Weris, KiTxvisa Da AngariSis ATvisebisTvis SaWiro Bazisuri .
avtoris stili daculiaTbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetiTeona Llodiaweris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis saWirobazisuri unarebis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi damimarTeba inteleqtsa da socialur inteleqtTanfsiqologiaSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiurixarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenilisadisertacio naSromisamecniero xelmZRvaneli:fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoriluiza aruTinovaTbilisi2012
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012abstraqtinaSromSi ganxilulia5-dan 8 wlamde asakSiweris, kiTxvisa da angariSisaTvisebisTvis saWiro bazisuri unarebis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi damisimimarTeba inteleqtisa da socialuri inteleqtis donesTan. warmodgeniliakvlevis Sedegebi, romlebic bazisuri unarebis ganviTarebis mxriv teleqtsadasocialurinteleqtTan dadebiT korelaciaze miuTiTebs. Ganxilulia, aseve, avSirikiTxvisunarisganviTarebis donesTan da saskolo akademiur miRwevasTan.kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo 400 bavSvma, aqedan 199 iyo gogona da 201 biWi.kvleva reprezentatuli iyo q. Tbilisis masStabiT, Catarda ramdenime skolasada sabavSvo baRSi. gamoyenebul iqna Semdegi sakvlevi instrumentebi:1. bavSvis ganviTarebis mdgomareobis diagnostikuri Sefasebis skala (Barth. K. Diediagnostische einschätzskalen (DES) zur Beurteilung des Entwicklungsstandes und der Schulfähigkeit.2006.)2. kaufmanis bavSvTa da mozardTa (3-dan 18 wlamde)kognituri unarebisSefasebis batarea (KABC –II; Kaufman Assesment Battery for Children, 2004.);3. socialuri inteleqtis sazomi testi (Guilford, J.P., Test of social Intelligence. 1976).4. kiTxvis unaris Sesafasebeli standartizebuli irebiT.2saganSisemestrulSefasebebTan
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012sarCeviSesavali --------------------------------------------5Tavi I. weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis saWiro bazisuri unarebiszogadi daxasiaTeba -----------------------------71.1. taqtiluri SegrZneba da misi funqcionirebis darRvevebi -------------1.2. kinesTetikuri SegrZneba da misi funcionirebis darRveva -----------1.3. vestibularuli SegrZneba da misi funqcionirebis darRveva ------1012161.4. taqtilur-kinesTetikuri da vestibularuli sistemebis ------ 191.5. vizualuri aRqma da misi funqcionirebis darRveva --------------------- 231.6. smeniTiaRqma da misi funqcionirebis darRveva ------------------------------- 27Tavi II. kiTxvis procesis daxasiaTeba - 302.1. kiTxvis swavlebis Tanamedrove midgomebi ----------------------------------- 34Tavi III. inteleqtis definiciebi da Teoriuli modelebi ------------------------ 353.1. inteleqtis faqtoruli modelebi ------------------------------------------------ 363.2. inteleqtisa da bazisuri unarebis mimarTeba ------------------------------ 42Tavi IV. inteleqtisa da socialuri inteleqtis urTierTmimarTeba -----4.1. socialuri inteleqtis gansazRvreba ----------------------------------------444.2. socialuri inteleqtisa dainteleqtis mimarTeba ------------------464.3. socialuri inteleqti, rogorc kognituri moduli ------------------48444.4. socialuri inteleqti, rogorc pirovnuli niSani --------------------- 514.5. socialuri inteleqti da swavlaSi sirTuleebis mqonebavSvebi ---------------------------------------- 52Tavi V. kvlevis sakiTxis gansazRvra --------------------------------------------- 54Tavi VI. kvlevis SerCeva, meTodebi da procedura -------------------------- 586.1. kvlevis SerCeva ------------------- 606.2. kvlevis meTodebi da procedura ------------------------------------------------ bismaCveneblebi --------------------------------- 683fsiqometruli
