GER-3706D - Steam Turbines For Industrial Applications
GER-3706DGE Power SystemsSteam Turbinesfor IndustrialApplicationsJ.E. EstabrookR.H. LegerGE Power SystemsMarlborough, MA
Steam Turbines for Industrial ApplicationsContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1IST Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1IST Business Product Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Geared Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Directly Connected ISTs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Feed Pump Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Geothermal Steam Turbine Generator Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Modular Product Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Inlet Sections and Casings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Valve Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6New Inlet Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Steam Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Non-Condensing Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8District Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Improvements in Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Axial Exhausts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Turning Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11SPEEDTRONIC Mark VI Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Mark VI TMR Control Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12HMI System Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13VF Series Fluid System Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Full-Feature Designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Simple, Cost-Effective Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Operational Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Performance and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Simple, Cost-Effective Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Environmental Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Ability to Meet Site Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Application Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17GE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) i
Steam Turbines for Industrial ApplicationsTurbine Factory Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Features of the Packaged Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Axial Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Improved Turbine Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Reduced Building Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Reduced Installation Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Reduced Installation Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Cost Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Design Standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Increased Design Standardization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Increased Design Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Sourcing Partnerships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Manufacturing Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Increased Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Project Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23GE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) ii
Steam Turbines for Industrial ApplicationsIntroductionGE has been producing industrial steam turbine (IST) drive systems since the early 1900sand has placed more than 5,000 units into service around the world. Throughout this time,the performance, reliability and cost-effectiveness of these turbine systems have improvedcontinuously through product and packaginginnovations.This effort continues today with the formationof the IST unit within GE Power Systems to provide a broader product line and service capability to our industrial and small steam turbineusers worldwide (Figure 1).Industrial Steam TurbinesJanuary 4, 1999Marlborough, Schenectady,Massachusetts, New BusinessCentersSales & ApplicationSupportDetailedEngineeringManufacturing &Assembly CenterServiceSupportWorld-Wide LocationsFigure 2. Global resourcesSchenectady, and Florence. Detailed engineering is performed in Schenectady and Florence.Manufacturing and assembly centers are inSchenectady, Bangor, Maine, and Florence.Service support is achieved from worldwidelocations.IST Business Product LineGESchenectadySmall SteamTurbinesNuovo PignoneSteam TurbinesFigure 1. The industrial steam turbine (IST) businessThe IST unit integrates the IST portion of GEPower Systems in Schenectady with that of ourGE Nuovo Pignone unit in Florence, Italy.This paper presents an overview of the ISTunit’s design approach, current