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Gauss Jordan Method&Inverse of Matrix

3 Variables SLEs in Matrix Forma11x a12y a13z b1a21x a22y a23z b2a31x a32y a33z b3Gauss Jordan Method,Augmented Matrix,π‘Ž11 π‘Ž12 π‘Ž13 π‘₯𝑏1π‘Ž21 π‘Ž22 π‘Ž23 𝑦 𝑏2π‘Ž31 π‘Ž32 π‘Ž33 𝑧𝑏3AR1π‘Ž11 π‘Ž12 π‘Ž13 𝑏1R2𝐴/𝐡 π‘Ž21 π‘Ž22 π‘Ž23 𝑏2R3π‘Ž31 π‘Ž32 π‘Ž33 𝑏31π‘Ž12β€² π‘Ž13β€² 𝑏1β€²R1R1/a11, 𝐴/𝐡 π‘Ž21 π‘Ž22π‘Ž23 𝑏2π‘Ž31 π‘Ž32 π‘Ž33 𝑏3X B

R2R2 – a21R1,𝐴/𝐡 R3R3 – a31R1,𝐴/𝐡 R2R2/a22’,𝐴/𝐡 R3R3 – a32’R2,𝐴/𝐡 1π‘Ž12β€² π‘Ž13β€² 𝑏1β€²0π‘Ž22β€² π‘Ž23β€² 𝑏2β€²π‘Ž31 π‘Ž32 π‘Ž33 𝑏31 π‘Ž12β€² π‘Ž13β€² 𝑏1β€²0 π‘Ž22β€² π‘Ž23β€² 𝑏2β€²0 π‘Ž32β€² π‘Ž33β€² 𝑏3β€²1 π‘Ž12β€² π‘Ž13β€² 𝑏1β€²01π‘Ž23β€²β€² 𝑏2β€²β€²0 π‘Ž32β€² π‘Ž33β€² 𝑏3β€²1 π‘Ž12β€² π‘Ž13β€² 𝑏1β€²01π‘Ž23β€²β€² 𝑏2β€²β€²00π‘Ž33β€²β€² 𝑏3β€²β€²

Case 1 a33’’ 0 Unique SolutionR1R3R1 – a12’R2,R3/a33’’,R1R2R1 – a13’’R3,R2 – a13’’R3,1000 0 π‘₯𝑏1β€²β€²β€²1 0 𝑦 𝑏2β€²β€²β€²0 1 𝑧𝑏3β€²β€²β€²1 0 π‘Ž13β€²β€² 𝑏1′′𝐴/𝐡 0 1 π‘Ž23β€²β€² 𝑏2β€²β€²0 0𝑏3β€²β€²β€²11 0 0 𝑏1′′′𝐴/𝐡 0 1 0 𝑏2β€²β€²β€²0 0 1 𝑏3β€²β€²β€²x b1’’’y b2’’’z b3’’’Case 2 a33’’ 0 b3’’ 0 r(A) 2 & r(A/B) 3 r(A) r(A/B) No SolutionCase 3 a33’’ 0 b3’’ 0 r(A) r(A/B) 2 Infinitely Many Solutions

Example 1 Test the Consistency and Solve the following SLEsusing Gauss Jordan Method if possible:x y z 6x - y 2z 53x y z 81 1 1 π‘₯6In Matrix form SLEs is,AX B1 1 2 𝑦 53 1 1 𝑧81 1 1 6Augmented Matrix, 𝐴/𝐡 1 1 2 53 1 1 8

R2R3R3R21 1 1 6R2 – R1, 𝐴/𝐡 0 2 1 13 1 1 81 161R3 – 3R1, 𝐴/𝐡 0 2 110 2 2 101 116R3 – R2,𝐴/𝐡 0 2 1 10 0 3 9161 1R2/(-2),𝐴/𝐡 0 1 1/2 1/20 0 3 9

r(A) r(A/B) 3 n, Therefore, System is Consistent & It has Unique Solution.R1R3R1 – R2,R3/-3,R1R2R1 – 3/2 R3,R2 Β½ R3,x 11 00 10 01003/2 π‘₯11/2 1/2 𝑦 1/2𝑧130 0 π‘₯11 0 𝑦 20 1 𝑧3y 2z 3Therefore, Solution of the system is unique and it is (x, y , z) (1, 2, 3).