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012Tavi VII. Sedegebis aRwera da analizi ------------------------------------------ 697.1. bazisuri unarebis asakobrivi dinamika ----------------------------------------- 697.2. inteleqtis asakobrivi dinamika - 727.3. gansxvavebebi sqesis mixedviT ----- 737.4. bazisuri unarebis mimarTeba inteleqtTan ----------------------------------- 737.5. bazisuri unarebis mimarTeba saskolo akademiurmoswrebasTan ---------------------------------------- 777.6. inteleqtisa dasaskolo akademiuri moswrebis urTierTmimarTeba-797.7. bazisuri unarebis, inteleqtisa da kiTxvis unaris urTierTmimarTeba - 807.8. bazisuri unarebisa da socialuri inteleqtisurTierTmimarTeba ------------------------- 837.9. inteleqtisa da socialuri inteleqtis urTierTmimarTeba ---------- 867.10. bazisuri unarebis Sesafasebeli instrumentisskalebs Soris interkorelacia ---------- 887.11. kaufmanis skalebis interkorelacia ------------------------------------------- 917.12. bazisuri unarebis Sesafasebeli instrumentisnormebi qarTuli populaciisTvis ------- 92Tavi VIII. Sedegebis ganxilva ------------ 93Tavi IX. daskvnebi ----------------------------- 96gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------ 98danarTi ------------------------------------101danarTi ------------------------------------- 109danarTi -------------------------------------- 1204
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012SesavalibavSvebis raodenoba,romlebsac sxvadasxva saxis sirTuleebi eqmnebaTwera-kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebis dros, sakmaod didia. es viTarebaze,ukavSirdebasxvadasxva problemas emociuri Tu socialuri urTierTobis sferoebSi e,sazogadoebaSigansakuTrebulmniSvnelobas iZens amgvari problemebis mqone bavSvebis drouli aRmoCena, is mizniT. Cveni kvlevis erT-erTdaxmarebisstrategiebiscentralur mizans swored wera-kiTxvis aTvisebis sirTuleebis adreuli diagnostirebis instrumentis da.migvaCnia,romamgvariinstrumentis arseboba gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria dRes, rodesac anisazRvradabavSvebsadreul asakSi uwevT sruliad axal formalur garemoSi Sesvla, xSirad kimaTTvis zedmetad rTuli moTxovnebis Sesruleba.vfiqrobT, specialistebisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovania imis codna, rabazisuri unarebi udevs safuZvlad wera-kiTxvis, angariSis aTvisebas, rogoriaam unarebis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi da kavSiri sxvadasxva SemecnebiT Tusocialur unarebTan. am codnis gareSe naklebad efeqtiania rogorc iprogramisnaSromisworedSeqmna,wera-kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis saWiro bazisuri unarebis Taviseburebebis,am unarebis zogad inteleqtTan da socialur inteleqtTan kavSiris kvlevasiTvaliswinebs.naSromi aseve miznad isaxavs bavSvis inteleqtis gasazomi araverbaluritestis fsiqometruli maxasiaTebelebisa da normatiuli maCveneblebis akisbavSvisgonebriviganviTarebis adekvaturi Sefaseba saswavlo programis optimaluri dagegmvis,5
