIC AERODYNAMICS - MilitaryNewbie.comwww.militarynewbie.comBasic aerodynamics - [PPT Powerpoint] - VDOCUMENTSvdocuments.netRecommended to you b
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Partial Di erential Equations MSO-203-B T. Muthukumar tmk@iitk.ac.in November 14, 2019 T. Muthukumar tmk@iitk.ac.in Partial Di erential EquationsMSO-203-B November 14, 2019 1/193 1 First Week Lecture One Lecture Two Lecture Three Lecture Four 2 Second Week Lecture Five Lecture Six 3 Third Week Lecture Seven Lecture Eight 4 Fourth Week Lecture .
