Appendix B. Literature Reviews - Cardiff University
Homes of today for tomorrow: Decarbonising Welsh Housing between 2020 and 2050appendix B.literaturereviewsEd Green, Simon Lannon, Jo Patterson, Fabrizio VarialeWelsh School of ArchitectureIssued: 21 September 2018 revision: B
LR01Retrofit for the Future: aguide to making retrofitwork2014LR02Retrofit for the Future:carbon emissionsinfographic2014LR03Energy Efficiency inWales: A strategy for thenext 10 years 2016–20262016LR04NATIONAL ENERGYEFFICIENCY DATAFRAMEWORK:Summary of analysisusing the NationalEnergy Efficiency DataFramework (NEED)The Future of Gas: Howgas can support a lowcarbon future2017LR06Sustainabletechnologies: Theexperience of housingassociations2015LR07NATIONAL ENERGYEFFICIENCY DATAFRAMEWORK:2017LR052018Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y This guide examines 40 homes from theRetrofit for the Future programme, a 17m programme funded by TSB, whichexplored how existing homes can beimproved to use less energy, cut carbonemissions and save costs.YSummarises the work of the TSBRetrofit for the Future programme, as itimpacts on carbon emissions. “Byretrofitting homes, carbon emissions canbe reduced dramatically ” A shortsummary is provided of overall deliveredimpact on carbon emissions of theRetrofit for the Future programme (24case study projects)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y We want to ensure that Wales is in thebest possible position to realise its fullenergy efficiency potential and becomea major exporter of energy efficiencytechnology and know-how.Y Y YFrom stock analysis of 4 million homesthat represent the stock of England andWales gives: Loft insulation saves 4%;cavity wall saves 9.5%; solid wall saves14%; new boiler saves 9%; PVs Save10%YYY YYYYCurrently 80% of the UK’s 26 millionhomes use gas for heat32, and this isresponsible for over a quarter of currentUK carbon emissions. 80% of currenthousing stock will still be in use in205033. If decarbonisation of heat is tobe successful, around 20,000 homes perweek for the 25 years from 2025 to 2050will need to move to a low carbon heatsource. That will need considerablecoordination and communication,commitment of resource, a reliablesupply chain and willingness of the endconsumer to change. National EnergyAction recently highlighted that thedecarbonisation of heat could put anadditional 2.6m homes into fuel poverty.However, it will probably not be easy topersuade consumers to actively pursuea low carbon alternative to gas heatingwhich is significantly more expensive,disruptive and potentially less effective.Y Y Y The social housing sector, workinggenerally to more stringent Code levels,has led the way in the use of sustainabletechnologies. Because of theirownership and management ofsignificant portfolios of high-Code-levelsustainable homes, they have been in aposition to gain experience of theinstallation, performance and residentsatisfaction with the varioustechnologiesBuilding regs standards since 1985
Summary of BuildingRegulationsLR08UK Fuel Poverty Monitor2016 - 20172017YYLR09Technical options andstrategies forDecarbonizing UKhousing2007Y Y Y YLR10Bryson Energy RetrofitScheme – Whole HouseSolutions2014YY Y YThe fuel poverty monitor report isproduced annually, to tack progress andactivity to tackle fuel poverty, and tocompare progress across the fournations over time. The report identifiesthe importance of a UK-wide strategy “tomeet fuel poverty commitments acrossthe UK and more generally improve ourunhealthy and inefficient housing stock.”“This year’s report has a special focuson the impact living in cold, dampconditions has on the most vulnerablemembers of our society. We note themost at-risk groups continue to betypically older people, children and thosewith existing long-term illnesses. WhilstUK-wide statistics for fuel poverty are nolonger produced5 by the UKGovernment, the last year that they werepublished in 2015 highlighted that thereare over 3.5 million vulnerablehouseholds who are unable to heat andpower their homes adequately acrossthe UK; an increase of 500,000compared to the previous year.”This paper explores the implications ofsome technical options fordecarbonizing the UK domestic sector."The main focus is on interactionsbetween dwellings and the energysupply and conversion systems thatsupport them, rather than on the detail ofthe dwelling stock. Synergies betweenthe electricity supply system,intermediate energy-conversion systemsand the dwelling envelope make itpossible to achieve 60–70% reductionsin CO2 emissions with plausiblecombinations of existing and/oremerging technologies.”Y This report presents the results of theimpact assessment of the “whole house”retrofit scheme by Bryson Energy. Thescheme involved 100 houses in westareas of Northern Ireland particularlyafflicted by fuel poverty. The schemewas used to test the delivery of “wholehouse” solutions to properties which hadalready been partially retrofitted throughWarm Homes scheme (with walls andloft insulation and solar panels).Additional solutions delivered by theBryson Energy scheme comprised newboilers and heating controls. The impactassessment included three surveys and6 case studies. The overall impact of thescheme was very positive, as itimproved energy performance andoccupant’s comfort while reducingenergy expenses.
