Merlin Gerin Circuit Breaker Application Guide
Merlin GerinCircuit breakerapplication guideM250N250N250NP93083P93083P93083MERLIN GERINcompactMERLIN GERINNS400 HUi 750V.Ue(V)Uimp 035MERLIN GERINMERLIN GERINNS250 NMIcs 100% IcuIEC 947-2UTE VDE BSUNE NEMACEIpushtotrip.9.88tr12060240test3024015(s) at 1.5 Ir388210.2.390105%Ir56pushtotripSTR 22 trip160/250AImIrIn 250Aalarm8101.51.63.953.98290105%Ir6STR 22 SEalarm8101.5xInIr54.9.85.8.7xIr160/250AImIrIn 250ASTR 22 SEalarm8101.5xIrIrImIm Ir12x InIc.88.93.95.85.98.9.3.2.10 20on I t off.132µP1.510x Irtm(s).95.98faulttest661.51x Io.8x InxInRI452.98.851.543105 IrIn 250ApushtotripSTR 53 UEIo.63Im Icat AIcs 100% IcuIEC947-2UTE VDE BS CEI UNE NEMAIEC947-2UTE VDE BS CEI UNE NEMAUTE VDE BS CEI UNE NEMAIn 400AIrOFFUi 750V. Uimp 9050250OFFUi 750V. Uimp 9050250cat AIcs 100% IcuOFFcat AIEC947-2tmNS250 NcompactcompactNS250 NUi 750V. Uimp 9050250cat BIcw 6kA / 0,25sIcs 100% Icucompact.8 Im1ResetMicrologic 70IrAp resetIsd IgI nIipush OFFpush ONNX 32 H 2O OFFdischargedIcu (kA)10010085Ue (V)220/440525690cat.BIcw 85kA/1sIcs 100% IcuIEC 947-2EN 60947-250/60HzUTE VDE BS CEI UNE AS NEMA01253M250NP930831L1N3L2MERLIN GERINcompactBS EN 61009NS250 NMERLIN GERINMERLIN GERINmulti 9multi 9NG 125LUe(V)Ics 100% Icu220/240V380/415V440V500VIEC947-2UTE VDE BS CEI UNE NEMAImIrIn 250AM.9.85.8.953.7.9821.63xIn451.51065025156C63 n 0,030A230Va a30003400Va6000multi 9C60NC25230Va60001 3 5 710 kA IEC 947.210kA IEC 947.224234241782 4 6 8O - OFF20564O - OFFO - OFFO - OFFO - OFFMERLIN GERINmulti 9C60NC63400Va60001 3 5 710kA IEC 947.224234O - OFF2 4 6 8O - OFFO - OFFO - OFFID'clicbi 40 AI . ON40 mAIEC 947.218806160/250A90105%IrIcu(kA)multi 9C60NID'clicC32In 125Acat ApushtotripMERLIN GERINMERLIN GERINOFFUi 750V. Uimp 9050250STR 22 SE20564alarm8xIrIrImMMMMMMMMM
ContentsSectionDescription1Circuit breakers and system designThe requirements for electrical power distributionPage3Safety and availability of energyStructure of LV electrical power distributionFunctions and technologies of protection devicesStandard BS EN 60947-2Current limitationCascadingDiscriminationEarth leakage protection discriminationRange of circuit breakersDiscrimination rulesLV discrimination studyEnhanced discrimination and cascadingSupplementary requirements552Transformer informationCable fault reduction400Hz operationDC informationResidual current device selectionCircuit breaker markingsLV switch disconnectorsTechnical data773Cascading tablesDiscrimination tablesType 2 co-ordinationtables for motor protectionCo-ordination with Telemecanique busbar1
20 kV/400 V1000 kVAmainswitchboard1000 kVA1000 kVA1600 A23 kA70 kA1000 Adistributionworkshop 1power distributionswitchboard industrial/commercial60 kA400 Asub-distributionswitchboard100 Anon-priorityfeederspriority feeders45 kA100 A160 A75 kWdistributionboarddistributionenclosure19 kA16 AMMlighting, heating, etc.building utilities2distribution
Section 1System requirementsCircuit breakers and system designPageSafety and availability of energy5Structure of LV electrical power distribution6Functions and technologies of protection devices7Standard BS EN 60947-210Current ion rules25Earth leakage protection discrimination26Coordination of protection devices28Range of circuit breakers30LV discrimination study43Enhanced discrimination and cascading463
Glossary4EDW:ElectroDynamic WithstandSCPD:Short circuit protection deviceIEC:International Electrotechnical CommissionBS:British StandardCT:Current transformersCU:control UnitMSB:Main SwitchboardBBT:Busbar TrunkingMV:Medium Voltage (1kV to 36kV)Isc:Short-circuit currentIsc(D1):Short-circuit current at the point D1 is installedUsc:Short-circuit voltageMCCB:Moulded case circuit-breakerBC:Breaking CapacityIcu(*):Ultimate Breaking CapacityIcuD1(*)Ultimate Breaking Capacity of D1Ue:Rated operational voltageUi:Rated insulation voltageUimp:Rated impulse withstand voltageIn:Rated operational currentIth:Conventional free air thermal currentIthe:Conventional enclosed thermal currentIu:Rated uninterrupted currentIcm:Rated short-circuit making capacityIcu:Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacityIcs:Rated service breaking capacityIcw:Rated short time withstand currentIr:Adjustable overload setting current1.05 x Ir:Conventional non-tripping current1.30 x Ir:Conventional tripping currentIi:Instantaneous tripping setting currentIsd:Short time tripping setting current
