Teacher's Guide Reading Wikipedia
Teacher's GuideReadingWikipediain the ClassroomModule 1Using Wikipediato foster mediaand informationliteracy skills1
*This word cloud is generated from 713 teachers’ responses to a survey that was conductedon July 2020 in Bolivia, Morocco, and Philippines2
Table of contentsTable of contents 3Introduction 5About the Teacher's Guide 6How to use this 7Teacher's Guide 7Navigation Key 7Training Schedule 8Socializing your learning 9Module 1: Accessing Information 101.1 The importance of access to information 131. 2 What is a Wiki? 141. 3 What is Wikipedia? 151. 4 Common Misconceptions about Wikipedia 181. 5 Why Use Wikipedia? 201. 6 Who writes Wikipedia? 211. 7 Who doesn’t write Wikipedia? 231. 8 Navigating Wikipedia 251. 9 Other ways to access Wikipedia 291.10 Keeping students safe while reading Wikipedia 331.11 Knowledge equity, content diversity, and Wikipedia 37What's next? 40Final Activity: Integrate Wikipedia into your lessons 423
Lesson Plan Template 44Annex: Example lesson plans and activities to integrate Wikipedia in theclassroom 46Knowledge Quest 47History 51Science 53Social Studies 55Language Arts 57Math 59Acknowledgements 61References 624
Module 1IntroductionAround the world, students and educators are using Wikipedia as a learning resource.As teachers, we can either get frustrated by students misusing Wikipedia or we canuse it to teach them important lessons on media and information literacy. We caneven use it to teach vital 21st-century skills like critical thinking, communication,and collaboration. In almost every academic subject, students can use Wikipedia as a“first stop” for gathering an overview of a topic. Let’s help them do it responsibly!The Education team at the Wikimedia Foundation is excited to present this resourceas an integral part of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” program. “ReadingWikipedia in the Classroom” is a training program that helps teachers understandand leverage Wikipedia as a learning tool by connecting it to the components ofUNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy framework. In the first pilot stage, wedeveloped a teacher’s tool-kit and professional training program to align with thelocal education systems and teachers’ realities in three pilot countries. This resourcewill help educators to teach vital media and information literacy skills for the 21stcentury, including understanding how information is produced, how to access andevaluate content online, and how to understand biases and knowledge gaps. Thistraining program also addresses key questions we received from teachers about howto keep students safe online, and how to equip them to face the various forms ofdisinformation and misinformation online.Wikimedia FoundationThe Wikimedia Foundation is the non-profit organization that hosts Wikipedia andits sister projects. We work towards a world where everybody can freely sharein the sum of all knowledge. We support a global community of volunteers whocollaboratively collect, develop, and share educational content, and we advocate forvalues and policies that guarantee the right to free knowledge.Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom TeamNichole SaadMelissa Guadalupe HuertasVasanthi HargyonoSailesh PatnaikBrahim FarajiSoukaina AbelhadNoemi Ticona AnglesOlga Paredes AlcorezaErlan Vega RiosImelda BrazalVanj Padilla5
Module 1About the Teacher's GuideThis Teacher's Guide is aligned with the three components of UNESCO’s Mediaand Information Literacy (MIL) framework: access, evaluate, and create. UNESCOproposes an integrated approach towards an interdisciplinary concept of literacy,and as such MIL is defined as “a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access,retrieve, understand, evaluate and use, to create as well as share information and mediacontent in all formats, using various tools, in a critical, ethical and effective way, toparticipate and engage in personal, professional and societal activities”. We believe thatlearning how to critically engage students with Wikipedia is key to achieving thecompetencies encompassed by the MIL framework.For the development of this Teacher's Guide, we haveused principles of the Understanding by Design frameworkto organize the essential questions and enduringunderstandings. Each module incorporates clear learningoutcomes for teachers as well as classroom applications ofthe knowledge they will gain.We have followed a constructivist approach where weconnect the teacher’s own previous experiences andknowledge with how Wikipedia works. Reflection questionsand activities help teachers construct new knowledge andconnect it to their classroom practices and experiences.This pedagogical approach is in tune with oureducational philosophy: We believe that open educational resourcesare vital to providing quality education for alland that participating in open movements helpsstudents grow as 21st-century learners We believe students learn best when theyfacilitate their own learning journey with thesupport of teachers We believe people of all backgrounds andabilities should be able to participate and learnthrough our programs We value local knowledge and experiences andbelieve that our programs should enable theinclusion of localized learning resources in theclassroom We believe student wellbeing is imperative totheir academic and social development6
Module 1How to use thisTeacher's GuideThe content of this Teacher's Guideincorporates the wealth of knowledge createdby Wikimedia communities and it has beendesigned to easily adapt to different contexts.It draws from Wikipedia policies, guidelines,essays written by Wikimedians, and a varietyof resources helpful to understand Wikipedia,its communities, and practices. You can findthe original sources from where this contentwas adapted in the References section.This Teacher's Guide is licensed by the Wikimedia Foundation under the CreativeCommons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 international license. This means that youare free to copy, redistribute, adapt, and translate this resource for any purpose aslong as you provide appropriate credit to the authors and use the same CreativeCommons license to distribute your contributions.Navigation KeyActivity boxFor Your Information boxThe “For your information” boxcalls attention to interestingor insightful information aboutthe topic we’re reviewing in thesection.activityfor your informationThe activity box indicates an activity requiredfor the training, each section in this guide hasat least one. Read the instructions and use theblank pages to take notes if you like. If you’reusing this Teacher's Guide as part of a learningcohort, you will have a forum dedicated tosharing your work.7