product lineand recent innovations.The IST business product line consists of steamturbine systems, ranging from 3 to 130 MW, thatfollow either an impulse or a reaction design ora combination of the two for the most efficient,cost-effective solution to plant productivity(Figure 3).Configurations of the steam turbines consist ofthe following (Figure 4): Condensing or non-condensing sets Up, down, side and axial exhausts Single or multiple internal extractionsand/or admissions Uncontrolled extractionsIST BusinessThe IST business is based at two main businesscenters in Marlborough, Massachusetts, andFlorence, Italy (Figure 2). Sales and applicationsupport is performed from Marlborough,GE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) Directly connected and gear-drivensteam turbinesGeared UnitsThe geared steam turbine-generator package1
Steam Turbines for Industrial Applications05 MW 10 MW 15 MW25 MW35 MW50 MW75 MW100 MW150Direct Drive ST-G20-130 MWGeared ST-G3-35 MWMechanical Drive Units2-60 MW Up to 16,000 RPMFeed Pump Drives3-35 MWFigure 3. Product lineSteam Turbine Generators 3,000 to 130,000 KW, 50/60 Hz Applications– Cogeneration– Small Power Production– Combined Cycle– Waste to Energy– Geothermal Power Generation Configurations– Condensing/Non-Condensing– Down, up and Axial Exhaust Configurations– Single/Multiple Internal Extractions– Uncontrolled Steam Extractions– Direct Drive/Gear Driven Designs– Impulse– ReactionFigure 4. Product line configurationsranges from 3 to 35 MW and may be the economical solution customers are looking for(Figure 5). The package consists of an efficient,GE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) high-speed steam turbine driving a gearboxconnected to a four-pole, 50- or 60-Hz generator. This compact package lends itself to quick2
Steam Turbines for Industrial ApplicationsGeared Turbine Generator Sets Complete Packages CanInclude Turbine, Gear, OilSystem and Generator forQuick Installation Turbine Speeds Selected ToOptimize Life-cycle Costs 1500/1800 RPM, 4-PoleGenerators For 50/60 HzApplications Applications to 35 MWGeared Units; Offering a Cost-Effective SolutionFigure 5. Geared steam turbine generator setsinstallation. The turbine exhaust is adaptable toup or down orientations, and internal extraction/admission valves can be added to thesteam turbine to suit a customer’s process steamneeds. Single-shaft steam turbine designs areavailable.Mechanical Drive Steam TurbinesMechanical-drive steam turbines (Figure 6)range from 3 to 60 MW (80,000 BHP), withspeeds of up to 16,000 rpm, and are either condensing or non-condensing types. Completesteam turbine compressor packages as well asseparate mechanical drive steam turbines,which meet API requirements, are available.Designs for a wide range of plant types and sizesare available. The IST team has extensive experience in support for major compressor suppliers, engineering companies and other users.GE’s test capabilities include: Mechanical running testsGE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) Full-train mechanical string tests Rotor dynamic capability, includingresponse testsDirectly Connected ISTsISTs directly coupled to generators (Figure 7)range from 20 to 130 MW. The steam turbinescan be packaged with most of the auxiliaries toease plant design and installation problems.Axial exhausts can be used that allow a less costly building design.This line of turbines has many applications forthe use of extraction and admission processsteam, employing several combinations of internal and external control valves. Using thesevalves provides GE’s customers with processflexibility and excellent partial-load efficiencywhen the turbine is used to supply processsteam.Directly coupled steam turbines in combinedcycle applications must provide the performance and flexibility required for integration3
Steam Turbines for Industrial Applications MDT's, 2,500 HP to 80,000 HPBFPT's, 3-35 MWSingle or double end driveInlet steam up to 1800 psig / 1000 F(12 kg/cm2g/538 C)Applications– Utility Boiler / Reactor Feed Pumps– LNG– Ethylene / Methanol– Urea / Ammonia– Refineries– Synfuel– Process airFigure 6. Mechanical driveswith gas turbines and heat-recovery boilers.Packaged arrangements, when feasible, offershorter delivery and installation time.The directly connected ISTs can operate withfixed-inlet pressure or sliding-inlet pressurecontrol. They can be integrated with gas turbine and plant controls and they have auto- andremote-start capability.Single-shaft steam turbine and gas (STAG)designs are available.Feed Pump TurbinesFeed pump turbine drive packages are availablefrom 3 to 35 MW. Complete steam turbine boiler feed pump packages are available, in addition to stand-alone