LR11Whole housesolutions –transforming NorthernIreland's domesticenergy efficiencylandscape2014YLR12Welsh GovernmentWarm Homes ArbedEU, Final Report(Ricardo 2017,Arbed2)2017Y YY YLR13Designing an ‘optimal’domestic retrofitprogramme.2017YYLR14Exploring thecomplexities of energyretrofit in mixed tenuresocial housing: a casestudy from England,UK2018 YYLR15Warmer and greener:a guide to the future2016YYYThis report outlines the case that can bemade in Northern Ireland (NI) foradopting a new domestic energyefficiency ethos. This would be centredon whole house solutions, with retrofitcompleted as a single programme ofworks, and encompassing both state ofthe art technical innovations and wraparound customer advice and support.Y Y This report evaluates the Arbed2 retrofitscheme of Welsh Government bydetailing the outcomes of three surveysconducted by Ricardo AEA (coveringabout 10% of retrofitted properties): A survey to investigate householdersatisfaction with the measures installedand their impacts on the household; A technical survey to evaluate thequality and appropriateness of measures A follow-up survey to evaluate theimpact of the measure on the householdover time.This paper describes the results of thequalitative assessment of the US BetterBuildings Neighbourhood Program(BBNP), which was a large-scaleprogramme to stimulate the privatesector of the energy retrofit market in theUS. The BBNP was initiated and fundedby the Federal US Government but eachState had significant flexibility withregards to its implementation and thedirection of funding.The paper summarises the insights ofthe research into a strategy for asuccessful programme. Comparisonbetween this strategy and the GreenDeal programme allows drawing usefullessons for the UK context.Y The paper describes a large energyretrofit project of five tower blocks byOxford City Council, which houeseboth coucil tenats and privateowners. The attempt of the council torecover a share of the cost of theretrofit works (involving EWI andother measures) from the buildingresidents led to a legal dispute Thiscase is used to discuss aspects ofproperty law, allocation of projectcosts and benefits, and issues ofcommunication, engagement anddecision-making. The paper alsopresents qualitative data gatheredfrom social housing associations toprovide an indication of the extent towhich these issues are affectingenergy retrofits in England.This report sets out a series of policyrecommendations developed by theWestminster Sustainable Business
of domestic energyefficiency policyLR16Design for futureclimate Opportunities foradaptation in the builtenvironment2010Y YYLR17Countdown to LowCarbon Homes2014YYYLR18Building the Future:sector review ofqualifications and thequalification system inConstruction and theBuilt Environment2018YYYForum.“The UK Government’s fuel povertystrategy for England sets a target tobring as many fuel poor homes inEngland as is reasonably practicable upto a minimum Energy PerformanceCertificate (EPC) rating of C by 2030.However, this report argues that currentpolicies will be insufficient to engagewith this target and tackle fuel poverty.This report has also identified a clearshortfall between the Government’stargets on greenhouse gas emissionsand the current policy mix.”This report provides an overview of theopportunities for adaptation to climatechange in the built environment of theUK. It includes background informationon climate projections for the UK andoutlines a series of challenges andsolutions for three areas: Comfort – heating and cooling; Construction – structural stability andresistance to extreme weather events; Water management – conservation,drainage and flooding.