Wind Energy Challenges Wind Resource Assessment And Large .
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: May 13, 2021Wind energy challenges wind resource assessment and large scale integrationHansen, Jens CarstenPublication date:2012Link back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Hansen, J. C. (Author). (2012). Wind energy challenges wind resource assessment and large scale integration.Sound/Visual production (digital)General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyrightowners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portalIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.
Sustainable Energy for All: Powering AfricaCopenhagen, 24th September 2012Wind energy challengeswind resource assessment and large scale integrationJens Carsten HansenHead of Wind Energy Systems Section24 Sep 2012DTU Wind EnergyComposites and Materials MechanicsWind Energy DivisionMaterials Science and CharacterisationFluid MechanicsTest and MeasurementsMaterials Research DivisionFluid DynamicsWind Turbines StructuresAerolastic DesignMeteorologyComposite Mechanics2DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWind Energy SystemsSE4All 24 Sep 20121
Outline Introduction – status and challengesWind resource assessmentLarge scale integration of wind power – some projectsConcluding remarks3DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 2012The challengeCumulative Global Wind Power DevelopmentActual 1990‐2011 Forecast 2012‐2016 Prediction ource: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant March 20124DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark2011Prediction2016Forecast2021Existing capacitySE4All 24 Sep 20122
International wind turbine standards - IECa) Safety & functional requirementsIEC 61400-1 Design requirementsIEC 61400-2 Small wind turbinesIEC 61400-3 Design requirements foroffshore wind turbinesIEC 61400-4 Gears for wind turbinesIEC 61400-(5) Wind Turbine Rotor BladesIEC 61400-11, Acoustic noise measurementtechniquesIEC 61400-12-1 Power performancemeasurementsIEC 61400-13 Measurement of mechanicalloadsIEC 61400-14 Declaration of sound powerlevel and tonalityIEC 61400-21 Measurement of powerquality characteristicsIEC 61400-22 Conformity Testing andCertification of wind turbinesIEC 61400-23 TR Full scale structural bladetestingIEC 61400-24 TR Lightning protectionIEC 61400-25-(1-6) CommunicationIEC 61400-26 TS AvailabilityIEC 61400-27 Electrical simulation modelsfor wind power generationb) Test methodsc) Certification proceduresd) Interfaces & Componentd)c)a)5IEC TC88: IEC 61400 series:b)DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 2012International partnershipssuch as e.g. TPWIND and EERA in EuropeThe EERA Joint Programme on Wind Energy aims ataccelerating the realization of the EU SET-plan goals andto provide added value through: Strategic leadership of the underpinning research Joint prioritisation of research tasks and infrastructure Alignment of European and national research efforts Coordination with industry, and Sharing of knowledge and research infrastructure.6Wind ConditionsAerodynamicsStructures and MaterialsWind IntegrationResearch InfrastructureDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkOffshore Wind farmsEnabling research areasApplication areasSE4All 24 Sep 20123
Wind energy – Global and AfricaInstalled capacity in 2010 and 2011 5Accu.MW201156,56397,58879,282% of installedMW201122.9%24.5%50.4%Total OECD-Pacific4785,3686946,0621.7%Total Africa981,1121331,2450.3%Total other continentsand areas:7920881.62900.2%Total AmericasTotal EuropeTotal South & East AsiaAnnual MW installedcapacityCumulative MW installedin the world39,40441,712199,520241,029Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2012EgyptMoroccoTunisiaRest of Africa: Algeria, CapeVerde, Ethiopia, Libya, SouthAfrica, etc.Total 31,245DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWind energy forecast – Global and AfricaForecast 2012-2016(incl. Offshore)Cumulativeinstalled capacity(MW) by end of2016Installed capacitybetween20122016Installed capacity(MW) in 2011Cumulativeinstalled capacity(MW) by end of2011Forecast for wind power development 2012‐2016 (Global)2011201120122013201420152016SumAccu.Total Am 200125,763Total ,050170,638Total South & East 450188,732Total OECD-PacificTotal other 502,2803,0502,45510,1008,04516,1459,598Total MWevery year:newcapacityAccu. capacity (MW)41,712 43,195 47,805 52,560 58,180 68,105 269,845 510,874241,029284,224 332,029 384,589 442,769 510,874Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2012DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark4