The “Plug into education” boxesindicated content that is directlyrelated to education theoriesor pedagogical trends. Use thisinformation to make deeperconnections between the contentand your teaching practice.plug into educationPlug into Education boxAnnexThe annex contains sample lessonplans that you can use or adapt tomeet the needs of your students.Review the lesson plans before youdo the final activity.Training ScheduleModule 1Module 2Module 38
Module 1Socializing your learningNo matter where you are, by learning aboutWikipedia and bringing it to your classroom youare becoming part of a community of innovativeeducators committed to lifelong learning.If you are using these resources through afacilitated learning cohort, your local facilitatorwill tell you where to share your responses andassignments (eg: Facebook group, Moodle course,Discord channel).During the training, you will share and report on your progress as you workthrough the assignments in each module.If you are an independent learner, consider the following ideas to make yourlearning more social:Find a colleague who is also interested inexpanding their knowledge and skills onWikipedia, media and information literacy, ordigital spaces. Schedule bi-weekly check-insto share your progress and learning, help eachother clarify some doubts, or go deeper into thetopics that interest you. By the end of Module3, you could meet monthly to continue learningto contribute content to Wikipedia together!If you use social media, decide on a day whereyou can post about your main learnings of theweek to, share your reflections, helpful links,and tag us via @WikimediaEdu on Twitter or@WikimediaEducationTeam on Facebook. Wewould love to see what you’re getting from thisexperience!This work by Wikimedia Foundation is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. You are free to download,share, remix, and adapt it as long as you give proper attribution to the Wikimedia Foundation.9
Module 1Accessing InformationMIL CompetencyRecognizing the demand for, being able to search for, beingable to access and retrieve information and media content.Learning Outcomes1. Teachers will be able to distinguish different types of digital learningresources2. Teachers will be able to debate the merits of Wikipedia as a source ofinformation3. Teachers will be able to use Wikipedia to gain a general understandingof a topicClassroom Application1. Teachers will be able to plan lessons that incorporate Wikipedia as alearning tool2. Teachers will be able to evaluate students’ use of Wikipedia to accessinformation10
FINISHSTART11
Let’s start!12
Module 11.1 The importance of access to informationImagine a world where every student has accessto the sum of all knowledge, readily available forthem to search and reference in their studies.Freedom of information allows citizens to understandthe world they live in, make critical decisions, formtheir perspectives, and grow into life-long learners.It’s key in the fight for human dignity and humanrights, as it enables democratic participation insociety. Freedom of expression is connected tofreedom of information- the unrestricted sharing of information and ideas. One doesnot exist without the other.Of course, freedom of information does not guarantee access to information. Ifpeople are prevented from the means to access information (due to paywalls, lackof connectivity, or underdeveloped literacies) then the social gaps that alreadymarginalize certain groups of individuals become even more stark. As we growinto an information society it becomes of utmost importance to advance theinfrastructure and abilities needed to access information and guide our studentsthrough new technologies.How do we begin to help our students to navigate the extensive amount of contenton the web, make sense of it, and use it to support their learning goals? Searchingfor information online starts with establishing what it is that you want to know,asking the correct questions or keywords to get the information desired, and usingthe available channels to reach this information. Wikipedia provides open access toinformation without any restrictions and it upholds the rights of citizens to accessdiverse sources of information.In this module, we will explore: How Wikipedia can support students and teachers to have access to information. Why Wikipedia is a good tool to facilitate access to information. How to navigate Wikipedia.activityIntroduce yourself to the other teachers in thededicated forum. Who are you? Why do you think it’s important to fostermedia and information literacy skills for thesubject you teach?13
1. 2 What is a Wiki?There are so many websites, apps, and other digitalspaces that use the word “wiki.” It can be confusingto understand exactly what a wiki is, and how all ofthese various wikis are related. We may even haveused an “internal wiki” in our school or district.In the Hawaiian language “wiki wiki” means speedy.This word was appropriated to describe a websitewhich allows people to rapidly contribute content.A wiki enables communities of editors and contributors to write documentscollaboratively. A single page in a wiki website is referred to as a “wiki page”, whilethe entire collection of pages, which are usually well-interconnected by hyperlinks,is “the wiki “. A wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, and searchingthrough information. A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease withwhich pages can be created and updated.for your informationIs every “wiki” related to Wikipedia?plug into educationNo. Many other websites, applications, and networks call themselves “wikis” and arenot affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation or Wikipedia.The projects affiliated with Wikipedia are listed on theWikimedia Foundation website: www.wikimediafoundation.orgCollaborationA wiki is a digital tool that supports collaboration - one ofthe most important 21st-century skills needed for youngpeople to become successful citizens.On the surface, collaboration means working together toachieve a common goal, but it actually involves severalimportant skills. To teach positive collaboration, wemust also teach and model active listening, asking goodquestions, negotiating, delegating, and reaching consensus.activityShare your thoughts inthe discussion forum!What are some ways you teach andmodel collaboration in your classroom?Share your thoughtsin the dedicated forum14
