Scan Team Report NCHRP Project 20 68A, Scan 09 04 Leading .
Scan Team ReportNCHRP Project 20 68A, Scan 09 04Leading Practices forMotorcyclist SafetySupported by theNational Cooperative Highway Research ProgramSeptember 2011The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 20 68A U.S. Domestic Scan,National Cooperative Highway Research Program.SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway ResearchProgram, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, or The National Academies.
AcknowledgmentsThe work described in this document was conducted as part of NCHRP Project 20-68A, theU.S. Domestic Scan program. This program was requested by the American Association ofState Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), with funding provided through theNational Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). The NCHRP is supported byannual voluntary contributions from the state departments of transportation. Additionalsupport for selected scans is provided by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration andother agencies.The purpose of each scan and of Project 20-68A as a whole is to accelerate beneficialinnovation by facilitating information sharing and technology exchange among the statesand other transportation agencies, and identifying actionable items of common interest.Experience has shown that personal contact with new ideas and their application is aparticularly valuable means for such sharing and exchange. A scan entails peer-to-peerdiscussions between practitioners who have implemented new practices and others who areable to disseminate knowledge of these new practices and their possible benefits to a broadaudience of other users. Each scan addresses a single technical topic selected by AASHTOand the NCHRP 20-68A Project Panel. Further information on the NCHRP 20-68A U.S.Domestic Scan program is available y.asp?ProjectID 1570.This report was prepared by the scan team for Scan 09-04, Best Practices in SuccessfulStrategies for Motorcyclist Safety, whose members are listed below. Scan planning andlogistics are managed by Arora and Associates, P.C.; Harry Capers is the PrincipalInvestigator. NCHRP Project 20-68A is guided by a technical project panel and managed byAndrew C. Lemer, PhD, NCHRP Senior Program Officer.Richard G. Schaffer, FHWA Co-ChairDennis W. Heuer, AASHTO Co-Chair, Virginia DOTFrances D. Bents, Subject Matter Expert, WestatJoseph A. Foglietta III, PE, New York State DOTDavid C. Wieder, PE, Colorado DOTMichael J. Jordan, National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationPradeep Tiwari, PE, PTOE, Arizona DOTL E A D I N G P R AC T I C E S F O R M OTO R CYC L I ST SA F E T Y
DisclaimerThe information in this document was taken directly from the submission of the authors.The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the scan team and are notnecessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or theprogram sponsors. This document has not been edited by the Transportation Research Board.
Scan 09-04Leading Practices forMotorcyclist SafetyREQUESTED BY THEAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsP R E PA R E D B YRichard G. Schaffer,FHWA Co-ChairDavid C. Wieder, PE,Colorado DOTDennis W. Heuer,AASHTO Co-Chair, Virginia DOTMichael J. Jordan,National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFrances D. Bents,Subject Matter Expert, WestatPradeep Tiwari, P.E, PTOE,Arizona DOTJoseph A. Foglietta III, PE,New York State DOTS C A N M A N AG E M E N TArora and Associates, P.C.Lawrenceville, NJSeptember 2011The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 20 68A U.S. Domestic Scan,National Cooperative Highway Research Program.SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway ResearchProgram, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, or The National Academies.L E A D I N G P R AC T I C E S F O R M OTO R CYC L I ST SA F E T Y6
Table of ContentsAbbreviations and Acronyms. VExecutive Summary. ES-1Summary of Findings.ES-11.0 Background. 1-1Introduction. 1-1Purpose. 1-2Report Organization. 1-3Scan Team Members. 1-3Issues of Interest. 1-4Travel Itinerary. 1-5Host Delegations. 1-52.0 Infrastructure Improvements. 2-1Infrastructure Issues and Mitigation Approaches. 2-1Drainage and Shoulders. 2-1Communication of Road Conditions. 2-2Pavement Conditions. 2-3Traffic Control Devices. 2-4Road Maintenance Crew Training. 2-6Motorcycle Rider Advocacy Group Concerns. 2-63.0 Event and Travel Planning. 3-1Florida.3-1South Dakota .3-3Wisconsin.3-64.0 Data Collection and Analysis. 4-1Florida.4-2Maryland.4-35.0 Coordination and Outreach. 5-1Events. 5-1South Dakota. 5-1Florida. 5-2Maryland. 5-2L E A D I N G P R AC T I C E S F O R M OTO R CYC L I ST SA F E T YI