Africa’s challengeSustainable, cost efficient and long term solutions are needed.How can Africa be part of the global wind energy development?This presentations takes a look at two important issues: Wind resource assessment Integration of wind power in power systems9DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWhy wind resource assessment - 1?Traditional climatology and global models (GCM) do not provide the answer10DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSource: European Center for Medium Range WeatherForecasting (ECMWF) - ERA Interim reanalysis5
Why wind resource assessment - 2?Energy in windP ½ U3 [W/ m2]Wind provides the income in cost-benefitWind speed Investment costsOperation and maintenance costsElectricity production Wind resourcesTurbine lifetimeDiscount rateEnvironmental benefitsU[m/s]Modelling is necessary and it has to be good11DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkMeasurements Linear interpolation NODTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark6
Numerical Wind AtlasDownscaling from global reanalysis dataLocalRegionalGlobalGGlobal wind resourcesMesoscale modellingMicroscale modellingKAMM/WAsP, MM5, WRF, etc.(WAsP, other linear/nonlinear models)DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWind Atlas for South AfricaWestern Cape and parts of Eastern and Northern CapeWAS DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkAWind13 Mar 2012147
Verified Numerical Wind Atlas for South Africathe databaseWind climate data availableevery 5 km 5 km –corresponding to 15000 virtualmasts.Workshops and guidelinesdescribe WASA methods,tools, products and theirapplication.Data are available throughwasadata.csir.co.za/wasa1/WASADataDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark13 Mar 20121510 WASA masts and dataHigh quality wind measurements for verification of modellingwww.wasa.csir.co.zaDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWASADatarecovery(%)Umean 5WM08100.07.36WM0989.67.55WM1092.46.5213 Mar 2012168
Global Wind Atlas for policy and planningInitiative by Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) Multilateral Working Groupon Solar and Wind Technologies– Intended for policy makers, energy planners and Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM)– The Global Wind Atlas will provide a unified, high resolution, and public-domain dataset ofwind energy resources for the whole world by 2015– DTU Wind Energy has developed the framework methodology for the project microscale modelling capturing small scale wind speed variability no mesoscale modelling uncertainty estimates– Results to be published and methodology to ensure transparency (peer review) DK government funds DTU Wind Energy Partners at this stage: 17International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) - coordinatorDTU Wind EnergyCENER, SpainDLR, GermanyNREL and NCAR, USAOther technical partners for creating the infrastructureDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkWhy wind power integration?The Danish example2008 Approximately 20% of electricityconsumption met by wind power – annualaverage Around 3GW installed wind power capacity For a few hours in a year wind powercovers the entire Danish demand2020 50% of electricity consumption to be metby wind power – annual average Around 6GW installed wind power capacity Wind power production will often exceedthe Danish demandSource: Energinet.dk - EcoGrid18DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 20129
Denmark DemoNational targets and policy25% of electricity from wind energy today50% of electricity from wind energy by 2020Innovation Partnership between Research and Industry (MegaVind) to provide the most effective wind power and wind power plants – thatensure the best possible integration of wind power A demonstration country for wind energyHow to reach the targets and a reliable and cost efficient power system19DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 2012Wind integration: challenges and solutionsChallengesSolutions and research Balancing production andconsumption Power transfer fromproduction to consumers Coping with faults Requirements for ancillaryservices The grid Enhancing grid infrastructure Smart grids Storage Power system modelling Variability Dynamic stability Wind power plant capabilities Wind farms behaving more likeconventional power stations Low voltage ride through Better prediction of wind power More flexible and controllableturbinesDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark10