steam turbine packages.The boiler feed pump turbine package uses: A microprocessor-basedelectrohydraulic control system Modern instrumentation for remoteoperation Dual-inlet capability for a wide rangeGE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) of operation, from black-start toefficient main turbine extractionoperation Flexible exhaust configurations (upand down) Base-mounted packaged designs forease of installation and startupGeothermal Steam TurbineGenerator SetsGE offers highly reliable geothermal steamturbine generator sets (Figure 8). These steamturbines operate typically with saturatedsteam, which is provided from a geothermalsource. Their unique features and materials ofconstruction lead to long-term, reliable operation in geothermal service. The followingfeatures have been incorporated into the geothermal design: Inlet casings similar to those used onSTAG applications, which do not haveinternal inlet control valves4
Steam Turbines for Industrial ApplicationsTechnology OverviewDirect Coupled Quick delivery and installation Sliding or Fixed Pressure InletDesign Modernized Combined Stop &Control Valves Reheat Option Available Extractions / Admissions Advanced Steam Path Designs Proven Exhaust Sections for 50 &60 Hz Single-shaft Combine CycleDesigns Available Condenser Systems and OtherTurbine Island Scope AvailableFigure 7. Direct coupled steam turbinesTechnology OverviewGeothermal Steam Turbine-Features Proven Low-Stress Rotor Designs & GEGeothermal Rotor Forging Material(NiCrMoV) 12-Cr Steam Path and HP Casing Carbon Steel Exhaust Casing with InconelInlay at Critical Surfaces 304L Stainless Steel Steam and Drain Piping Low cost Microprocessor - Based Electro Hydraulic Control Systems - RS232 DCSlink Modern Hermetically Sealed LocalInstrumentation / Wiring For Reliable LongTerm Operation in a H2S GeothermalEnvironment. Up, Down, Side, and Axial ExhaustConfigurations Available Packaged, Base-Mounted DesignsReliable Equipment Backed by ST Engineering/ServiceFigure 8. Geothermal turbine Special butterfly valves used forstartup, control and emergencyshutdownGE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) Proven low-stress rotor designs and aspecial geothermal forging materialformula5
Steam Turbines for Industrial Applications 12-chrome steel steam path and highpressure casing Carbon steel exhaust casing withinconel inlay at critical surfaces toprevent erosion Stainless steel material for all steamand drain piping Modern hermetically sealed localinstrumentation and wiring forreliable long-term operation in a H2Sgeothermal environmentmaximize reliability and performance whileminimizing product costs and delivery cyclesby using this flexible modular structure.Development efforts associated with this product line center on new, improved componentmodules to replace or augment existing ones.Designing Steam Turbines by usingBuilding Block ModulesA Commoncommon ThreadthreadA Packaging Up, down, side and axial exhaustconfigurations available at 50 and 60 Hz Reliability Packaged base-mounted designs Flexibility GE has extensive experience in thetechnology required for reliableoperation in geothermal steamapplications. ServiceModular Product StructureGE adopted a modular component structurefor its line of ISTs to achieve the cost and reliability benefits of standardization withoutcompromising turbine performance. Thisapproach enables the design engineer to optimize a turbine configuration for a customer’sspecific operating conditions by selecting andintegrating pre-engineered and field-provencomponents from an array of alternatives andthen designing a custom steam path that satisfies an application’s unique requirements.Component modules that make up the building blocks of the product line include bearingstandards (supports), inlet sections, inlet andextraction valve gear and exhaust sections.These modules are shown for a typical industrial turbine in Figure 9 and Figure 10. Notethat the barrel section of the turbine is customdesigned for each unit based on the user’sspecific operating conditions. GE is able toGE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) PerformanceFigure 9. Modular design philosophyInlet Sections and CasingsInlet section construction is a function of inletpressure and temperature. A number of designsare available, as shown in Figure 11. For lowsteam conditions, an economical, solid construction is employed where inlet ports are castas an integral part of the casing. For highersteam conditions, either a free-expanding chestdesign employing an integral heat chamber ora nozzle box design with an inner casing isemployed. Both designs provide a high degreeof thermal flexibility for long casing life undercyclical conditions.Valve GearThe type of valve gear used with the inlet sections is also a function of the inlet flow for a particular application. For low-flow applications, abar lift arrangement is used that reduces costand improves performance through reducedvalve-stem leakoff flow. For higher-flow applications, a cam lift arrangement is used in which6
