IGCSE Cambridge: Depth Study Germany 1918-45
IGCSE Cambridge: Depth StudyGermany 1918-45Name: Form:
Depth StudyGermany1918-45IGCSEGermany 1918-45CambridgeGermanyDepth Study B1 Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start? How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War? What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic? To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923? What were the achievements of the Weimar period?2 Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934? What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s? Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930? Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933? How did Hitler consolidate his power in 1933–34?3 The Nazi regime(a) How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933–45? How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime? How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents? How did the Nazis use culture and the mass media to control the people? Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in German society? Was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state?(b) What was it like to live in Nazi Germany? How did young people react to the Nazi regime? How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family? Did most people in Germany benefit from Nazi rule? How did the coming of war change life in Nazi Germany?www.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyGermany1918-45Recommended media. films . documentaries .There is a lot of varied media available on this topic, so our recommendations are based on the mediawe use in the classroom. As we discover more and incorporate them into our teaching we will addthem to the website, so be sure to check it regularly for updates.Our youtube channel: GCSE History has lots to view on Germany and many other topics.We have gathered together relevant videos, to save you time and energy searching throughyoutube to find the relevant StpKdtZbYjwFilmsHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerDownfallThe last days ofHitlerSophie SchollLooks at ‘WhiteRose’ movementSchindler’sListEvacuating JewsGoodProfessorbecomes a NaziDocumentariesBBC History FileRise to power; Life inNazi Germany; HitlerYouth; OppositionThe Nazis: AWarning nceThe efferNazi opponentAuschwitzNazis & the FinalSolution
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of WWI?Germany after WWIRevolution1.3November 1918 Revolution11.1Germany after WWIGermany became a country in1871 ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm II.In World War I Germany thought itcould win a quick victory.After four years of stalemate in thetrenches Germany surrendered.The British blockade of Germanports meant Germany was short offood & other supplies.The Kaiser was forced to abdicate.Before the Allies accepted Germany surrender theywanted the Kaiser to abdicate. Sailors mutinied, and there were protests acrossGermany (often led by socialists).A new government in GermanyKaiser Wilhelm II abdicated on 9 November and Fredreich Ebert (leader of theSocial Democratic Party) made himself Chancellor and formed a new government.The new govt. as many to the Allies on 11 November 1918.Further protests and attempted revolutions continued .Weimar RepublicWeimar was a town which was the capital for a few months in 1918, so they called itthe Weimar Republic. The structure was based on the US system:President(Head of Germany)appointsChancellor,Ministers,Judges commanderof armed forcesTreaty of VersaillesPUNISHMENT FORGERMANY1.2LAND. Colonies taken away. Land given to Poland, France& Belgium & Saarland given toLeague for 15 years. Split into two parts: Germany &East PrussiaMILITARY. Army 100,000 men. No Tanks. Navy 6 ships. No submarines. No airforce. No army in the RhinelandMONEY. Pay reparations (cost of the war)of 6,600 million over 42 yearsALLIANCES. Germany not allowed to unitewith AustriaBLAME. War Guilt - Germanyhad to admit that the war was theirfaultDICTAT - the dictated peace1.4Chancellor(Head of Government)REICHSTAG(Elected membersof Government)Voters(Men & Women over 20 years)Reichstageichstag gotEach party in the Rbased on howa number of seatsd for them.many people voteparties.This was fair to allPresidentPresident had special powers.He appointed the Chancellor,Ministers & head of the Army.In an emergency the Presidentcould suspend the Reichstag &make the laws himself.www.resourcesforschools.comHow theWeimar Republicworked .1.5ProportionalRepresentationThere were lots of parties in theReichstag.The Chancellor had to get supportfromas many parties as possible calledcoalition government.Sometimes coalition parties fell out.