1. 3 What is Wikipedia?for your informationAn advertisement for the 1911Encyclopædia Britannica, fromthe May 1913 issue of NationalGeographic Magazine.29 volumes at 950 pages each.44M words of text.Printed Wikipedia (2015)5,231,100 printed pages.7,473 volumes at 700 pages each: meet Print WikipediaWikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that strives toshare the sum of all knowledge. It is written collaborativelyby largely anonymous volunteers who write without pay.Anyone with internet access can write and make changesto Wikipedia articles, except in limited cases where editingis restricted to prevent disruption or vandalism.Since its creation on January 15, 2001, Wikipediahas grown into the world’s largest reference website,attracting 1.5 billion unique visitors monthly as of March2020. It currently has more than 54 million articles inmore than 300 languages, including 6,133,962 articles in English, with an average of100,000 active contributors every month. Wikipedia is free and open for everyone.15
for your informationWhat does “open” mean?Open knowledge (or free knowledge) is knowledge that one is free to use,reuse, and redistribute without legal, social, or technological restriction.plug into educationOpenEducationalResourcesWikipedia is an Open Educational Resource (OER).According to UNESCO, Open Educational Resources (OER)are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium –digital or otherwise – that reside in the public domain or have been released under anopen license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation, and redistribution by otherswith no or limited restrictions. In 2019, UNESCO adopted a recommendation onOERs, encouraging governments worldwide to support the production, curation,and use of OERs for classroom learning.Using OERs instead of traditional publications has many benefits. First, it reducesthe cost of producing educational materials. Secondly, it gives teachers theability to freely use, adapt, and remix materials without worrying about copyrightinfringement. Finally, pedagogical considerations around the use of OERs shift ourrelationship with knowledge and educational resources, helping us as educatorsto support our students to develop important 21st-centuryskills.Learn more about how the Wikimedia communitycontributed to the OER Recommendation, our participationin the OER Coalition, and our involvement with theUNESCO Global Education Coalition for COVID-19response.activityWhat resources do you normally use in theclassroom?Do you primarily rely on copyrightedmaterials?Consider your own opinion on the benefitsor drawbacks of using OERs to supplementyour teaching resources.Share your thoughtsin the dedicatedforum.16
Notes and Questions17
1. 4 Common Misconceptionsabout WikipediaIn our work with teachers around the world, we’veheard a lot of misconceptions about Wikipedia, andunfortunately, they often lead to teachers feelinguncomfortable using this amazing resource. So, let’stake a look at a few of them, and hopefully clear up anymisunderstandings:Anyone can add their opinion and claim it as factOpinions are not allowed on Wikipedia. What gets includedin a Wikipedia article should be backed by reliable secondarysources and where those sources disagree, all opinions should bedocumented. If someone adds something that doesn’t follow theserules, it will be removed by Wikipedia editors.The editorial control of Wikipedia is left-leaning/progressive/liberalThere is not one organization with editorial control over Wikipedia.No single organization has editorial control over Wikipedia.Wikipedia is entirely edited by volunteers and disputes areaddressed through open dialogue on the platform. The WikimediaFoundation may intervene in editing activity onl
3 Teachers will be able to use Wikipedia to gain a general understanding of a topic Classroom Application 1 Teachers will be able to plan lessons that incorporate Wikipedia as a learning tool 2 Teachers will be able to evaluate st
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Area Exam; whereas, Reading Certification does. Q. Does a teacher with a master's degree in reading need to earn the Reading Endorsement? A. No, a teacher does not need both. A teacher either needs to be reading endorsed or reading certified. A master's degree in reading meets all of the state's requirements to teach reading. In
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Wikipedia /Wikis als Korpus „Wirhaben Verhaltens- und Verbindungsdaten zur Verfügung. Das ist etwas, was es vor einigen Jahren praktisch noch gar nicht gab [.]. In der Wikipedia-Datenbank stehen uns also nichtreaktive Daten zur Verfügung, die nicht nur die Artikelproduktion selbst betreffen, sondern auch die
the core mission of the movement. Editors pointed out that volunteerism to share knowledge is the number one reason for contributing to Wikipedia. This demonstrates that the community, even through all of the growth and changes over the years, continues to share the fundamental raison d'etre of Wikipedia.
WHITE PAPER The Sources in Student Writing Higher Education 10 8.0 Wikipedia Reigns Supreme Wikipedia has an outsized presence as a content source for student writing. In terms of the number of matches, Wikipedia appears almost three times more than the second most popu
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