The requirements of electrical power distributionThe design of LV installations leads to basic protection devicesbeing fitted for three types of faults:c overloadsc short-circuitsc insulation faults.Safety and availability of energyare the operator s primerequirements.Coordination of protection devicesensures these needs are met atoptimised cost.Safety and availability of energyOperation of these protection devices must allow for:c the statutory aspects, particularly relating to safety of people,c technical and economic requirements.The chosen switchgear must:c withstand and eliminate faults at optimised cost with respect to the necessaryperformance,c limit the effect of a fault to the smallest part possible of the installation in order toensure continuity of supply.Achievement of these objectives requires coordination of protection deviceperformance, necessary for:c managing safety and increasing durability of the installation by limiting stresses,c managing availability by eliminating the fault by means of the circuit-breakerimmediately upstreamThe circuit-breaker coordination means are:c cascadingc discrimination.If the insulation fault is specifically dealt with by earth fault protection devices,discrimination of the residual current devices (RCDs) must also be guaranteed.5
The requirements of electrical power distributionStructure of LV electrical powerdistributionLevel A20 kV/400 V1000 kVAmainswitchboard1000 kVA1000 kVA1600 A23 kA70 kA1000 Adistributionworkshop 1power distributionswitchboard industrial/commercialLevel B60 kA400 Asub-distributionswitchboard100 Anon-priorityfeederspriority feeders45 kA100 A160 A75 kWdistributionboarddistributionenclosureLevel C19 kA16 AMMlighting, heating, etc.building utilitiesdistributionSimplified diagram of a standard installation covering most of the cases observed in practice.The various levels of an LV electrical installationEach of the three levels of the installation has specific availability and safety needs.6
Functions and technologies of theprotection devicesProtection devices and theircoordination must be suited tothe specific features of theinstallation.c At the main switchboard, the needfor energy availability is greatest,c At the sub-distributionswitchboards, limitation of stressesin event of a fault is important,c At final distribution, user safety isessential.Circuit-breaker functionsThis connection device is able to close and break a circuit regardless of current up toits breaking capacity.The functions to be performed are:c close the circuit,c conduct current,c open the circuit and break the current,c guarantee isolation.The requirements concerning installation, cost optimisation, management ofavailability and safety generate technological choices concerning the circuit-breaker.Level A: the Main Switchboard (MSB)This unit is the key to the entire electrical power distribution: availability of supply isessential in this part of the installation.c Short-circuit currents are high due to:v the proximity of the LV sources,v amply sized busbars for conveying high currents.c This is the area of the power circuit-breakersi1/3Ai2/3iOwn current compensationdiagramThese circuit-breakers are designed for high currentelectrical distribution:v they are normally installed in the MSBs to protecthigh current incomers and feeders;v they must remain closed in event of short-circuits soas to let the downstream circuit-breaker eliminate thefaults. Their operation is normally time-delayed.ElectroDynamic Withstand (EDW) and high thermalwithstand characterised by a short time withstandcurrent lcw are essential.EDW is designed to be as great as possible by an owncurrent compensation effect.c Main data of these circuit-breakers:v of industrial type, meeting standard BSEN 60947-2,v with a high breaking capacity lcu from 40 to 150 kA,v with a nominal rating of 1000 to more than 5000 A,v category B:- with a high lcw from 40 kA to 100 kA — 1 s- with a high electrodynamic withstand (EDW),v with a stored energy operating mechanism allowing source coupling.Continuity of supply is ensured by total discrimination:v upstream with the protection fuses of the HV/LV transformer (*),v downstream with all the feeders (time discrimination).(*) The value of HV/LV discrimination lies above all in the fact that resumption of operation hasfewer constraints in LV (accessibility, padlocking). This offers considerable advantages forcontinuity of supply.7
