South African Standard Classification Of Occupations (SASCO)
South AfricanStandardClassificationof Occupations(SASCO)DraftOctober 2003
CONTENTSPagePreface .3Introduction .3Main objectives 4International comparability .4Definitions .5Structure and format 8Key to classification codes .9Description of major and sub-major groups Major group 1: Legislators, senior officials and managers .Major group 2: Professionals Major group 3: Technicians and associate professionals .Majorgroup4:Clerks .Major group 5: Service workers and shop and market sales workers.Major group 6: Skilled agricultural and fishery workers .Majorgroup7:Craft andrelatedtradesworkers .Major group 8: Plant and machine operators and assemblers .Majorgroup9:Elementaryoccupations .Major group 0: Armed forces, occupations unspecified and not elsewhere classified and not economically active persons.Summary of major, sub major, minor and unit group titles .1011131516171820222324Description of detailed occupations:Major group 1: Legislators, senior officials and managers .Major group 2: Professionals Major group 3: Technicians and associate professionals .25772112
Majorgroup4:Clerks .Major group 5: Service workers and shop and market sales workers.Major group 6: Skilled agricultural and fishery workers .Majorgroup7:Craft andrelatedtradesworkers .Major group 8: Plant and machine operators and assemblers .Majorgroup9:Elementaryoccupations .Major group 0: Armed forces, occupations unspecified and not elsewhere classified and not economically active persons.136146152163228263272PREFACEThe purpose of the South African Standard Classification of Occupations (SASCO)publication is to provide a national framework for the identification of occupations and willprovide a basis for international occupational comparability.This publication is the result of collaborative work between Stats SA, several governmentdepartments, private organisations and other stakeholders. It was necessitated by structuralchanges in the South African labour market.SASCO is based on the United Nations’ International Standard Classification of Occupations(ISCO - 88) and will form the basis for all future occupational classification work and revisedas and when necessitated by local or international circumstances.Stats SA wishes to express its thanks to all those who directly or indirectly contributed to thecompletion of the SASCO.INTRODUCTIONThe South African Standard Classification of Occupations (SASCO) serves as a systematicbasis for the classification of data on occupations, obtained by means inter alia, the 2001Population Census and the Labour Force Survey (LFS).3
Occupations contained in this classification manual cover occupations in both the formal andthe informal business sectors so to as fully reflect occupations in the South African labourmarket.MAIN OBJECTIVESThe main objectives are:-to provide a framework for the development of national occupational classifications.-to provide a framework for analysing occupations in the South African labourmarket.-to take account of development and changes within the various occupations.-to provide sound occupational statistics which can be comparable to those producedbyother agencies according to the ISCO.INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITYThis edition of the SASCO was developed using a similar conceptual basis to that of theUnited Nations’ International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88). The ISCOwas developed by the International Labour Office in Geneva with the latest version beingproduced in 1988.4
The main aims of the ISCO are to provide a basis for international comparisons ofoccupational statistics between countries and to provide a conceptual model for thedevelopment of national occupational classifications.ISCO-88 consists of nine major groups, 28 sub-major groups, 116 minor groups and 390unit groups. It includes a separate major group 0 for Armed Forces. In common with theISCO-88, the SASCO, also incorporates the sub-major group as a level of aggregationbetween the major and minor groups.DEFINITIONSDefinitions relate to this publication of the SASCO JobA job is defined as a set of tasks and duties to be performed by oneperson.Major groupA major group is denoted by a one-digit code, and is the broadest levelof the classification. There are nine major groups.Minor groupA minor group is denoted by a three-digit code, and is a sub-division of asub-major group. There are 153 minor groups.OccupationAn occupation is defined as a set of jobs with similar sets of tasks.SkillA skill is defined as the ability to carry out the duties and tasks of aspecific job.Skill levelA skill level is defined as a function of the range and complexity of theset of tasks or duties involved. A skill is measured by means of formaleducation and experience. Four skill levels are defined ·First skill levelThe ISCO identified the first skill level as primary education, whichgenerally begins at the age of five, six or seven and which lasts about fiveyears.According to South African conditions the first skill level entailspersons who received primary education which generally begins at the5
age of six or seven and lasts about seven years.However this skill level might also include persons without any formalprimary education.·Second skill levelThe ISCO defined the second skill level as the first and second stagesof secondary education. The first stage begins at the age of 11 or 12and lasts about three years, while the second stage begins at the ageof 14 or 15 and also lasts about three years. A period of on the jobtraining and experience may be necessary, sometimes formalized inapprenticeships. This period may supplement the formal training orreplace it partly or, in some cases wholly.According to South African conditions the second skill level entailssecondary education which begins at the age of 13 or 14 and lasts aboutfive years.A period of on-the-job-training and experience may benecessary.·Third skill levelThe ISCO defined the third skill level as education which begins at theage of 17 or 18, lasts about four years, and leads to an award notequivalent to a first university degree.According to South African conditions the third skill level is defined aseducation which begins at the age of 17 or 18, lasts about one to fouryears, and leads to an award not equivalent to a first university degree.·Fourth skill levelThe ISCO defined the fourth skill level as education which begins at theage of 18 or 19, lasts about three, four or more years, and leads to auniversity or postgraduate university degree or the equivalent.According to South African conditions the fourth skill level is defined aseducation which begins at the age of 18 or 19, lasts about three, four ormore years, and leads to a university or post-graduate university degree.SkillspecialisationSkill specialisation is defined by the field of knowledge required, toolsand machinery or equipment used, materials used and the goods orservices produced.Sub-division of aunit groupA sub-division of a unit group is denoted by a five-digit code, and it isdistinguished from other occupations in the same unit group on the basisof detailed skill specialisation.Sub-majorgroupA sub-major group is denoted by a two-digit code, and is a sub-divisionof a major group. There are 30 sub-major groups.6
