Module 3 Role With Families Guide To Supporting Foster .
Module 3 – Role with FamiliesGuide to Supporting Foster ParentsA project of the Wisconsin Foster Parent Retention & Support Subcommittee(a subcommittee of the Wisconsin Foster Parent Training Committee)The Guide to Supporting Foster Parents concisely outlines the support needs offoster parents within a developmental framework. The support needs were identifiedthrough current research and data obtained from previous Wisconsin initiatives. Theseneeds were organized into six broader categories: Foster Parent Development Emotional Well-Being Professional Member of the Team Resource Support Crisis Needs Financial SupportBrief Overview of ResearchSeveral studies painted a disheartening picture of the foster care system, citingdisproportionate ratios of foster parents to children needing placement, and a shortageof experienced foster parents to care for children with special needs due to low retentionrates. High dropout rates among foster parents contribute to disruptions for children.Approximately 40% of foster families discontinue fostering within the first two years(Ohio Child Welfare Training Program, 2005). Lack of agency support was ranked byformer foster parents as the top reason for quitting (Christian, 2002).The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services conducted a major research studyinvolving three states, including New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Oregon (Gibbs, 2005).The following conclusions were found: Foster parents’ median length of service was 8 to 14 months. This unexpectedlyshort time span is less than the average length of stay in care for many fosterchildren. In looking at patterns of placements, one-fifth of all licensed foster parents arecaring for the majority of children (60 – 80%) in foster care. At least one in five foster homes ceased fostering each year.Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSDocument last updated 1/10/13Page 1 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesGibbs (2005) states, “Though longevity is of course not the only goal for foster parents,preventing the unnecessary loss of qualified foster parents would significantly enhancechild welfare systems’ ability to enhance the safety, permanency, and well-being forchildren in their care” (p. ES-4).Wisconsin has made numerous strides in improving services, resources, and training tofoster parents; however the need for greater support continues to exist. Thiscommitment is reflected in the Program Enhancement Plan to “increase theeffectiveness of support for foster parents by improving their access to information,training, and resources” (WI Department of Health and Family Services- DCFS, 2006).Development of the Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesThe Foster Parent Retention and Support Subcommittee formed several conclusionsthat paved the way for developing the Guide to Supporting Foster Parents: There must be stronger efforts to retain existing foster parents in order to builda system that can meet the challenging needs of foster children and youth.Research indicates that agencies lose between 30-50% of foster homes eachyear, and estimates that 40% of new foster parents quit within their first year oflicensing. Losing foster parents within the two years of licensing is costly, fiscally andthrough loss of staff time spent screening, licensing, training, and monitoring. It isestimated that it takes 4 months to license a foster home in Wisconsin. Placement disruption is even more costly, creating crisis that consumes fostercare coordination and case manager time and results in trauma for the childbeing moved to a new foster home. Placement disruption is often prevented through positive and supportiverelationships between the foster parents and the agency. Foster parents not only need more support, but the support that is given shouldtarget various aspects of foster parent roles. To be most effective, supportshould be adjusted to meet the developmental stage of the foster parent.The developmental functioning of foster parents is a significant factor in providing anytype of support to foster parents. Despite statewide and agency efforts to improve thelevel and quality of support overall, activities that do not match the developmental needsof the foster parents are rendered ineffective. The use of targeted support will best meetthe needs of individual foster parents and save money and time spent on less effectiveinterventions.Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 2 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesThis document is meant to serve as an informal guide to best supporting foster parents.The suggestions are not all-inclusive and may vary based on other factors, such aspersonal characteristics of the foster parents or specific needs of the child in care. ThisGuide serves to promote communication with foster parents about their needs, help toassess the agencies’ existing methods of supporting foster families, and perhapsidentify some factors that may be involved when the current support system is failing.The suggestions include many activities that can be implemented without significantcost to the agency. These support methods may be currently provided but may needsome tweaking to ensure that the focus is truly in-line with the foster parents’ needs.Supporting foster parents effectively cannot be achieved by foster care staff alone.These suggestions incorporate support needs as they relate to working within the fostercare system, as well as with case managers, team members, administrators, fosterparents, and other professionals. Sharing this resource and opening a dialogue abouthow to improve support to each and every foster parent is crucial to building a strongerfoster care system.IntroductionThe Guide to Supporting Foster Parents brings together essential strategies forsupporting foster parents across a developmental continuum and includes the followingcomponents: Explanation of support needs and foster parent developmental stages General “Ways to Support Foster Parents” within each area of need Developmental Stage-specific suggestions for supporting foster parents withineach area of needSupport NeedsFoster parents need more support. This message is widely proclaimed across theliterature, across the nation, and among foster parents.Increasing the level and quality of support can improve retention of foster families anddecrease placement disruption for children in care. Disruption has life-long implicationsfor foster children, and puts a significant burden on the workload of staff. Losing fosterfamilies is costly- the resources invested in recruiting, licensing, and training alone aresignificant. Supporting foster parents reduces the risk of more costly, more restrictiveplacements for children who disrupt from foster homes. Foster families strongly identifythat having a collaborative relationship with the agency that includes opencommunication and active participation as team members is crucial to retention.Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 3 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesBased on research and discussions, the Subcommittee has identified 6 key areas ofsupport for foster families with suggestions of how to meet the needs of foster parents ineach area. The areas of support include: Foster Parent Development, EmotionalWell-Being, Professional Member of the Team, Resource Support, Crisis Needs,and Financial Support.Increased financial support is a universal need for all foster parents, regardless of thedevelopmental stage; therefore it was excluded as a separate category from the guide.Developmental StagesFoster parents function on a continuum of developmental stages, which have becomeknown as the “Room for One More” Parent, the “Team Member” Parent, the “TeamLeader” Parent, and the “Child Advocate” Parent. Each stage brings strengths andchallenges. There is no hierarchy or “desired” outcome for foster families except to gainmore experience and learn skills to function within their roles. No matter how long afamily stays licensed, they may be perfectly content in their current stage and stay therethroughout their career. This certainly does not mean that they are less valuable, or thatthey should be progressing along to the next stage. Not everyone would aspire tooperate as a Child Advocate! We need all kinds of foster families to meet the variety ofneeds of children in care.Despite the developmental stage they might identify with the strongest, foster familieswill continue to acquire characteristics, knowledge and skills relevant to each stagethrough training and experience. There may also be events or circumstances that willcause movement back and forth along the continuum. Much like the Stages of Grief andLoss, where individuals may shift around to any of the stages (denial, bargaining, anger,depression, resolution) as they work through the grief process, foster families willreposition around the developmental stages as well, and need the level of support thatbest matches where they are developmentally at that particular time. It is important foragencies to recognize subtle or dramatic shifts and talk with foster families about how toadjust the type and level of support to the family’s needs.Some of the events that may trigger a shift include:Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 4 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesSupporting Foster Parents Across the Developmental ContinuumUsing the developmental stages is a way to understand foster families and theirfunctioning within foster parent roles. Getting stuck on labeling the foster parent canlimit the worker’s ability to recognize growth, leading to missed opportunities to utilizetheir potential contributions. The stages are not meant to be used as a measuring stickto compare foster parents to each other or determine how they fit with where the agencywould like them to be. Each foster family has inherent strengths and unique abilities,and applying a developmental framework will simply help agencies to educate andsupport foster families in the way that is most meaningful to them.The Foster Parent Retention and Support Subcommittee has developed this guide foragencies to help identify ways in which different components of support can be providedbased on the developmental stage of the foster parent. Most of these suggestions arepractical, cost-effective, and often draw on human resources already present in thefoster care system.Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 5 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesWays to Support Foster FamiliesAREA OF SUPPORTAREA-SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONSFoster Parent DevelopmentTrainingTargets the knowledge andskills that promote successfulfunctioning in the fosterparent roleFoster parents should assist in developing a Training PlanAction planning/discussion integrated into trainingTraining should be effective, and include behavioral training,specialized topics, and advanced levelFoster parents should receive general training (Foundation)Training should include knowledge and skills to develop self-supportand effective advocacyManuals/PoliciesResponsibilities and rolesSelf-evaluationProfessionalismNew foster parent orientation/supportInvolvement in retention effortsRole satisfactionClear expectationsCo-trainingMentally challenging workCommunication skillsSkill development in working with birth familiesUnderstanding cultureEmotional Well-BeingIncreased/ improved quality case manager contactsTargets aspects that buildcapacity to alleviate distress,frustration, and loss relevantto the demands of fosterparentingNetworkingMentoringRespite and reliefSupport planningRecognition (agency and community)Community awareness and supportBurnout/secondary traumatic stressFoster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 6 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesImpact on relationshipsMeeting family needs for supportBalancing demandsRespectCelebrating achievementsRole satisfactionAssistance with birth familiesGrief/lossUnderstanding of cultural beliefs and practicesProfessional Member of theTeamTreated as professionalsTargets the promotion offoster parent participation andsuccessful teamworkComprehensive information sharingTeamingInput/engaged in decisionsMutual assessmentIncreased funding for participation in servicesRegular case staffingsIncreased communicationInvolvement in case planningConference calling if foster parents not availableFeedback about foster care programExit surveysDisruption planning/processingInvolved in training planningInvolvement in Court proceedingsResource SupportAddressing barriers to servicesTargets the provision ofadequate knowledge, skillsand services to care forfoster children and maintainconnections to other fosterparentsIncreased community awarenessQuality face-to-face contactsIncreased services for foster childrenFaster response time for phone callsWritten information on benefits and reimbursementsEquipment to accommodate special needsChild or Family counseling to deal with conflicts in the homeFoster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 7 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesTransportationChildcareCulturally specific resourcesInformation (newsletters, training notices, resources lists)Opportunities for socializationCrisis NeedsIncreased caseworker support at placementTargets tangible andintangible resources toreinforce foster parents’abilities to manage crisis andemergency placementsFormal, child-specific crisis planFunding to cover unplanned costs and supplies for emergenciesCrisis support system (24 hours/phone)Respite and ReliefOpportunity to process disruptions and requests for removalAllegations of CANHelp in dealing with difficult behaviors and special needsPreparation and support for transitions (understanding their role)Financial SupportAdequate servicesIncreased rates and reimbursementsFunding for suppliesCommunity support (financial and provision of services)System of “Equitable Rewards”Paid respite/daycare as reliefFoster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSPage 8 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesThe “Room for One More” ParentAREA OFSUPPORTDESCRIPTION OF CHALLENGESPRIMARY STAGESPECIFIC SUGGESTIONSFoster ParentDevelopmentIn this stage, foster parents need intenseguidance and direction, but often they may notsee the benefits. Training tends to work best whenrequired as part of licensing or placement. Theagency is expected to have told them “everything”they needed to know prior to placement. Fosterparents tend to believe that they have the inherentskills to foster a child, which may increaseeagerness to accept placement of children thatmay be beyond their abilities. Agency focus onfoster parent development should target onincreasing understanding of foster parenting andbuilding basic skills.Foundation TrainingFoster parents in this stage start out naive aboutthe experience of fostering, and may becomemore aware as placements increase. Fosterparents have less capability to discern “goodmatches” for their family due to self-confidence inskills and lack of