Steam Turbines for Industrial Front StandardModuleInlet Head& Valve GearModuleControlledExtractionModuleExhaust HoodModuleTurbine Designed from Standard Modules with Customized SteampathFigure 10. Industrial turbine building block structureModerate inlet temperatures(solid construction)High inlet temperatures(heat chamber construction)High inlet temperatures(nozzle box with inner shell)Figure 11. Alternative inlet conceptseach valve is individually supported and liftedfor high valve stability and long disc and seatlife. On applications with very high inlet flows,either a jumper valve is used to feed nozzles inthe turbine lower half, or an entire additionalset of valves is mounted in the lower half to provide inlet flow control over a wide range ofoperations.GE Power Systems GER-3706D (10/00) Downstream of the inlet section, the casing’sconical configuration allows a smooth and evenincrease in steam path area as the steamexpands toward the exhaust. The improvedconical casing designs, which utilize simple pattern pieces for each application, eliminate theuse of multiple cylindrical and transitional pattern sections and result in lower costs, reduced7
Steam Turbines for Industrial Applicationsfoundry cycles and reduced thermal stresses inthe casing.New Inlet SectionA new inlet section module (building block)has been added to the IST structure. It can passa flow of 1,200,000
steam turbine to suit a customer’s process steam needs. Single-shaft steam turbine designs are available. Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines Mechanical-drive steam turbines (Figure 6) range from 3 to 60 MW (80,000 BHP), with speeds of up to 16,000 rpm, and are either con-densing or non-condensing types. Comple
Select from any of the following not taken as part of the core: GER 307 Introduction to German Translation, GER 310 Contemporary German Life, GER 311 German Cultural History, GER 330 Studies in German Language Cinema, GER 340 Business German, GER 401 German Phonetics and Pronunciation, GER 402 Advanced
7 SSC Landau 3297 15 29 --- 87 87 GER . 9 Mainzer SV 01 5059 15 31 31 57 88 GER 10 USC Mainz 3316 15 15 15 --- 15 GER 11 SC Neustadt 3292 15 12 5 21 26 GER 12 SSV Offenbach 3304 15 9 7 40 47 GER 13 1.SV BW Pirmasens 3282 15 20 10 69 79 GER 14 SV Region Stuttgart 4982 18 2 2 --- 2 GER 15 SG
pressure steam turbine, 1 intermediate pressure steam turbine, 2 low pressure steam turbines and 1 generator). Image courtesy of Siemens AG. An essential part in the development of new steam turbines is to ensure the mechanical integrity of all components. Steam turbines have t
Page 2 June 2015 Large Steam Power Plants Siemens Steam Turbines for coal-fired Steam Power Plants Power output 120 MW to 700 MW Max. steam parameters Main steam / Hot reheat steam 177 bar / 600 ºC / 620 ºC 2,570 psi / 1,110 ºF / 1,150 ºF SST-5000 series for coal-fired Steam Power Plants
SSC Berlin-Reinickendorf 5624 GER 7 14 21 37 65 102 - - - SSV Bad Salzungen 3272 GER 1 - 1 8 - 8 - - - SSV Erfurt-Nord 3249 GER 1 1 2 7 7 14 - - - SSV Freiberg 3370 GER 14 14 28 92 83 175 - - - SSV Hoyerswerda e.V. 3374 GER 3 6 9 17 40 57 - - - SSV Leutzsch 3378 GER 11 19 30 59 101 16
Bruksanvisning för bilstereo . Bruksanvisning for bilstereo . Instrukcja obsługi samochodowego odtwarzacza stereo . Operating Instructions for Car Stereo . 610-104 . SV . Bruksanvisning i original
17 Table 3. Compressed Water and Superheated Steam (continued) 0.01 MPa (ts 45.806 C) 0.02 MPa (t s 60.058 C) 0.03 MPa (t s 69.095 C) v ρh s t, C v h s t, C v ρ h s 26 446. 0.037 814 3076.7 9.2827 300 13 220. 0.075 645 3076.5 8.9625 300 8811.0 0.113 49 File Size: 630KBPage Count: 60Explore furtherCalculator: Superheated Steam Table TLV - A Steam .www.tlv.comSuperheated Steam Tables - Gilson Enggilsoneng.comCalculator: Superheated Steam Table TLV - A Steam .www.tlv.comCalculator: Superheated Steam Table TLV - A Steam .www.tlv.comSteam Table Calculator Superheated Steam Region Spirax .www.spiraxsarco.comRecommended to you b
The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) Relief Fund provides support and temporary financial assistance to members who are in need. AGMA contracts with The Actors Fund to administer this program nationally as well as to provide comprehensive social services. Services include counseling and referrals for personal, family or work-related problems. Outreach is made to community resources for .