The grid – European perspectiveEuropean Synchronous ZonesEuropean DC interconnectorsExistingUnder constructionUnder considerationSource: EWEADTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkEU FP7 - TWENTIESConsortium and budgetUnited Kingdom (2)ALSTOM GRIDUNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDEFrance(2)RTEEDF10 European Member States1 Associated nmark (3)DONG ENERGYENERGINETDTU WIND ENERGYThe NetherlandsTENNETGermany (3)FRAUNHOFER IWES50 HzTSIEMENS Wind PowerSpain (5)RED ELECTRICA DE ESPAÑAIBERDROLAITT COMILLASGAMESAABB S.A.22Total budget: 56.8 M EU contribution: 31.8 M DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkBelgium (6)ELIA SYSTEM OPERATOREWEACORESOUNIVERSITY LIEGEUNIVERSITY LEUVENUNIVERSITE LIBRE BRUXELLESItalyRSESE4All 24 Sep 201211
EU FP7 - TWENTIESTRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATION WITH LARGE PENETRATION OF WIND AND OTHERRENEWABLE ELECTRICITY SOURCES IN NETWORKS BY MEANS OF INNOVATIVE TOOLS ANDINTEGRATED ENERGY SOLUTIONSDTU Wind Energy(RISOE) WP2 – KPI WP6 – Storm controldemonstration withWP12 EnergiNet Demo WP16 – Up-scalingassessment ofdemonstrations toEU-wide scale – i.e.modellingDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkEU TWENTIES – WP16.2(Leader: DTU Wind Energy)OBJECTIVESRESULTS– Study power system balancingand reserve requirements withmassive offshore wind power– Special focus on sudden loss ofwind power due to storm passages– Time series of wind powergeneration and forecast errors in2020 and 2030 – development anduse of CorWind– Quantification of reserverequirementsfrom large scale onshoreto massive scale offshorered: 2020blue: 203024DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 201212
DC grids for integration of large scale windpower (NEF OffshoreDC)Overall objective:To develop and apply the Voltage Source Converter(VSC) based HVDC grid technologies in thedeployment of offshore wind power.TSO(s)BalancingresponsiblePartners: DTU Wind EnergyVestas Technology R&DABBChalmers UniversitySINTEFDTU- ElektroDONG EnergyEnerginet.dkVTTStatnettCentral ClusterControllerWind Power PlantControllerWind turbinecontrollerWind turbinecontrollerWind Power PlantControllerWind turbinecontrollerWind turbinecontrollerWind Power PlantControllerWind turbinecontrollerWind turbinecontrollerCluster control:Communication and control in clusters of wind power plants connected to HVDC offshore grids(control system architecture, allocation of control tasks, communication protocol)25DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 2012Simulation of Balancing (SimBa)Energinet.dk projectPlanning tool to simulate balancing of powerSimBa OverviewSimBa is a multi-module simulationsoftware that Energinet is developing tosimulate the balancing and scheduling ofthe entire power market in Denmark.26Forecast Module OverviewThe forecast module of SimBa is configured to calculatethe available power and the hour-ahead (HA)forecasted power for the aggregate power output fromwind farms in the entire Denmark.DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 201213
Wind Power Plant capabilities Wind farm modelingSGSG Wind farm control with grid support Generic, simplified but realistic powersystem model delivered by EnergiNet.dk400 kV400 kVLine 1135 kVLine 2135 kVLSGSimulatedfault eventActive controllable components in the power system with Fault ride through capabilities135 kVOffshore lineSGOffshore lineLLine 4Line 3135 kVAbility to control wind farms as wind power plantLLocalwind turbinesWFTWFT Active and reactive power support of the grid Voltage grid supportActive stallwind farm Frequency control (island systems)165 MWsimilarNysted27DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkDFIGwind farmNew added wind farmfor the simulation example160 MWSE4All 24 Sep 2012PredictionANEMOS SafeWind (EU FP7) OBJECTIVESTo improve wind predictability with focus on extremes at various temporal scales (5min to days ahead) and at various spatial scales (gusts, thunderstorms andfronts) RESULTSDTU Wind Energy developed a variability forecast for the time scale of variations forthe next day or two. DTU Wind Energy also improved data assimilation into the WRFmodel, using wind farm data directly. For the sister project ANEMOS.plus, DTU WindEnergy implemented the WILMAR model to test probabilistic scheduling for Ireland.28DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 201214