The requirements of electrical power distributionLevel B: the subdistribution boardsThese boards belong to the intermediate part of the installation:c distribution is via conductors (BBT or cables) with optimised sizing,c sources are still relatively close: short-circuit currents can reach 100 kA,c the need for continuity of supply is still very great.Protection devices must consequently limit stresses and be perfectly coordinatedwith upstream and downstream LV distribution.This is the area of the moulded case circuit-breakersThese circuit-breakers must open and break the current as quickly as possible. Themain need is to avoid as far as possible stresses at cable and connection level andeven at load level. For this purpose, repulsion at contact level must be encouragedin order to eliminate the fault even as the current is rising.FmFmiiThe possible diagramsare:c with a single repulsionloop,c with double repulsionc with an extractor, amagnetic core pushing orpulling the movingcontact.Example of a repulsion diagram Fm magnetic forceThe repulsion effects can be enhanced by implementation of magnetic circuits:c with effects proportional to the current square (U-shaped attracting or expulsioncircuit),c with effects proportional to the current slope (di/dt) and thus particularly effectivefor high currents (lsc).Main data of the moulded case circuit-breakers:c of industrial type, meeting standard BSEN 60947-2,c with a high breaking capacity (36 to 150 kA),c with a nominal rating from 100 A to 1600 A,c category B for high rating circuit-breakers ( 630 A),c category A for lower rating circuit-breakers ( 630 A),c with fast closing and opening and with three operating positions (ON/OFF/Tripped).Continuity of supply is ensured by discrimination:c partial, possibly, to supply non-priority feeders,c total for downstream distribution requiring high energy availability.8
Level C: Final distributionThe protection devices are placed directly upstream of the loads: discrimination withthe higher level protection devices must be provided.A weak short-circuit current (a few kA) characterises this level.c This is the area of the Miniature Circuit-breakeriiFmiThese circuit-breakers are designed to protect finalloads. The purpose is to limit stresses on cables,connections and loads.The technologies for the miniature circuit-breakers,mainly used at this installation level, prevent suchstresses from occurring.In miniature circuit-breakers, limitation partly dependson the magnetic actuator. Once the mechanism hasbeen released, it will strike the moving contact makingit move at a high speed very early on. Arc voltage thusdevelops very quickly at a very early stage. For smallrating circuit-breakers, specific pole impedancecontributes to limitation.The miniature circuit-breaker is ideal for domestic useand for the protection of auxiliaries; it then conforms tostandard BSEN 60898.On the other hand, if it is designed for industrial use, itmust meet standard BSEN 60947-2.Main data of these circuit-breakers:c a breaking capacity to match needs (i.e. Below 10 kA on average),c a nominal rating of 1.5 to 125 A according to the loads to be supplied,c normally intended for domestic applications: conform to standard BSEN 60898.The protection devices installed must provide:c current limitation,c operating convenience,c absolute safety,as these devices are handled by non-specialist users.9