“The Countdown to Low Carbon Homesproject (2012-14) was set up toresearch, develop and communicate anintegrated practical delivery approach tocommunity scale retrofit of energyimprovements to buildings, with aparticular focus on homes and deliveryby Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs). ( ) the project partners workedwith households, installers and other keydecision makers involved in domesticretrofit in their communities to gatherevidence on the situation at a local level.This work informed the development ofpractical delivery models for the retrofitof buildings. Severn Wye EnergyAgency developed and trialled a modelthat could be rolled out at a communityscale, linking in with local businesses.As part of the delivery model SevernWye aimed to develop and pilot a loanscheme offering households alternativesources of finance for theirimprovements.”The construction and builtenvironment sector is key to theeconomic development of Wales.Sector review of vocationalqualifications across the constructionand built environment (CBE) sector,consulting about a thousand peopleacross Wales, and identifying shortterm actions that are being taken,and longer term actions that arebeing considered
LR19Lenders project2017LR20Zero CarbonCompendium2011LR21Implications of the UKfield trial of buildingmounted horizontalaxis microwindturbinesEnergy EfficientScotland2010Y2018YLR23Evaluation of aregional retrofitprogramme toupgrade existinghousing stock toreduce carbonemissions, fuelpoverty and supportthe local supply chain2016Y YLR24Energy advice andpromotion supports tocommunity groups(Ireland WG2 COSTSmarter)2016YLR22YY YYYY Y Y YYThe LENDERS project was set up toexamine the link between propertyenergy efficiency and fuel bills, andhow this link could enable homeswith better energy performance todemonstrate lower fuel costs in away that can be passed on as atangible benefit to homebuyers [toexplore a possible lever for energyefficiency improvements in theprivate owner occupier sector].Report provides an internationalperspective of how 15 differentcountries are demonstratingleadership in low carbon technology,culture change, policy developmentand change management. For eachcountry, headline energyconsumption and climatic data hasbeen assembled to provide context.Lessons are learnt across 7 corethematic areas.Wind turbines in urban areas do notproduce the predicted amount ofenergy. The wind speeds aroundbuildings are much lower than inrural areas.Route map to 2040, has a couple ofreally good case studies to provideevidence. Pretty much business asusual“This paper will present anevaluation of a 9.6 million regionalscale retrofit programme fundedunder the Welsh GovernmentsArbed 1 Programme which aimed toreduce fuel poverty, reduce carbonemissions and support the energyefficiency and renewable supplychain and encourage recruitmentand training in the sector. (.) Theevaluation work presents thetechnical, environmental andeconomic impacts of the programmeand demonstrates lessons learnt tohelp improve the implementation ofthe other regional retrofit projectsproviding evidence of the impacts ofa large scale retrofit programme thatare necessary for the deep carbonreductions required in the nearfuture.”This paper gives an overview of theactivity of the Carlow KilkennyEnergy Agency (CKEA) with twoexamples: the RDF LeaderProgramme and the Better Energy
LR25Freedom project2018YLR26Energy EfficientMortgages PilotSchemeImplementations &Product Framework2018YLR27Measuring andmitigating overheatingrisk in solid walldwellings retrofitfittedwith internal wallinsulation2018Y YYYYCommunity programme. It shows therole that community engagementand independent expert support playin fostering renewable and energyefficiency projects.Y “The Freedom Project is seeking tounderstand the potential role ofmulti-vector solutions in thedecarbonisation of domestic heating.Based in Bridgend, South Wales, theproject is investigating theconsumer, network and energysystem implications of hybrid heatingsystem deployments, wheredomestic heating systems have theoption of operating using a standardgas boiler, an air source heat pump(ASHP), or both. The FreedomProject has completed 13 months ofa 27-month project programme. TheProject has installed 75 hybridheating systems in a mix of privateand social housing, with the focusnow on the optimised controlling,monitoring and consumer feedbackthroughout the 2017-18 heatingseason. Once the heating seasonhas concluded