Electrical simulation models for wind powerIEC 61400-27:– Scope Develop generic models for wind power generation Procedures for validation of models– Work with new standard initiated in 2009– Two parts 1. Wind turbines (standard by 2012) 2. Wind farms (standard by 2014)– 32 members from 14 countries, industry (TSOs, power producers,consultants) and research– DTU Wind Energy is convener (project manager)29DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkSE4All 24 Sep 2012Some concluding remarks National wind atlas projects (e.g. in South Africa and Egypt) found newpromising resources, geographical coverage, improved accuracy, Global Wind Atlas for Integrated Assessment Modelling by 2015 – global,needs verification and detail by national activities Power system development needed for wind power integration– Models for wind power required– Link up to European work and lessons learnt in the Denmark Demo30DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark15
PS: Rural Electrification REExample moduleCase 3c ‐ Modular electrification conceptPossible dieselgenerator & storageControl point: power can onlyflow to the grid. Additionalgeneration installed in themodule is able to export powerto earn revenueDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark16
Aspects of theModular form of rural electrification projectThe ultimate goal: To enable rural and semi-urban communities to receive electricity with a highproportion of renewable energy penetration from local resourcesThe modular concept aims to be: a sustainable, low-carbon and intelligent power system able to expand, interconnect and grid connect at a later date limiting further loading of the conventional grid employing smart grid technology encouraging informed consumer participation empowering consumers to be producersDTU Wind Energy, Technical University of DenmarkThank you for your attention17
IEC 61400-24 TR Lightning protection IEC 61400-25-(1-6) Communication IEC 61400-26 TS Availability IEC 61400-27 Electrical simulation models for wind power generation 5 SE4All 24 Sep 2012 DTU Wind Energy, T
DTU Wind Energy E-0174 5 1 0BIntroduction Wind resource assessment is the process of estimating the wind resource or wind power potential at one or several sites, or over an area. One common and well-known result of the assessment could be a wind resource map, see Figure 1. Figure 1. Wind resource map for Serra Santa Luzia region in Northern .
red wind/red wind xlr h50 t-15m l 35 mm red wind/red wind xlr h80 t-16m l 65 mm red wind/red wind xlr h105 t-17m l 90 mm racing speed xlr h80 t-19m l 74 mm profile rim female valve adapter (option) red wind/red wind xlr h50 t-15f l 37 mm red wind/red wind xlr h80 t-16f l 67 mm red wind/red wind xlr h105 t-17f l 92 mm racing speed .
energy conversion scheme using both wind and photovoltaic energy sources. 1.1 Wind Energy Systems Wind energy conversion systems convert the kinetic energy associated with wind speed into electrical energy for feeding power to the grid. The energy is captured by the blades of wind turbines whose rotor is connected to the shaft of electric .
This land-based wind energy siting resource was created by the U.S. Department of Energy Wind Energy Technologies Office's WINDExchange initiative and presents foundational information about land-based utility-scale wind energy that local decision makers can use when making community decisions about wind energy development.
Wind energy is generated by a wind turbine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. The system mainly depends on speed of the wind to enhance the performance the turbine in mounted on a tall tower. Wind energy conversion system has a wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator and AC-AC converter. As wind .
Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States Table of Contents DOE/CH 10093-4 October 1986 DE86004442 UC Category: 60 Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States Prepared by D.L. Elliott C.G. Holladay W.R. Barchet H.P. Foote W.F. Sandusky Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352
wind energy. The office pursues opportunities across all U.S. wind sectors—land-based utility-scale wind, offshore wind, distributed wind—as well as addressing market barriers and system integration. As we usher in 2021, we'd like to share some of the most notable wind energy research and development accomplishments from 2020. Offshore Wind
3. Energy transformations in a wind turbine A wind turbine uses energy transfer and energy transformations to generate electricity. As the wind blows it's kinetic energy transfers to the blades of the turbine giving them kinetic energy. This turns a generator which transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy. Kinetic energy (wind) .