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis 012efeqturiswavlebiserT-erTisawindaria. amave dros, inteleqtis testebi, rogorc zusti iumebsundaakmayofilebdnen.davalebebi gaTvlili unda iyos swored im populaciaze, romlis gonebrivSesaZleblobebsac vzomavT. amrigad, saWiroa rogorc Sesamabisi ismTlianadtestisgansazRvra.Sromisaqtualobasa da mniSvnelobas gansazRvravs is garemoeba, rom CvenTan aSkaradigrZnoba bavSvTa inteleqtissakvlevadgankuTvnili meTodebis nakleboba,miT ufro imgvaris, romelic fsiqometruli TvalsazrisiT Semowmebuli, sandoda validuri iqneba.Sesrulda yvela is samuSao, romelic iTvaliswinebs testis vargisianobisSemowmebas mis gamosayeneblad Sesabamisi asakis qarTvel bavSvebTan. bissaTanadopopulaciaze gavrcelebis uflebas gvaZlevs.naSromSi nacadia iseT konstruqtebs Soris kavSiris Zieba, rogoricaabazisuri unarebi, inteleqti da socialuri inteleqti. aseve ganxilulia amkonstruqtebis wvlili kiTxvis unaris ganviTarebasa da saskolo akademiurmiRwevaSi.6
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012Tavi Iweris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis saWiro bazisuriunarebis zogadi daxasiaTebadaswavlis, ganviTarebisa Tu qcevis darRvevebis kvlevisas gansakuTrebulimniSvneloba eniWeba neirofsiqologiur midgomas, romlis mixedviTac adamianisswavlisa da ganviTarebis procesebs ramdenime bazisuri unaris Seuferxebelifunqcionireba udevs safuZvlad (Luria, 1991; Gaddes, 1991; Graichen, 1979; Ayres 1979;1984). aRniSnuli modelis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia diferencirebulad gaanalizdesara mxolod iseTi kompleqsuri fsiqikuri funqciebi, rogorebicaa mexsiereba,metyveleba, azrovneba da a. S., aramed kiTxvis, werisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvissaWiro bazisuri procesebic. neirofsiqologiuri koncefciis mixedviT, daswavlisda ganviTarebis darRvevebis mizezi calkeuli SegrZnebis modalobis arasakmarisintegraciaSi anu erT sistemad funqcionirebis SeferxebaSi unda veZioT. amgvargagebas ukavSirdeba ,,sensoruli integraciis“ cneba, romelsac j. airesi amgvaradganmartavs: ,,sxvadasxva sensoruli informaciis miRebis da gadamuSavebis procesida Tavis tvinis kompleqsuri funqciebis safuZvelze am informaciis 4).TudavazustebT,sensoruliintegracia esaa Tavis tvinis mier sxvadasxva SegrZnebis receptoridan informaciismiRebis, diferencirebis, Senaxvis, amocnobis, mowesrigebis, dajgufebis procesi,rac aucilebelia garemos moTxovnebze adekvaturi pasuxisTvis. swavlis TuganviTarebis nebismier process safuZvlad udevs sensoruli integracia. weris,kiTxvis Tu angariSis dros bavSvma unda SeZlos sxvadasxva sensoruli konkretulsituaciaSiadekvaturad gamoyeneba. j. airesis mixedviT, taqtiluri, kinesTetikuri davestibularuli SegrZnebebi ganviTarebis sensomotoruli safuZvelia. vizualurida smeniTi SegrZnebis procesebi ki maTzea daSenebuli.ganviTarebisa da informaciis gadamuSavebis axali modelebis safuZvelzegermaniasa da skandinaviis qveynebSi Catarda mravalwliani kvlevebi,7romelTa
