NR 533 Anglais Conomie - L'Institut Paris Region

NoterapideN 533 - January 2011www.iau-idf.frCreativity and Economic Development inthe Paris Region: a Propitious Synergyin their local culture. Often theydo not operate strictly on a profitmaking basis. An integral part ofthe intangible economy, thecreative economy does not operate according to traditionalmodels or prevailing industryrationales.Michiel S. / www.flickr.comThe English definition has inspired a large proportion of citiesthroughout the world. Theapproach taken by the Île-deFrance is based on that of Greater London. Study results(1)broadly indicate that Paris is acreative urban centre which isevery bit as buoyant as London.363,000 creative industryjobs within the Île-de-FranceThe creative industries, a strategic and emblematic regional sector, are a driving force behindeconomic development and the attractivenessof the nation. Highly concentrated in urbancentres, creative jobs have developed enormouslyover the last decade, meeting the challenges ofthe digital era.here is something ofan obsession on theinternational sceneright now with theconcept of the creative industries. Situated where economicsmeets culture, they are seen asa clear source of competitiveadvantage and a driving forcebehind the knowledge economy.Their profile is hard to pin downand how they work remains obscure. The potential of the creative industries in economic deve-Tlopment still not fully appreciated, although the growingsynergy between creativity andemployment throws new light onthe Île-de-France (Paris Region)economy.Defining the CreativeIndustriesThe United Kingdom has led theway in defining creative industry sectors. The Department ofCulture, Media and Sport(DCMS) describes them as “thoseindustries which have their originin individual creativity, skill andtalent and which have a potential for wealth and job creationthrough the generation andexploitation of intellectual property.” They include variousareas of economic activity, suchas architecture, advertising, filmand video, photography, radioand television, music, performance, arts and antiques,fashion, publishing (books,press), leisure software, designand craft.Despite the wide variety of sectors which they cover, the creative industries have a number ofcommon characteristics. Theypool talents, jobs and structures,encourage collaborative workand tend to be strongly rootedThese jobs are mostly held bysalaried employees (256,000),42,000 held by self-employed workers and 65,000 temporary workers. The jobs carried out underthe aegis of these activities arenot all creative. They cover awide range of functions whichare more or less creative, andmore or less skilled. In total, only44% of those working within thesector have a creative profession.These essentially include journalists, technical production assistants in film, television and theperforming arts, advertising executives, technical assistants in(1) CAMORS C., SOULARD O., Les industries créatives en Île-de-France: un nouveau regard surla métropole, IAU îdF, March 2010. This studyis downloadable from: t-economique.