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T SWisconsin. 5-2Infrastructure. 5-3Wisconsin. 5-3Florida. 5-3Maryland. 5-3Behavior. 5-4Wisconsin.5-4Maryland. 5-4Wisconsin. 5-46.0 Advocacy. 6-17.0 Recommendations and Implementation Plan.7-1Recommendations. 7-1Create Motorcycle Safety Coalitions. 7-1Communicate Roadway Condition Information. . 7-1Improve Data Collection Technologies and Practices. . 7-1Share Successful State Strategies with Local Agencies. 7-1Share Safety Practices and Materials. 7-2Establish Standards to Improve Traction on Slippery Surfaces. 7-2Revise the MUTCD to Recommend Motorcycle Placard Use.7-2Implementation.7-2List of AppendicesAppendix A: Amplifying Questions. A-1Appendix B: Scan Team Contact Information. B-1Appendix C: Scan Team Biographical Sketches. C-1Appendix D: Itinerary and Meeting Schedule. D-1Appendix E: Host Agency Key Contacts. E-1Appendix F: Colorado Milling Specification. F-1Appendix G: References and Additional Internet Resources. G-1II
List of FiguresFigure 1.1Scan team members (left to right): Narendra Khambhati (Arora andAssociates), Pradeep Tiwari, Dick Schaffer, Joseph Foglietta, David Wieder,Fran Bents, and Michael Jordan (not shown: Dennis Heuer). 1-3Figure 2.1Advance notice of changed conditions. This message alternates with“BE PREPARED TO STOP” (photo courtesy of Doug Kinniburgh). 2-2Figure 2.2MUTCD-approved motorcycle placard.2-2Figure 2.3Portable traffic signals in Sturgis, South Dakota (photo courtesy ofDoug Kinniburgh). 2-3Figure 2.4Excess sealant (“tar snakes”) reduces surface friction (photo courtesyof Fran Bents). 2-4Figure 2.5Application of high-friction materials in a Wisconsin roundabout. 2-5Figure 3.1Exemplar safety poster developed by Florida’s Motorcycle Safety Coalition. 3-3Figure 3.2Speed reminders. 3-4Figure 3.3This message alternates with “TIGHT CURVES AHEAD”. 3-4Figure 3.4Approaching multiple venues. This message alternates with“ROCK N REV LEFT AT NEXT LIGHT”.3-5Figure 3.5Temporary “candlestick” entrance control and lane delineation for aSturgis motorcycle venue (photo courtesy of Doug Kinniburgh).3-5Figure 3.6Temporary traffic signals in Sturgis, South Dakota (photo courtesyof Doug Kinniburgh). 3-5Figure 3.7An aerial view of a beach music venue at a recent Milwaukee Rally. 3-6Figure 3.8Temporary venue destination signs trail blaze for out-of-state riders. 3-6Figure 3.9Permanent variable message signs alert riders to expected destinations. 3-6Figure 3.10 Temporary variable message signs are strategically placed to directspecific riders to the correct exit. 3-6Figure 3.11 Local roads are closed or made “motorcycle only” to facilitate the flowof rally goers and viewers.3-7Figure 4.1Motorcycle crash data are collected in varying degrees of detail. 4-1Figure 5.1Sturgis, South Dakota, command center.5-1Figure 5.2Florida Motorcycle Strategic Safety Plan.5-2Figure 5.3Wisconsin’s THE REF mobile motorcycle training center.5-4Figure 6.1Riders traveling to planned events (photo courtesy of Doug Kinnibaugh).6-1L E A D I N G P R AC T I C E S F O R M OTO R CYC L I ST SA F E T YIII
L I S T O F TA B L E SList of TablesTable 1.1 Motorcyclists killed in crashes over the last 14 years. 1-1Table 3.1 Florida motorcycle and car registration trends (indexed to 1991 1). 3-1Table 3.2 Percent of motorcycle fatalities to all vehicle crash fatalities by year.3-2Table 3.3 Traffic counts for Sturgis Rally week. 3-4Table 4.1 Speed difference (average) versus injury severity in Floridamotorcycle-involved crashes, 2002–2008. 4-3IV
Abbreviations and AcronymsAASHTOAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsABATEAmerican Bikers Aimed Toward EducationAMAAmerican Motorcyclist AssociationCUTRCenter for Urban Transportation Research (Florida)DOTDepartment of TransportationEMSEmergency Medical ServicesFHWAFederal Highway AdministrationMICMotorcycle Industry CouncilMRFMotorcycle Riders FoundationMSCMotorcycle Safety CoalitionMSFMotorcycle Safety FoundationMSSPMotorcycle Strategic Safety PlanMUTCDManual on Uniform Traffic Control DevicesNHTSANational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationPEProfessional EngineerPTOEProfessional Traffic Operations EngineerNCHRPNational Cooperative Highway Research ProgramSAFETEA-LUSafe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation EquityAct: A Legacy for UsersVMTVehicle Miles TraveledL E A D I N G P R AC T I C E S F O R M OTO R CYC L I ST SA F E T YV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive SummaryIn March and April 2011, a team of transportation professionals with expertise in highwaydesign, maintenance, data collection and analysis, and motorcyclist safety issues helddiscussions with representatives from five states, four motorcycle rider advocacy groups,and one manufacturer on infrastructure issues relating to enhancing motorcyclist safety.The scan team focused on infrastructure, event management and travel planning, data collectionand analysis, and communication and coordination as topics for discussion. The scan team chosespecific states and organizations because of their innovative approaches to enhancing motorcyclistsafety and their unique circumstances in hosting major riding events. The team invited motorcyclerider advocacy groups to participate because of their unique interests in promoting rider safety.The scan team traveled to Florida, Maryland, and Wisconsin. In addition to officials fromvarious organizations in these states, the team met with representatives from South Dakota,Idaho, and the American Motorcyclist Association, the Motorcycle Safety Foundation,the Motorcycle Industry Council, and the Motorcycle Riders Foundation, as well as withindividuals from Harley-Davidson USA, and American Bikers Aimed Toward Education(ABATE) of Florida Inc.Summary of FindingsThe scan team gathered information on a broad array of topics and identified some effectivepractices that could be adopted at the state, city, and county levels. The team reviewedspecific approaches to planning, design, operations, maintenance, and communications. Theseapproaches are described in this report.The team strongly endorses the concept of a motorcycle safety coalition in each state, with amembership representative of all stakeholders in the state. The coalitions provide perspectiveon the unique riding and handling characteristics of motorized two- and three-wheeledvehicles that are affected by roadway design, construction, and maintenance practices. Themost effective coalitions serve as advisory bodies to heads of transportation departments.Formal business plans and frequent, regularly scheduled meetings provide opportunities fortimely feedback on current and emerging safety issues. These advisory groups are effectivein raising awareness of motorcycling issues among transportation officials, engineering andmaintenance personnel, and the traveling public.The states included in this domestic scan have adopted practices and protocols for highwaydesign, construction, operations, and maintenance that are intended to enhance motorcyclingsafety. In addition, some of the states have created targeted programs to promote safety atlarge-scale annual rallies and at popular, but challenging, riding locations. The impetus formany of these programs was the growing awareness of the rising number of motorcyclistfatalities. Riding enthusiasts have increased the awareness of transportation professionalsB E ST P R AC T I C E S I N A D D R E SS I N G N P D E S A N D OT H E R WAT E R Q UA L I T Y I SS U E S I N H I G H WAY SYST E M M A N AG E M E N TES-1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYand other stakeholders of the motorcycle’s unique operating parameters.Discussions with motorcycle rider advocacy groups reinforced the importance of addressingspecific infrastructure conditions and standard practices. The advocates represented those whomay be significantly affected by roadway design and conditions.The scan team organized its inquiries around a list of amplifying questions that focused oninfrastructure, travel planning and event management, data collection, and communicationand outreach, but also touched on behavioral, safety, and lega
The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 20 68A U.S. Domestic Scan, National Cooperative Highway Research Program. SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, or The National Academies.
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Dissemination of NCHRP Domestic Scan 14-01: Leading Management Practices in Determining Funding Levels for Maintenance and Preservation. This task was proposed in support of the dissemination activities developed by the scan team that participated in Domestic Scan 14-01, Leading Management Practices
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