the collected data willbe reviewed and analysed with finalreporting due in January 2019.”This report outlines the frameworkdeveloped by the Energy EfficientMortgage Initiative for energyefficient mortgage schemes to beadopted in lending institutions acrossEU countries. The framework is theresult of consultation with financialstakeholders and will be tested in apan-European pilot scheme. Theframework provides three types ofguidelines: implementation principles forlending institutions, building performance assessmentcriteria, valuation guidance and energyefficiency checklist.Y This paper describes a uniqueexperiment set up to investigate theimpact of IWI on overheating UKdwellings and possible mitigationstrategies. Results of theexperiment show that IWI increasedthe indoor temperature of 1-2degrees in comparison to theuninsulated house. A mitigationstrategy consisting of window blinds
LR28Social and healthoutcomes followingupgrades to a nationalhousing standard: amultilevel analysis ofa five-wave repeatedcross-sectionalsurvey.2017Y YYLR29Emergency hospitaladmissionsassociated with a nonrandomised housingintervention meetingnational housingquality standards: alongitudinal datalinkage study Sarah ERodgers,1,2 RowenaBailey,2,3 RhodriJohnson,2 DamonBerridge,2Wouter Poortinga,4Simon Lannon,4Robert Smith,5 RonanA Lyons2Examining domesticretrofit systems andgovernance inHaringey, London.FINAL REPORTFebruary 20162017Y YY2016YSelf-buildcommunities: therationale and2016YLR30LR31and night ventilation was also tested.This strategy minimised the increasein temperature in the insulatedhouse, especially at night.This paper discusses the healthbenefits of house retrofits bypresenting the results of a five-waverepeated cross-sectional survey.This was conducted from 2009 to2016 to evaluate a retrofitprogramme designed to meet theWelsh social housing standard. Theresults of the survey indicate thatmost retrofit measures areassociated with social and healthimprovements, and that the latter areproportionate to the number ofmeasures installed and amountinvested.This paper presents a longitudinalsurvey to assess the impact ontenant health care utilisationfollowing a retrofit programme ofover 8000 Welsh dwellings. Theindicator studied were emergencyhospital admissions forcardiorespiratory conditions andinjuries for residents aged 60 yearsand over.The results show that residents ofretrofitted dwellings were associatedwith up to 39% fewer admissions incomparison to residents of nonretrofitted dwellingsYYY“This research has focussed on theapproaches to retrofit emerging inthe specific context of Haringey,London, with its own particularchallenges and priorities. This reportwill outline the project brief,theoretical approach andmethodology, then the national andlocal priorities surrounding retrofit. Itwill outline the key issues emergingfrom Haringey’s retrofit network andthen assess the strengths andweaknesses of the responses thathave emerged. Finally, the report willpresent a series of suggestions forHaringey’s next phase of retrofit,encompassing its own unique visionand priorities.”"This paper presents an initialexamination of the rationale, motivationsand social experiences of group-build
experiences of groupbuild (Baugruppen)housing developmentin Germany.LR32Rhee-Duverne, S. andBaker, P. 2013.Research into thethermal performanceof traditional brickwalls. EnglishHeritage ResearchReport2013LR33Minewater heating inCaerau2017YYYhousing from Germany, where over halfof all new homes are producedindependently from volume-builddevelopers. The paper aims, firstly, totest the hypothesis that group-builddelivers general ‘community’ benefits;secondly, to contribute to anunderstanding of the processes leadingto successful schemes; and lastly, todemonstrate that by making individualhome-building dependent on thesuccess of a larger group, collectiveinterests can prevail over personalpursuit.”This report discusses two studiesconducted in 2010: In-situ measurement of the U-value ofsolid brick walls in 18 houses in Englandin 2010; Laboratory measurement of