Unit groupA unit group is denoted by a four-digit code, and is a sub-division of aminor group. There are 448 unit groups.Table A illustrates the assignment of the major groups to the four skill levels.Table A – Major groups and skill levelsMajor groupSkill level1.Legislators, senior officials and managers2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.0.ProfessionalsTechnicians and associate professionalsClerksService workers and shop and market sales workersSkilled agricultural and fishery workersCraft and related trades workersPlant and machinery operators and assemblersElementary occupationsArmed forces, occupations unspecified and not elsewhereclassified and not economically active personsReference in skill levelhas not been made43222221Reference in skill levelhas not been made7
STRUCTURE and FORMATClassification structureThe structure of the SASCO comprises of the following levels:·····Major groupSub-major groupMinor groupUnit groupSub-division of unit groupMajor groups ···denoted by a one-digit code.the broadest level of the classification.there are nine major groups.Sub-major groups ···denoted by a two-digit code.sub-divisions of the major groups.there are 30 sub-major groups.Minor groups ···denoted by a three-digit code.sub-divisions of the sub-major groups.there are 153 minor groups.Unit groups ·denoted by a four-digit code.8
··sub-divisions of the minor groups.there are 448 unit groups.Sub-divisions of unit groups ··denoted by a five-digit code.it is distinguished from other occupations in the same unit group on the basis ofdetailed skill specialization.KEY TO CLASSIFICATION CODESFour columns of classification codes are indicated in the detail occupational listings betweenpages 57 and 272 for reference purposes.The classification codes in the first column refer to the detail classification codes of the newlycompiled South African Standard Classification of Occupations (SASCO).The classification codes in the second column refer to the processing codes that was used inthe Manpower surveys of 1987 to 1995 and the Occupational survey of 1996 questionnairesand detail reports.The classification codes in the third column refer to the detail classification codes of theStandard Classification of Occupations of 1986 (Report No. 09-90-01).The fourth column refers to the detail classification codes used in the International StandardClassification of Occupations (ISCO), Revised Edition 1968.9
DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR AND SUB-MAJOR GROUPSMAJOR GROUP 1LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS AND MANAGERSWorkers in this major group mainly formulate, advice or direct government policies,formulate laws, formulate public rules and regulations, represent governments and oversee theinterpretation and implementation of policies and legislation. They also direct and co-ordinatethe activities of organisations. They may also act as supervisors of other workers. This majorgroup has been divided into three sub-major groups, 11 minor groups and 36 unit groups.Occupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:11 Legislators and senior officers12 Corporate Managers13 General ManagersOccupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:11 LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICERS111112113114119LegislatorsSenior Government officersTraditional Chiefs and heads of villagesSenior officers of special interest organisationsLegislators and senior officers not elsewhere classified12 CORPORATE MANAGERS121 Directors and chief executives122 Production and operations managers/department managers123 Other managers/department managers10
129 Corporate managers not elsewhere classified13 GENERAL MANAGERS131 General managers139 General managers not elsewhere classifiedMAJOR GROUP 2PROFESSIONALSThis major group includes occupations which requires a high level of professional knowledge,skills and experience. Professionals usually performs the following tasks: conductingresearch, developing methods, theories and concepts, advising on physical sciences, lifesciences and social sciences, teaching at different occupational levels including handicappedpersons, providing services, performing works of art as well as providing spiritual guidance.This major group has been divided into four sub-major groups, 23 minor groups and61 unit groups.Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:21 Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals22 Life science and health professionals23 Teaching professionals24 Other professionalsOccupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:21 PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCEPROFESSIONALS211212213214215219Physicists, chemists and related professionalsMathematicians, statisticians and related professionalsComputing professionalsArchitects, engineers and related professionalsPhysical sciences technologistsPhysical, mathematical and engineering science professionals not elsewhereclassified22 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS221 Life science professionals222 Health professionals (except nursing)11
223 Nursing and midwifery professionals229 Life science and health professionals not elsewhere classified23 TEACHING PROFESSIONALS231232233234235239College, university and higher education institutions teaching professionalsSecondary education institutions teaching professionalsPrimary and pre-primary education teaching professionalsSpecial education institutions teaching professionalsOther teaching institutions teaching professionalsOther education professionals not elsewhere classified24 OTHER PROFESSIONALS241242243244245246249Business professionalsLegal professionalsArchivists, librarians and related information professionalsSocial science and related professionalsWriters and creative or performing artistsReligious professionalsOther professionals not elsewhere classified12