Note Rapide - N 533Creativity and Economic Development in the Paris Region: a Propitious SynergySalaried employment in the creative industries in France, 2007Salaried jobs within the main business sectors inthe Île-de-France, 2007Île-de-FranceFrench total:538,253 salaried workersCapitalgind oods130,700ustriesAutomoind tive 52,800ustry141,900Reest alate218,500256,000Creind ativeustriesT rans port267,000256,800C ons truc tion100 kmSources: GARP 2007 IAU îdF 2009Hotelcat andering0Rbus etailinessF inanact ,200Salaried workforceSource: IAU îdF, Pôle emploi 2007.the graphic arts, fashion anddecoration (including designers,stylists and graphic designers),dramatic artists, dancers, etc. Noncreative jobs include computerengineers and specialist executives, secretaries, administrativeand financial managers of SMEs,administrative assistants, etc.Half of all France’s salariedcreative industry workersIn 2007, the creative industriesemployed over 538,000 salariedworkers in France. The Parisregion shows the heaviest weighting, accomodating 48% of salaried French workers.Outside of the Île-de-France, theRhône-Alpes (Lyon region) andProvence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur arethe two French regions with thehighest concentration of creativeworkers and organisations, butthe scale differs considerably:Distribution of new creativebusinesses across the Île-deFrance “départements”, 2007Vald'OiseVal-de- 5%MarneSeine- 8%St-Denis7%17%Hauts-de-Seine5%Essonne47%Paris5%6% SeineYvelines etMarneSource: IAU îdF, INSEE (French Institute ofStatistics).the Lyon region employs 44,700salaried workers, i.e. 8% ofFrench workers, with the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regionhome to 37,000 jobs, i.e. 7% ofFrench workers.6% of salaried workersin the Île-de-FranceThe creative industries accountfor 6.2% of all salaried employment in the Île-de-France in 2007(as compared to the average of2.3% for other French regions),which is as much as the construction, hotel and catering, or financial industries. Moreover, 80% ofcreative industry workers are inthe service sector (leisure and cultural business services). Only 20%of jobs are accounted for withinthe industry (publishing, press,sound and video recordings). Soit might be more accurate to talkabout “creative services” ratherthan the “creative industries”.Positive evolutions, driven bythe digital revolutionBetween 1994 and 2007, therewas an overall upturn in thenumber of salaried workers inthe creative industries within theÎle-de-France. The workforce inthis sector increased by a 2.6%annual average over the lastthirteen years, representing anadditional 72,000 people. Thisincrease is double that seen inall other sectors put together(representing an average annual1.2% increase).The period in question falls intothree phases: between 1994 and2000, a strong increase in the ICTand software sectors, then aneconomic downturn between2001 and 2004 in which the leisure software, advertising andpublishing industries diminishedsharply, before seeing anotherrecovery between 2004 and 2007,with more varied results according to sector. Film, radio, television, photography and leisuresoftware, increasingly technologically-based industries, weremore dynamic over this period:special effects, animation, specialist channels and multiplebroadcast media. Other sectorscontinued to develop, but at apace below the creative industry average. Only the publishingsector showed itself to be inslight decline.Creating DynamicCreative BusinessesIn 2007, over 5,100 new creativeindustry businesses were set up,representing almost 7% of newbusinesses in the Paris Region,across all sectors(2). 9.8% of allcreative businesses in France areset up in the Île-de-France. However, this new business creationrate is lower than the regionalaverage for all sectors (11.4%).Creative businesses tend largelyto be set up in the central area ofthe capital, with 47% in Paris and17% in the Hauts-de-Seine area.This localisation is accompaniedby an overspill effect into thecommunes neighbouring Paris,which offer suitable and cheaper premises, whilst retaining theadvantages of the capital itself,e.g. access to qualified individuals, professional networks,a central consumption area,authentic location, etc.Over three-quarters ofWorkforce based in Parisand Hauts-de-Seine AreaThe creative industries are verymuch concentrated in the Île-deFrance in the city of Paris and itsimmediate environs. Althoughall départements saw their working populations increase between 1994 and 2007, their preponderance relative to the Îlede-France has grown. Parisremains the undisputed leader,but it underwent “soft” growth tothe benefit of the Hauts-de-Seinearea which benefited from theredistribution of the creativeindustries into the communesbordering Paris such as Issy-lesMoulineaux, Boulogne-Billancourt, Levallois-Perret, etc. Similarly, the Seine-Saint-Denis areaexperienced a boom, with itsworkforce doubling over thisperiod, leading to the emergenceof a cluster of creative industrieswithin the north-east Paris area.Growth in the areas of Seine-et-(2) Source: INSEE (French Institute of Statistics), French register of companies andestablishments.

Note Rapide - N 533Creativity and Economic Development in the Paris Region: a Propitious SynergyCommunity-based creative activitieCreative Industry Clusters in the Paris regionPublishing (books, press)LevalloisLa Défense NeuillyParisBoulogneIssyFilm, radio and television0There is a strong tendency towards geographical clusteringParis, concentrated in Paris itself along the Seine, continuand the central arrondissements of the right bank, continuinarea. Almost all creative industry activity is concentrated intoforce, consumers and producers of content, contractors, finaidentity of the creative cluster.AdvertisingLeisure software

Note Rapide - N 533Creativity and Economic Development in the Paris Region: a Propitious Synergyes: dominant “cluster” phenomenaCluster centreArea shownon mapArea favoured by severalcreative industriesArea favoured by a sectorof the creative industriesArchitecture5 kmMethodological note:This map represents an inclusive view of thefollowing sectors: film, radio, television,photography, publishing (books and press),music, live entertainment, advertising,architecture, design and leisure software. Thefashion, arts and antiques sectors are notincluded on this map.g. The heartland of the Île-de-France creative industries is inuing through Issy-les-Moulineaux and Boulogne-Billancourt,ng through Levallois-Perret, Neuilly-sur-Seine and the Défenseo these areas. The concurrent existence of a specialised workancial organisations and institutions creates the synergies andDesignMusic and PerformanceArea favoured by industryCluster centre010 kmSources: IAU îdF, INSEE (French Institute of Statistics),Pôle emploi, APCI (Design) IAU îdF 2009