thethermal conductivity of three types ofbricks (alike to those used in themonitored houses) at different levels ofmoisture content.The results of the studies show thatconventional estimates of U-values forsolid wall (such as those used byRdSAP) significantly underestimate theperformance of solid walls in comparisonto the measurements in-situ. However,the research also shows that if thephysical properties of the solid wallmaterials are known in detail (followinglaboratory measurements), U-valuecalculations for the solid wall producefigures in accordance with the results ofthe in-situ measurements. Therefore,retrofit measures on solid wall propertiescould be based on more accuratefigures for U-values. Rather than using‘typical’ figures for solid walls, the typesof materials in each wall should beidentified to estimate more accurate UvaluesThis report is part of the WorkingPackage 17 of the FLEXIS project. Itspresents information about theminewater heating scheme in Caerauand the results of a survey on theperspective of the local residents.“The scheme is part of the EnergyTechnology Institute ‘Smart Systemsand Heat’ programme, which is beingdelivered by the Energy SystemsCatapult (ESC). Bridgend CountyBorough Council (BCBC) put out atender for groups with appropriateexpertise to run the project inconjunction with them. A consortium, ledby Cardiff University and includingSwansea and Cardiff MetropolitanUniversities, as well as private
companies, was successful in winningthe bid. Total cost 9.4 million.LR34Each Home Counts2018LR35Residential Retrofit:20 Case Studies2013LR36A review on BuildingRenovation Passport:Potentialities andbarriers on currentinitiatives2018YYY YYYEach Homes Counts has a total of27 recommendations and sets out anew quality and standardsframework for all those operating inthe retrofit sector. This includes thesetting up of: A quality mark againstwhich all those engaged in designand installation of energy efficiencyand renewable energy measures willbe assessed and certified / AConsumer Charter to set out thepositive experience that theconsumer can expect under thequality mark including responsetimes, financial protections andaccess to redress procedures whenthings go wrong / A Code of Conductto set out clear requirements andguidance on how companiesbehave, operate and report in orderto be awarded and hold the qualitymark / Technical Codes of Practiceand Standards for the installation ofhome r
Welsh Government Warm Homes Arbed EU, Final Report (Ricardo 2017, Arbed2) 2017 Y Y Y Y Y Y This report evaluates the Arbed2 retrofit scheme of Welsh Government by detailing the outcomes of three surveys conducted by Ricardo AEA (covering about 10% of retrofitted properties
He faces up to the tragedies that beset her family on arrival in Cardiff from the West Country in . Ceri Mears . CHRISTMAS WITH THE BBC NATIONAL ORCHESTRA AND CHORUS OF WALES Tuesday, December 17, 7pm, St David’s Hall, Cardiff . Blues v Ospreys from the Cardiff Arms Park on Friday, December 20. Live coverage is presented by Ross Harries .
Issue of orders 69 : Publication of misleading information 69 : Attending Committees, etc. 69 : Responsibility 69-71 : APPENDICES : Appendix I : 72-74 Appendix II : 75 Appendix III : 76 Appendix IV-A : 77-78 Appendix IV-B : 79 Appendix VI : 79-80 Appendix VII : 80 Appendix VIII-A : 80-81 Appendix VIII-B : 81-82 Appendix IX : 82-83 Appendix X .
based, whereas Paul and Criado (2020) added more refined cate-gories such as structured theme-based reviews, framework-based reviews, bibliometric reviews, hybrid reviews, conceptual reviews, and meta-analytical reviews to that list, in addition to recommend-ing the criteria for article and journal selection and highlighting the
Appendix G Children's Response Log 45 Appendix H Teacher's Journal 46 Appendix I Thought Tree 47 Appendix J Venn Diagram 48 Appendix K Mind Map 49. Appendix L WEB. 50. Appendix M Time Line. 51. Appendix N KWL. 52. Appendix 0 Life Cycle. 53. Appendix P Parent Social Studies Survey (Form B) 54
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