The requirements of electrical power distributionStandard BSEN 60947-2Standard BSEN 60947.2 specifiesthe main data of Industrial CircuitBreakers:c the utilisation category,c the setting data,c the design measures,c etc.It draws up a series of verycomplete tests representative ofcircuit-breaker real operatingconditions. In appendix A, itrecognises and definesCoordination of Protection Devices— Discrimination and Cascading.Conformity of a circuit-breakerwith standard BSEN 60947-2 is amust for industrial BSENswitchgear.-Changes in dependability needs and technologies have led to a marked increase instandard requirements for industrial circuit-breakers. Conformity with standard IEC947-2, renamed IEC 60947-2 in 1997 and BSEN60 947-2 can be considered as anall-risk insurance for use of circuit-breakers. This standard has been approved byall countries.The principlesStandard BSEN 60947-2 is part of a series of standards defining the specificationsfor LV electrical switchgear:c the general rules BSEN 60947-1, that group the definitions, specifications andtests common to all LV industrial switchgear,c the product standards BSEN 60947-2 to 7, that deal with specifications and testsspecific to the product concerned.Standard BSEN 60947-2 applies to circuit-breakers and their associated trip units.Circuit-breaker operating data depend on the trip units or relays that control theiropening in specific conditions.This standard defines the main data of industrial circuit-breakers:c their classification: utilisation category, suitability for isolation, etc.c the electrical setting data,c the information useful for operation,c the design measures,c coordination of protection devices.The standard also draws up series of conformity tests to be undergone by the circuitbreakers. These tests, which are very complete, are very close to real operatingconditions. Conformity of these tests with standard BSEN 60947-2 is verified byaccredited laboratories.Table of main dataVoltagedataCurrentdataShort-circuitdataTrip unitdataUeUiUimpInIthItheIuIcmIcuIcsIcwIr1.05 x Ir1.30 x IrIiIsdrated operational voltagerated insulation voltagerated impulse withstand voltagerated operational currentconventional free air thermal currentconventional enclosed thermal currentrated uninterrupted currentrated short-circuit making capacityrated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacityrated service breaking capacityrated short time withstand currentadjustable overload setting currentconventional non-tripping currentconventional tripping currentinstantaneous tripping setting currentshort time tripping setting currentCircuit-breaker categoryCategory BSEN 60947-2 defines two circuit-breaker categories:c category A circuit-breakers, for which no tripping delay is provided. This is normallythe case of moulded case circuit-breakers.These circuit-breakers can provide current discrimination.c category B circuit-breakers, for which, in order to provide time discrimination,tripping can be delayed (up to 1 s) for all short-circuits of value less than the currentlcw.This is normally the case of power or moulded case circuit-breakers with highratings. For circuit-breakers installed in the MSBs, it is important to have an lcwequal to lcu in order to naturally provide discrimination up to full ultimate breakingcapacity lcu.10
Reminders of standard-related electrical dataThe setting data are given by the tripping curves.These curves contain some areas limited by the following currents (defined inappendix K of standard BSEN 60947-2).tIotdtsdIrIsdIiIcuIc Rated operational current (ln)ln (in A rms) maximum uninterrupted current withstand at a given ambienttemperature without abnormal temperature rise.E.g. 125 A at 40 Cc Adjustable overload setting current (lr)lr (in A rms) is a function of ln. lr characterises overload protection. For operation inoverload, the conventional non-tripping currents lnd and tripping currents ld are:v lnd 1.05 lr,v ld 1.30 lr.ld is given for a conventional tripping time.For a current greater than ld, tripping by thermal effect will take place according to aninverse time curve. lr is known as Long Time Protection (LTP).c Short time tripping setting current (lsd)lsd (in kA rms) is a function of lr. lsd characterises short-circuit protection. The circuitbreaker opens according to the short time tripping curve:v either with a time delay tsd,v or with constant l2t,v or instantaneously (similar to instantaneous protection).lsd is known as Short Time Protection or lm.c Instantaneous tripping setting current (li)li (in kA) is given as a function of ln. It characterises the instantaneous short-circuitprotection for all circuit-breaker categories. For high overcurrents (short-circuits)greater than the li threshold, the circuit-breaker must immediately break the faultcurrent.This protection device can be disabled according to the technology and type ofcircuit-breaker (particularly B category circuit-breakers).11