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis lebis2012aTvisebisTvissaWirorelevanturi funqciebis gansazRvra, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida momavalSi weris dakiTxvis aTvisebis sirTuleebis prognozirebas (Schneider 1989, 1992; Skowronek, Jansen1992; Mannhaupt 1994). aRniSnuli kvlevebis safuZvelze gamoiyo ganviTarebis Semdegisferoebi:1. lateraloba;2. uxeSi da faqizi motorika;3. taqtilur-kinesTetikuri, vestibularuli, vizualuri da smeniTi aRqma;4. vizualuri da smeniTi mexsiereba;5. impresiuli da eqspresiuli metyveleba;6. sxeulis sqema;7. yuradRebis koncentracia;8. emociuri regulacia;9. socialuri qcevaDdaswavlis nebismieri procesis weris, kiTxvis Tu angariSis dros bavSvmaunda SeZlos sxvadasxva sensoruli arxidan miRebuli informaciis SegviZliagamoyeneba.issensorulisqematurisaxiT
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis xvaazrovnebasmeniTi SegrZnebasmeniTi aRqmaTvalimxedvelobiTi SegrZnebavizualuri aRqmacxviriynosvis SegrZnebasunis aRqmaSedarebakoordinaciaemociaTviTrwmenagemos SegrZnebaenainformaciiswyaro2012gemos aRqmakunTebimyesebiSiga yuridiferenciaciasxeulis moZraobis SegrZneba analizikinesTetikuri aRqmasinTeziwonasworobis SegrZnebavestibularuli aRqmaSevsebaSexebis SegrZnebataqtiluri esper/Hottinger 1994, 39)M f. afolteri ikvlevda angariSis unaris neirofsiqologiur meqanizmebs.misi modelis mixedviT, kulturis specifikisgan damoukideblad, weris, vebuliprocesebineirofsiqologiurifunqcia sxvadasxva doziT iyos datvirTuli (Affolter, 1975, in Milz, Seite 10). cCvenkvlevaSigansakuTrebuli yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli, amitom maT detalurad ganvixilavT.d. vinikotis mixedviT, dedis da bavSvis urTierToba adreul asakSi (deda,romelic bavSvis yvela moTxovnilebas akmayofilebs) SegrZnebis da aciisgadamuSavebisdarRvevamierprocesebs da, amdenad, dakavSirebulia swavlis unaris darRvevebTan lamodalobamWidrodaris
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.2012erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da rogorc erTi mTliani sistema muSaobs, metisicxadisaTvis SesaZlebelia maTi, rogorc calke sistemebis, ganxilva.1.1.taqtiluri SegrZneba da misi funqcionirebis darRvevebitaqtiluri SegrZneba yvelze adreul asakSi, mucladyofnis VIII kviridaniwyebs ganviTarebas da 2,5 wlis asakisTvis ukve Camoyalibebulia. sazRvrebisSesaxebwarmodgenas uyalibebs. is iZleva informacias sagnebis da materiis faqturis,Sedgenilobis, proporciis, wonis da geometriuli formis Sesaxeb. 3,5-dan 4wlamde bavSvebs SeuZliaT sagnebis (makratlis, gasaRebis, savarcxlis) ris, amformebisfigurebsxelisgulze anisocialuridaemocionaluri funqcia aqvs. Cvili dabadebidan pirveli Tveebis ganmavlobaSitaqtiluri SegrZnebiT Seimecnebs samyaros. bavSvi misi daxmarebiT sxvadasxvasaxis SexebisTvis gansazRvruli mniSvnelobis miniWebas swavlobs. taqtiluriSegrZneba emociuri mdgomareobis ganmapirobebeli mniSvnelovani faqtoria is Camosayalibeblad saWiroa Sexebis gamRizianeblebis Sesaxeb zustiinformaciis floba.10
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.1.1.1.2012taqtiluri sistemis funqcionirebis isfiltraciasSesabamisidaamitomtaqtiluri gamRizianeblebi aRiqmeba zedmetad Zlierad. Sedegad, Sexeba bavSvismier ganicdeba rogorc mtkivneuli da usiamovno, garTulebulia Sexebis zustilokalizacia. Aamis gamo xdeba taqtiluri gamRizianeblebis uaryofa – bavSvebigaurbian Sexebas, dedis mxridan sxeulebriv kontaqtzec ki uars amboben.taqtiluri zemgrZnobelobis mqone bavSvebs ar moswonT qviSaSi, stansacmelismimarT,gansakuTrebiT ar moswonT xaoiani zedapiris mqone qsovilebi. xSirad armoswonT aseve saxeze Sexeba (dabana, TmisTaviseburebavlindebaasevesocialurdavarcxna, kbilebis gamoxexva). EessferoSic.bavSvebigaurbianiseTTamaSebs TanatolebTan erTad, sadac Sexebaa saWiro. taqtiluri