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www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS Study Notes forNISM Series VII : SECURITIESOPERATIONS & RISK MANAGEMENTMODULE ( SORM )Version – Oct 2018Prepared Bynism.modelexam.inScan the following QR code for NISM Securities Operations Exam Training VideosNISM Securities Operations Exam Training Videos - YouTube Links - ENGLISHnism.modelexam.in provides with basic information, study material & online model exams tohelp you succeed in NISM exams. (NISM – National Institute of Securities Markets – A SEBIInstitute)Both Premium (Paid) & Demo (Free) Versions are available in the website.HARDCOPY / SOFTCOPY of the tests will NOT be providedModelexam website provides ONLINE Mock Test for the following exams.https://nism.modelexam.in – NISM Mock Testshttps://irda.modelexam.in – Insurance Exams Mock TestsFor Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

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www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS Unit 7: Investor Grievances and ArbitrationUnit 8: Other Services Provided by Brokers10%10%Chapter 1: Introduction to the Securities MarketSecurities MarketThe securities market has two interdependent and inseparable segments, viz., the newissues (the primary market) and stock (secondary) market.The primary market is used by issuers for raising fresh capital from the investors bymaking initial public offers or rights issues or offers for sale of equity or debt.The secondary market provides liquidity to these instruments, through trading andsettlement on the stock ExchangesThe secondary market operates through two mediums - Over‐The‐Counter (OTC) market& the Exchange Traded Market / Screen Based Trading System (SBTS).OTC markets are the informal type of markets where trades are negotiated. In this type ofmarket, the securities are traded and settled bilaterally over the counterInitial Public Offer (IPO) or Follow on Public Offer (FPO) It is a public issue,anybody and everybody can subscribe for it.Private Placement the issue is made to select group of people.Rights Issue fresh shares are issued to existing shareholders at a particular price.Bonus issue/stock split Issues without any cost to the existing shareholder ( FreeShares ).Money market is a market for financial assets that are close substitutes for money. It is amarket for short term funds and instruments having a maturity period of 1 year.Money market provides short term debt financing and investment. The money market dealsprimarily in short-term debt securities and investments, such as banker’s acceptances,negotiable certificates of deposit (CDs), repos and Treasury Bills (T-bills), call/notice moneymarket, commercial papers. Government securities are also a part of the money market.Equity Markets and its ProductsEquity Shares represents the form of fractional ownership in a business venture.For Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS Debentures are instruments for raising long term debt. Debentures in India are typicallysecured by tangible assets. There are fully convertible, non-convertible and partly convertibledebentures.Warrants entitle an investor to buy equity shares after a specified time period at a givenprice.Mutual Funds are investment vehicles where people with similar investment objective cometogether to pool their money and then invest accordinglyIndian Depository Receipt (IDR) Foreign companies are allowed to raise capital in Indian currency through aninstrument called Indian Depository Receipt (IDR). IDRs are issued by foreign companies to Indian investors. IDRs are depository receipts which have the equity shares of the issuing company asthe underlying security. The underlying shares are held by a foreign custodian and the DRs are held in theIndian depository. IDRs are listed in the Indian stock exchanges. The investor can either hold the IDR, trade in them in the stock exchange or requestfor redemption into the underlying shares. Redemption is permitted after 1 year from the date of listing. Two way fungibility of IDRs is permitted i.e. depository receipt can be converted intounderlying shares and the underlying shares can be converted into depository receiptDerivative Market and its ProductsDerivative is a product whose value is derived from the value of one or more basicvariables, called bases (underlying asset, index, or reference rate), in a contractual manner.Derivative products are in the form of Forwards, Futures, Options and Swaps.Forward contract is a promise to deliver an asset at a pre‐ determined date in future at apredetermined price.Index/Stock Future is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at acertain time in the future at a certain priceIndex / Stock Options are of two types - Calls and Puts. Calls give the buyer the right,but not the obligation, to buy a given quantity of the underlying asset, at a given price on orbefore a given future date. Puts give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell agiven quantity of the underlying asset at a given price on or before a given date.For Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS Currency Derivatives trading was introduced in the Indian financial markets with thelaunch of currency futures trading in the USD-INR pair at the National Stock Exchange ofIndia Limited on August 29, 2008. Currency futures are traded on the USD-INR, GBP-INR,EUR-INR and JPY-INR at the NSE, MSE & BSE.Commodity Derivatives raw or primary products (gold, silver, metal, energy andagricultural goods) are exchanged.Interest Rate Futures- In India, interest rate future or bond futures are based on 13‐year,10‐year and 6‐year maturity GOI Security and 91‐day GOI Treasury Bill.Foreign Stock Indices Derivatives – SEBI has permitted the stock exchanges to introducederivative contracts on the foreign stock indices such as S&P 500, Dow Jones IndustrialAverage (DJIA) and FTSE 100Debt Market In India, the debt market is broadly divided into two parts: governmentsecurities (G‐Sec) market and the corporate bond market.Corporate Bond Market or corporate debt market is a market where debt securities ofcorporate such as corporate bonds, T‐bills, commercial papers and certificate of deposits areissued and traded.Chapter 2: Market Participants in the Securities MarketThe four important participants of securities markets are the investors, the issuers, theintermediaries and regulators.Investors in securities market can be broadly classified into Retail Investors andInstitutional Investors.Retail Investors are individual investors who buy and sell securities for their personalaccount, and not for another company or organization. This category also includes HighNetworth Individuals (HNI) which comprise of people who invest above rupees 2 lakh in asingle transaction.Institutional Investors comprise domestic Financial Institutions, Banks, InsuranceCompanies, Mutual Funds and FIIs (A Foreign Institutional investor is an entity established orFor Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS incorporated outside India that proposes to make investments in India )Indian companies have raised resources from international capital markets through GlobalDepository Receipts (GDRs)/American Depository Receipts (ADRs), ForeignCurrency Convertible bonds (FCCBs) and External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs).GDRs are essentially equity instruments issued abroad by authorized overseas corporatebodies against the shares/bonds of Indian companies held with nominated domesticcustodian banks.ADRs are negotiable instruments, denominated in dollars and issued by the US DepositoryBank.FCCBs are bonds issued by Indian companies and subscribed to by a non-resident in foreigncurrency. They carry a fixed interest or coupon rate and are convertible into a certain numberof ordinary shares at a preferred price.ECBs are commercial loans (in the form of bank loans, buyers, credit, suppliers credit,securitised instruments, floating rate notes and fixed rate bonds) availed from anyinternationally recognised source such as bank, export credit agencies, suppliers ofequipment, foreign collaborators, foreign equity holders and international capital market.Indian companies have preferred this route to raise funds as the cost of borrowing is low inthe international markets.The Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA) defines ‘Stock Exchange’ as abody of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting,regulating or controlling the business of buying, selling or dealing in securities.For Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS A Clearing Corporation / Agency is a part of an exchange or it can also be a separateentity, which performs three main functions, namely, clearing and settling all transactionsexecuted in the stock market, i.e. completes the process of receiving and deliveringshares/funds to the buyers and sellers in the market, providing financial guarantee for alltransactions executed on the exchange and providing risk management functions. Thisprocess is called novation.The clearing corporation acts as a central counterparty to all the trades.Trading member means a member of a Stock Exchange and Sub-broker means any personnot being a member of Stock Exchange who acts on behalf of a trading member as an agentor otherwise for assisting the investors in buying, selling or dealing in securities through suchtrading members. Trading members can be individuals (sole proprietor), Partnership Firms,Corporates and BanksFor Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS A Custodian is an entity that helps register and safeguard the securities of its clients. Besidessafeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of itsclients. It also helps in: Maintaining a client’s securities account Collecting the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities,having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.Depository and Depository Participants (DPs)There are two Depositories in India, Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL) and NationalSecurities Depository Limited (NSDL), which were established under the Depositories Act, forthe purpose of facilitating dematerialization of securities and assisting in trading of securitiesin the demat form. The Depository provides its services to clients through its agents calleddepository participants (DPs).Regulators Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates the Securities Industry. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the authority to regulate and monitor the Banking sector. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) regulates the Insurance sector. Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority (PFRDA) regulate the pension fund. Ministry of Finance (MOF) Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)SEBI Act, 1992 - The SEBI Act, 1992 was enacted to empower SEBI with statutorypowers for (a) protecting the interests of investors in securities, (b) promoting thedevelopment of the securities market, and (c) regulating the securities market.Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956It provides for direct and indirect control of virtually all aspects of securities trading and therunning of stock exchanges and aims to prevent undesirable transactions in securities. Itgives Central Government regulatory jurisdiction over (a) stock exchanges through a processof recognition and continued supervision, (b) contracts in securities, and (c) listing ofsecurities on stock exchanges.Depositories Act, 1996The Depositories Act passed by Parliament received the President's assent on August 10,1996. The Depositories Act facilitated the establishment of the two depositories in India viz.,For Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS NSDL and CDSL. Only a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and sponsoredby the specified category of institutions can set up a depository in India. Before commencingoperations, depositories should obtain a certificate of registration and a certificate ofcommencement of business from SEBI. A depository established under the Depositories Actcan provide any service connected with recording of allotment of securities or transfer ofownership of securities in the record of a depository. A depository however, cannot directlyopen accounts and provide services to clients. Any person willing to avail of the services ofthe depository can do so by entering into an agreement with the depository through any of itsDepository Participants.Companies Act, 2013The Companies Act of 2013 deals with issue, allotment and transfer of securities and variousaspects relating to company management. It provides for standard of disclosure in publicissues of capital, particularly in the fields of company management and projects,information about other listed companies under the same management, and managementperception of risk factors. It also regulates underwriting, the use of premium and discountson issues, rights and bonus issues, payment of interest and dividends, providingannual reports and other informationPrevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002Money laundering has been defined as “any process or activity connected with proceeds ofcrime including its concealment, possession, acquisition or use and projecting or claiming it asuntainted property”.The PMLA 2002 - came into effect from 1st July, 2005.Amended w.e.f. 01.06.2009.Latest Amendment w.e.f. 15-02-2013.The offences listed in the Schedule to the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 arescheduled offences in terms of Section 2(1)(y) of the Act. The scheduled offences are dividedinto two parts - Part A & Part C.In part A, offences to the Schedule have been listed in 28 paragraphs and it comprises ofoffences under Indian Penal Code, offences under Narcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances, offences under Explosive Substances Act, offences under Unlawful Activities(Prevention) Act, offences under Arms Act, offences under Wild Life (Protection) Act, offencesunder the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act,offences under the Explosives Act, offences under Antiquities & Arts Treasures Act etc.For Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

www.modelexam.in - Online Mock Tests - NISM, IIBF, IRDA, UGC, NEET, GATE, RRB, ICSI, ESE,IBPS Part ‘C’ deals with trans-border crimes, and is a vital step in tackling Money Launderingacross International Boundaries.The Directorate of Enforcement in the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Financeis responsible for investigating the cases of offence of money laundering under Prevention ofMoney Laundering Act, 2002.Financial Intelligence Unit - India (FIU-IND) under the Department of Revenue,Ministry of Finance is the central national agency responsible for receiving, processing,analyzing and disseminating information relating to suspect financial transactions toenforcement agencies and foreign FIUs.Imprisonment for Money Launderers – 3 to 7 yearsSEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015Insider Trading is considered as an offence and is hence prohibited as per the SEBI(Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 .Regulation 2(g) of the SEBI Insider regulations, defines an ‘insider’ any person who is:i) a connected person; orii) in possession of or having access to unpublished price sensitive information;Regulation 2(n) defines unpublished price sensitive information as any informationrelated to the following: –(i) financial results;(ii) dividends;(iii) change in capital structure;(iv) mergers, de‐mergers, acquisitions, delistings, disposals and expansion of business andsuch other transactions;(v) changes in key managerial personnel; and(vi) material events in accordance with the listing agreement.Chapter 3: Introduction to Securities Broking OperationsA trade is the conversion of an order placed on the exchange which results into pay-in andpay-out of funds and securities. Trade ends with the settlement of the order placed.The following steps are involved in a trade’s life cycle:1. Placing of Order2. Risk management and routing of orderFor Training on Stock Markets, Mutual Funds, Bank Exams, Insurance etc - training.modelexam.in

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