Example 2 Test the Consistency and Solve the following SLEsusing Gauss Jordan Method if possible:3x 2y - 5z 4x y - 2z 15x 3y - 8z 643 2 5 π‘₯In Matrix form SLEs is,AX B1 1 2 𝑦 165 3 8 𝑧3 2 5 4Augmented Matrix, 𝐴/𝐡 1 1 2 15 3 8 6

R1R2R3R21 1 2 1R2,𝐴/𝐡 3 2 5 45 3 8 61 1 2R2 – 3R1,𝐴/𝐡 0 1 15 3 81 1 2R3 – 5R1,𝐴/𝐡 0 1 10 2 21 1 2R2/(-1),𝐴/𝐡 0 1 10 2 21161111 11

R31 1 2 1𝐴/𝐡 0 1 1 10 0 0 1R3 2R2,r(A) 2&r(A/B) 3 r(A) r(A/B)Therefore, System is inconsistent & It has no solution.1001 2 π‘₯11 1 𝑦 10 0 𝑧 1by row (3), 0 z -10 -1 which Is not possibleTherefor, Solution of given SLE is not possible.

Example 3 Test the Consistency and Solve the following SLEsusing Gauss Jordan Method if possible:2x 2y 2z 0-2x 5y 2z 18x y 4z -12 2 2 π‘₯0In Matrix form SLEs is, 2 5 2 𝑦 1AX B8 1 4 𝑧 12 2 2 0Augmented Matrix, 𝐴/𝐡 2 5 218 1 4 1

R1R2R3R31R1/2,𝐴/𝐡 281R2 2R1, 𝐴/𝐡 081R3 – 8R1, 𝐴/𝐡 00R3 R2,1 1 05 2 11 4 11 1 07 4 11 4 1110741 7 4 11 1 1 0𝐴/𝐡 0 7 4 10 0 0 0

R2101 1𝐴/𝐡 0 1 4/7 1/70 000R2/7,r(A) r(A/B) 2 n,Therefore, System is Consistent & It has Infinitely Many Solutions.R1R1 – R2,z k, k Ρ” Ry 4/7 z 1/71 0 3/7 1/7𝐴/𝐡 0 1 4/7 1/70 000πŸπŸ•y (1/7) - (4/7) (z) (1/7) - (4/7) (k) x 3/7 z -1/7 (x, y , z) 𝟏{( πŸ•x πŸ‘πŸπ’Œ,πŸ•πŸ•πŸ πŸ• πŸ’π’Œ,πŸ•πŸ‘π’ŒπŸ•k) / k Ρ” R}.πŸ’π’Œ,πŸ•kΡ”R

Do you think there is a need of newmethod for solving Inverse of a Matrix?1. Yes2. NoVOTE INDIVIDUALLY IN CHAT BOX [30 sec]

Would you like to use Adjoint Method tofind inverse of 4th Order and higher orderMatrix?1. Yes2. NoVOTE INDIVIDUALLY IN CHAT BOX [30 sec]

Inverse of a Matrix by Gauss Jordan MethodThe inverse of an n n matrix A is an n n matrix B having theproperty thatAB BA I[A / I]RREF[I / A-1 ]B is called the inverse of A and is usually denoted by A-1 .If a square matrix has no zero rows in its Row Echelon form orReduced Row Echelon form then inverse of Matrix exists and itis said to be invertible or nonsingular Matrix.If Row Echelon form and Reduced Row Echelon form of Matrixpossess zero row then inverse of Matrix does not exist and theMatrix is said to be singular.One can solve System of Linear Equations AX B if Inverse ofA exists, which yields X A-1 B.