ebSigarTulebuliasakuTarisxeulis bTankavSirisgamotaqtiluri zemgrZnobelobis mqone bavSvebi SesaZloa aseve xasiaTdebodnenhiperkineziT (motoruli mousvenroba) an gansakuTrebulad mgZnobiareni iyvnenxmauris an sunis vaSitaqtilurigamRizianeblebis Tavis tvinis Sesabamisi ubnebis mxridan zedmetad ifiltrebadaamitom taqtiluri gamRizianeblebi aRiqmeba arasakmarisadintensiurad.gamRizianebeli unda iyos didi intensivobis rom bavSvma aRiqvas is. Ddacemisdros isini tkivilze naklebad reagireben, naklebad mgrZnobiareni arian asevetemperaturis mimarT. banaobisas Tu wyali zedmetad cxeli an civia, isini amasver amCneven. garTuelebulia sakuTari sxeulis SegrZnebac. imisaTvis, rom ukeTSeigrZnon sxeuli xSirad TviTstimulaciasac mimarTaven.11
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis.1.2.2012kinesTetikuri SegrZneba da misi funcionirebis issxeulismdgomareobis da moZraobis SegrZneba. receptorebi, romlebic ganlagebuliaadamianis kunTebSi, myesebsa da saxsrebSi gadascems Tavis tvins informaciassxeulis mdgomareobis cvlilebis, moZraobis mimarTulebis, siCqarisSesaxeb.kinesTetikuri SegrZnebis sistemis amocanebia sxeulis nawilebis erTmaneTis mimarT mdebareobis SegrZneba moZraobis siCqaris da mimarTulebis SegrZneba moZraobis Sesrulebis dros Zalis dozirebis emebissqema.warmodgenabavSvisxeulisagebulebis, misi nawilebis urTierTmimarTebis da moZraobis rZnebismodalobebimWidrodariserTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli. Tu bavSvi kinesTetikur - taqtilurad maSinmisimoZraobebicdifuzuria, xeliT moqnili moZraobebisSesruleba garTulebulia. mas,dasidides,taqtilurizedapirisstruqturas. sicocxlis pirvelive wuTebidan Cvili samyaros ikvlevs piris,xelebiswyalobiT.AamSegrZnebebTan Sedegad uviTardeba mas or an samganzomilebianisagnebis aRqmis unari.Kkargad ganviTarebuli kinesTetikuri SegrZneba aucilebeli winapirobaa: swrafi da moqnili moZraobebis Sesasruleblad (velosipedis tareba,wera); 12SenaxvisadamaTi
weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis. 2012moqmedebebis mizanSewonilad da mizanmimarTulad ganxorcielebis unarisgasaviTareblad; bgerebiwarmoTqvas zustad Tavis tvins unda miewodos informacia saartikulacioaparatis kunTebis zusti moZraobebis Sesaxeb; ulimoZraobebis Sesrulebis unaris gasaviTareblad (motoruli mesxsiereba).taqtilur-kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebis daxmarebiT xdeba asoebis mosaxazadSesasrulebeli motoruli moZraobebis SegrZneba, Senaxva da SesabamisadaRdgena; egrZnebamoZraobebiskontrolisaTvis;kinesTetikuri SegrZneba ganviTarebas iwyebs mucladyofnis me-16 rTTavisgaumjobesebulikoordinaciis, kunTebidan miRebuli informaciis wyalobiT, swavlobs sagnebismizanmimarTulad mopovebas da maTSeswavlas.Tu kinesTetikuri sistema dazianebulia, bavSvs ar aqvs naTeli warmodgenasakuTari sxeulis da misi nawilebis urTierTmdebareobis Sesaxeb. xviliSeTanxmebuliSesrulebisdros,garTulebulia artikulaciac.kinesTetikuri SegrZnebis sistemis funqcionirebis darRvevis dros bavSvebsaReniSnebaT sirTuleebi: rTuli motoruli moZraobebis daswavlis dros (Tasmebis Sekvra,velosipedis tareba, we
3. socialuri inteleqtis sazomi testi (Guilford, J.P., Test of social Intelligence. 1976). . Tavi I. weris, kiTxvisa da angariSis aTvisebisTvis saWiro bazisuri unarebis zogadi daxasiaTeba ----- 7 1.1. taqtiluri SegrZneba da misi funqcionirebis darRvevebi .
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