The requirements of electrical power distributionIdIdasymmetricalpeak IIcuIcwtts 1 sRated short time withstandcurrent (ts 1 s)tRelationship betwenn Icu andpermissible peak currentTable for calculation of asymmetrical short-circuits (BSEN 60947.2 para. 4.3.5.3.)lsc: symmetrical assumed short-circuitkA (root mean square value)4,5 i I i 66 I i 1010 I i 2020 I i 5050 Iasymmetry factork1,51,72,02,12,2c Rated short-circuit making capacity(*) (lcm)lcm (peak kA) is the maximum value of the asymmetrical short-circuit current that thecircuit-breaker can make and break. For a circuit-breaker, the stress to be managedis greatest on closing on a short-circuit.c Rated ultimate breaking capacity(*) (lcu)lcu (kA rms) is the maximum short-circuit current value that the circuit-breaker canbreak. It is verified according to a sequence of standardised tests. After thissequence, the circuit-breaker must not be dangerous. This characteristic is definedfor a specific voltage rating Ue.c Rated service breaking capacity(*) (lcs)lcs (kA rms) is given by the manufacturer and is expressed as a % of lcu. Thisperformance is very important as it gives the ability of a circuit-breaker to providetotally normal operation once it has broken this short-circuit current three times. Thehigher lcs, the more effective the circuit-breaker.c Rated short time withstand current(*) (lcw)Defined for B category circuit-breakerslcw (kA rms) is the maximum short-circuit current that the circuit-breaker canwithstand for a short period of time (0.05 to 1 s) without its properties being affected.This performance is verified during the standardised test sequence.(*) These data are defined for a specific voltage rating Ue.12
Circuit-breaker coordinationThe term coordination concerns the behaviour of two devices placed in series inelectrical power distribution in the presence of a short-circuit.c Cascading or back-up protectionThis consists of installing an upstream circuit-breaker D1 to help a downstreamcircuit-breaker D2 to break short-circuit currents greater than its ultimate breakingcapacity lcuD2. This value is marked lcuD2 D1.BSEN 60947-2 recognises cascading between two circuit-breakers. For criticalpoints, where tripping curves overlap, cascading must be verified by tests.tD2D1E 45015bc DiscriminationThis consists of providing coordination between the operating c
Merlin Gerin Circuit breaker application guide MM M M M M M M M M M M M MERL IN GER IN multi 9 C60N C63 4 0Va 6 0 0 24 34 2 4 10kA IEC 947 .2 O - OFF 6 8 1 3 5 7
Merlin Gerin 1 contents page C60a 2 C60N 3 C60H 4 C60N UL489 - DC circuit breaker 5 DC circuit breaker - application guide 8 C120N 9 C120H 13 NC100L 17 NC100LH 19 electrical auxiliaries C60, C120 21 electrical auxiliaries NC100 22 instantaneous RCCB/ELCB, selective RCCB/ELCB 24 electrical auxiliaries RCCB/ELCB 26 discrimination 28 cascading 30 dimensions 31 semi-equipped consumer unit 32
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electronic trip circuit breaker A circuit breaker which uses current sensors and electronic circuitry to sense, measure and respond to current levels. fixed-mounted circuit breaker A circuit breaker so mounted that it cannot be removed without removing primary and sometimes secondary connections and/or mounting supports.
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Student Manual Circuit Breaker Cubicle USNRC 4-1 Rev 0 4.0 CIRCUIT BREAKER CUBICLE Learning Objectives The circuit breaker cubicle is the component of the switchgear that holds the circuit breaker,
Merlin Gerin offers an SF6 circuit breaker, the Fluarc FB. 1975 this is innovation ; applying the SF6 technique to switches with the Vercors M6 for MV/LV transformer substations. the Fluarc FB circuit breaker becomes available for systems with a rated voltage of 36 kV. 1977 A new breaking technique, the rotating
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