1Example 1 Find the Inverse of Matrix 𝐴 13Gauss Jordan Method if possible.1 1 1 1 0Let Augmented Matrix be, [𝐴/𝐼] 1 1 2 0 13 1 1 0 01 111R2R2 – R1,[𝐴/𝐼] 0 2 1 1R3R3 – 3R1,0 2 2 3R3R2R3 – R2,R2/(-2),1 1[𝐴/𝐼] 0 10 01 1/2 31 1 1 21 1using0010 01 00 11001/2 1/2 0 2 11As given square matrix A has no zero rows in its Row Echelon form orReduced Row Echelon form the inverse of Matrix exists.

1[𝐴/𝐼] 000 3/2 1/21 1/2 1/2012/3R1R3R1 – R2,R3/-3,R1R21 0R1 – 3/2 R3,[𝐴/𝐼] 0 1R2 Β½ R3,0 0 𝐴 11 25 6231/2 1/21/300 1/30 1/200 5/6 1/31 2/31/31/2 1/6 1/310211 3611 33 [I / A-1 ]

Example 2 Solve the following SLEs using Matrix InversionMethod if possible: x y z 61 1 1 π‘₯6x - y 2z 5 OR 1 1 2 𝑦 53x y z 83 1 1 𝑧8AX B1 1 1-1 BX A𝐴 1 1 211 03 1 1 𝐴 111 022511 636211 333 𝑋 221511 65 2 636 83211 333 x 1y 2z 3

2Example 3 Find the Inverse of Matrix 𝐴 28Gauss Jordan Method if possible.2 2 2[𝐴/𝐼] 2 5 28 1 4R2R3R3R22 25 21 41 00 10 0R2 2R1,R3 – 8R1,01 1 10 R1R1/2, [𝐴/𝐼] 2 5 218 1 41 11 1/2 0 0[𝐴/𝐼] 0 7411 00 7 4 4 0 1R3 R2,R2/7,1[𝐴/𝐼] 00111/21 4/7 1/700 301/71using1/200010001As given square matrix A has zero row in its Row Echelon form or ReducedRow Echelon form the inverse of Matrix does not exist.001

1Example 4 Find the Inverse of Matrix 𝐴 22Method if possible.112Let Augmented Matrix be, [𝐴/𝐼] 21R2R3R4R2332534151441100033250100R2 – 2R1,R3 – 2R1,R4 – R1,10[𝐴/𝐼] 003 3 423 2 5212201 2 2 1R2/ –3,10[𝐴/𝐼] 0031 4232/3 521 2/32034150010010012/3 2 114using Gauss Jordan410001001000010 1/30000100001

R1R3R4R3R4R1 – 3R2,R3 4R2,R4 – 2R2,3R3/–7,3R4,R1R2R4R1 – R3,R2 - 2R3/3,R4 – 2R3,R47R4/24,10[𝐴/𝐼] 00010012/3 7/32/310[𝐴/𝐼] 00010012/31210[𝐴/𝐼] 000100001010[𝐴/𝐼] 00010000103 2/3 2/34/33 2/32/74 12/32/3 7/31 1/3 4/32/300100001 12/3 2/7 71 1/34/7200 3/70000319/7 6/72/724/75/76/7 2/7 45/73/7 5/74/76/73/72/7 3/76/7000319/7 6/72/715/76/7 2/7 15/83/7 5/74/72/83/72/7 3/72/80007/8As given square matrix A has no zero rows in its Row Echelon form or Reduced RowEchelon form the inverse of Matrix exists.

R1R2R3R1 – 19R4/7,R2 6R4/7,R3 – 2R4/7,10[𝐴/𝐼] 00010035286 𝐴 1 28815 8 28484 8400100001 35/8 6/82/8 15/8 2/8 4/84/82/8 2/84/8 4/82/8 19/86/8 2/87/819868284 8282 87888351 6 8 2 15 2 442 24 42 196 27 [I / A-1 ]

Next Lecture : All Different Problems ofUnit 1

Inverse of a Matrix by Gauss Jordan Method The inverse of an n n matrix A is an n n matrix B having the property that AB BA I [A / I] [I / A-1] B is called the inverse of A and is usually denoted by A-1. If a square matrix has no zero rows in its Row Echelon form or Reduced Row Echelon fo

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