experience. They are oftenwilling to take on more than they can handle,putting children at risk of disruption. Onceplacement occurs, they are reliant on agency toprovide solutions for the child’s behavior anddisruption to the foster family, as well as provide asurplus of positive reinforcement. Foster parentsmay resist recommendations or fail to carry themout over time if they are not immediately effective.Increased case managercontacts (directive, frequentdespite indicating that theydo not need ties and RolesNew foster parentorientation/supportClear expectationsCommunication Skills (basic“how tos”)Basic skills in working withbirth families (preplacement/foundationtraining)Networking (with other fosterparents)Mentor (match withexperienced foster parent)Respite and Relief (may notbe willing to use or mayoveruse)IntrinsicImpact on relationships(encourage exploration)Balancing demands (helpidentifying demands)ProfessionalMember of theTeamFoster parents in this stage desire to have inputbut may not know what that means and will needguidance in how to interact and participate as ateam member. They may need assistanceovercoming fear of being included in the team withbirth families. They may also feel they are theFoster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSComprehensive infosharing/increasedcommunicationInput/engaged in decisionsRegular case staffingsInvolvement in case planningPage 9 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster Families“expert” on the child after caring for the child for ashort time and may need help balancing their roleand respecting other’s expertise, including theparents.(to some degree)Feedback about foster careprogramExit surveysDisruptionplanning/processingCourt hearings (withdirection)ResourceSupportCrisis NeedsFoster parents may be underprepared forassessing their actual needs as foster parents andfor the foster child. They may express frustrationat lack of support but may not be able to articulatewhat they need. They often withholdcommunicating their needs, consciously or not, inorder to present as if things are under control oravoid appearing uninformed.Quality face-to-face contacts(more directive)Foster parents in this stage may not be able toidentify what a crisis is and what their role is in deescalation. They are unsure about how to handlecrisis and view this as the agency’s responsibility.How the crisis is handled by the foster parentsand agency may impact whether the child isdisrupted and whether the family continuesfostering. Foster parents in this stage needincreased support and step-by-step guidance andfollow-up contacts. Assistance preparing for aneventual crisis is essential.All suggestions under Waysto Support Foster Parents(Crisis Needs) applyFoster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDSFaster response time tophone callsWritten info on benefits andreimbursementsOpportunities for socializationPage 10 of 18
FCC Module 3Guide to Supporting Foster FamiliesThe “Team Member” ParentAREA OFSUPPORTDESCRIPTION OF CHALLENGESPRIMARY STAGESPECIFIC SUGGESTIONSFoster ParentDevelopmentFoster parents in this stage are not self-directedand are still reliant on specific guidance from theagency. Training is minimally recognized as aneed, but foster parents will complete what isrequired to continue fostering. Their interactionswith birth families are more positive but they arenot comfortable engaging in more therapeuticways, such as role modeling and emotionalsupport. They are very invested in being “fosterparents” and are viewed as compliant andcooperative. Agency focus on foster parentdevelopment should build on enhancing theirunderstanding of roles and responsibilities,helping them to become more confident in theirskills and abilities, and developing more skills forworking with families.Foundation TrainingFoster parents in this stage have had experiencewith caring for children, which may impact(positively or negatively) self-satisfaction andconfidence in their abilities. Recognition for being“foster parents” is needed from outside of theagency (community, school, service providers,etc.). Foster parents need other forums to seekguidance, as agencies may assume that theirexperience translates to the need for less support.Foster parents may be questioning whether tocontinue fostering. They may be observing somenegative impacts on family members but will likelyneed encouragement to discuss their needs anddevelop a plan of support.Improved quality casemanager contacts (skilldirective, encouraging moreinitiative)Foster parents in this stage are focused onultimately what is best for the child in the long-run.They need continued skill development anddirection on being a part of the team andaccomplishing objectives. They
Jan 10, 2013 · FCC Module 3 Guide to Supporting Foster Families Foster Care Coordinator Pre-Service Training WCWPDS Page 5 of 18 Supporting Foster Parents Across the Developmental Continuum Using the developmental stages is a way to understand foster families and their functioning within foster pare
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