MAJOR GROUP 3TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALSThis major group includes occupations whose main tasks require technical knowledge andexperience in physical science, life science and social science. These tasks are connected withresearch and the application of concepts, regulations, operational methods and teachings atcertain levels. It also includes technical services. Supervision of other workers may beincluded. This major group has been divided into four sub-major groups, 25 minor groupsand 81 unit groups.Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:31323334Natural and engineering science associate professionalsLife science and health science and health associate professionalsTeaching associate professionalsOther associate professionalsOccupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:31 NATURAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATEPROFESSIONALS311312313314315319Natural and engineering science techniciansComputer associate professionalsOptical and electronic equipment operatorsShip and aircraft controllers and techniciansSafety and quality inspectorsPhysical and engineering science associate professionals not elsewhereclassified32 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS321 Life science technicians and related associate professionals13
322323324329Modern health associate professionals (except nursing)Nursing and midwifery associate professionalTraditional medicine practitioners and faith healersLife science and health associate professionals not elsewhere classified33 TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS331332333334339Primary education teaching associate professionalsPre-primary education teaching associate professionalsSpecial education teaching associate professionalsOther teaching associate professionalsTeaching associate professionals not elsewhere classified34 OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS341342343344345346347348349Finance and sales associate professionalsBusiness services agents and trade brokersAdministrative associate professionalsCustoms, tax and related government associate professionalsPolice inspectors and detectivesSocial work associate professionalsArtistic, entertainment and sports and associate professionalsReligious associate professionalsOther associate professionals not elsewhere classified14
MAJOR GROUP 4CLERKSThis major group includes occupations which requires knowledge and experience in order tostore, record, organise, compute and retrieve information. It includes a number of clerical andsecretarial duties such as money handling, travel arrangements, appointments, operating ofoffice machines, recording and computing of data, customer orientated duties and mailservices. It may also include supervision of other workers. This major group has been dividedinto two sub-major groups, eight minor groups and 24 unit groups.Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:41 Office clerks42 Customer services clerksOccupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:41 OFFICE CLERKS411412413414419Secretaries and keyboard operating clerksNumerical clerksMaterial-recording and transport clerksLibrary, mail and related clerksOther office clerks and clerks not elsewhere classified (except customerservices clerks)42 CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS421 Cashiers, tellers and related clerks422 Client information clerks429 Customer services clerks not elsewhere classified15
MAJOR GROUP 5SERVICE WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERSThis major group includes occupations whose main tasks require knowledge and experience toprovide personal and protective services related to housekeeping, catering, personal care,protection of individuals and property, maintaining law and order and the wholesale or retailselling of goods in shops, at stall and on markets. This major group has been divided into twosub-major groups, 11 minor group and 28 unit groups.Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:51 Personal and protective services workers52 Models, salespersons and demonstratorsOccupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:51 PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS511512513514515516519Travel attendants and related workersHousekeeping and restaurant services workersPersonal care and related workersOther personal services workersAstrologers, fortune-tellers and related workersProtective services workersPersonal and protective services workers not elsewhere classified52 MODELS, SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS521522523529Fashion and other modelsShop salespersons and demonstratorsStall and market salespersonsModels, salespersons and demonstrators not elsewhere classified16
MAJOR GROUP 6SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERSThis major group includes occupations whose main tasks require knowledge and experienceregarding the production of farm, forestry and fishing products. This includes the growingand harvesting of crops, hunting or breeding of animals, breeding or catching of fish,conserving and exploitation of forests, and the selling of products to purchasers or markets.This group has been divided into two sub-major groups, seven minor groups and 19 unitgroups.Occupations in this major group has been divided into the following sub-major groups:61 Market-orientated skilled agricultural and fishery workers62 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workersOccupations in the sub-major groups are classified into the following minor groups:61 MARKET-ORIENTATED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERYWORKERS611612613614615619Market gardeners and crop growersMarket-orientated animal producers and related workersMarket-orientated crop and animals producersForestry and related workersFishery workers, hunters and trappersMarket-orientated skilled agricultural and fishery workers not elsewhereclassified62 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS621 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers17
MAJOR GROUP 7CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERSThis major group includes occupations whose main tasks require knowledge and experienceregarding skilled trades or handicrafts. It also requires an understanding of the materials andtools to be used as well as the intended use of the final product. The main tasks include theextracting of raw materials, constructing buildings and other structures as well as theproduction and processing of handicraft goods and variou
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