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of WWI?1atest your knowledgeTreaty of Versailles - Germany's PunishmentGermany's punishment after WWI is often given as a reason for people supporting Hitler & one cause of WorldWar II is seeking revenge for the 'unfair' Treaty of Versailles.For each part of Germany's punishment note how they were punished & then explain what the Germanyreaction would have been - a high score suggests they did not like this punishment.PunishmentGerman CTATwww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of WWI?1bList the 'Strengths & Weaknesses' of the new constitutiontest your knowledgeStrengthsWeaknessesa. Democracyb. Proportional Representationc. Presidentd. ArmyWhich was the biggest weakness of the new constitution of the Weimar Republic?www.resourcesforschools.com
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?Crises in the Weimar Republic 1919-23War GuiltSupporters of the KaiserARMYThe new army'scommanding officers e.g.Hindenburg & Ludendorffwere against democracyCIVIL SERVICEThey slowed down whatthe Weimar govt weretrying to doJUDGESThey supported the ideasof the Kaiser and did notpunish his supportersAgainst the WeimarLEFT WING PARTIES:SPARTACISTSCOMMUNIST PARTYSOCIALISTSWanted a revolution likethe one in RussiaRIGHT WING PARTIESNATIONAL PARTYWanted Germany to havea strong army againNATIONAL SOCIALISTWORKERS' PARTY - NAZIsWanted to get rid of theTreaty of Versailles &make German a strongcountry1.7efore. Weimar leaders signed the Treaty thermanywere blamed by many people in GerEffect of Treatyof VersaillesRevenge. Many Germans wanted revenge againstother countries & the WeimarAssassinationsThose that signed the Treaty. Matthias Erzberger & Walter Rathenau were killedJanuary 1919Spartacus League. Leaders: Rosa LuxembourgKarl Liebknecht. Against the rich ruling Germany. Tried a communist revolution in Berlin. Defeated in two weeks by FreikorpsMarch 1920Freikorps - Kapp Putsch. Leader : Dr Kapp. Hated communists & Peace Treaty. Army would not go against Freikorps. Worker s of Ber lin went on strikeagainst the Freikorps & the revolt endedafter 4 days. Poster against theKapp ons1.8April 1919CommunistsBavaria. Took control of govt ofikorpsFre. Defeated byNovember 1923Munich Putsch Nazi. Leader: Adolf Hitler. Tried a revolution in Munich. Police stopped the revolt. Hitler & Hess arrestedAdolf HitlerOPPOSITION TOWEIMAR REPUBLICWeimar leaders blamedRosa Luxembourg1.6. Germany blamed for thewar & forced to pay reparations,lost land & no army humiliationWolfgang Kapp1putsch armed uprisingWeimar Governmentmade to look weak. as Freikorps then thepublic stopped the attempted revolutions. Weimar had to rely on others
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?Crises in the Weimar Republic 1919-231cList the groups that attempted to overthrow the Weimar government.Rank them in order of threat they posed to the Weimar and describe what happened.GroupRankWhat happened .1234www.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?Crises in the Weimar Republic 1919-231dFor each statement decide whether it is TRUE or FALSEStatementT or F1Hindenburg was a Kaiser supporter2The Communists supported the Weimar government3Germany was blamed for stating World War One5The Kapp Putsch ended because workers went of strike6The Freikorps helped the Weimar government7The Munich Putsch was led by Karl Liebknecht8The Spartacus League was a right wing group, with the Freikorps9Many Judges supported right wing groups10Freikorps stopped several communist revolutions11Hitler was arrested after the Munich Putsch12The German people accepted the terms of the Treaty of Versailles13Dr Kapp led the Freikorps14The Weimar government was strong and stopped all the revolutionswww.resourcesforschools.com
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?Crises in the Weimar Republic 1919-23Weimar leaders blamedWar Guilt1Revenge1.9Hyper inflationLosers:. Old people - pensions &saving worthless. Workers paid monthly pay worthless at the end ofthe month. Savers - any cash savingsquickly became worthless. Small business - many wentbankruptGainers:. People with loans - payback easily now. Rich - who had land, gold &foreign currency. Unemployed - their moneywent up every week. Rich businessmen - boughtsmaller companies.Normal trade & businessbecame impossibleHyper-inflationafter 1921. Money became worthless as the governmentprinted more & more to pay the reparations &pay the striking workers in the Ruhr.e.g. 1918 bread 0.6 marks1923 bread 250 marks1.10. Weimar govt. printed money topay the striking workers and won supportfrom the peopleFurther crises:.Hyper inflationandInvasion of the Ruhr1923: 5 billion mark note. Printed moneyto payreparationsInvasion ofthe Ruhr in 1923. French & Belgium troops invaded the Ruhras Germany stopped paying reparations,they took goods e.g. coal instead of money. This was humiliating for Germany &made the Weimer govt. look weak1923: 50 million marknote 11.11The official coat of arms ofGermany 1919-28. German people blamedthe French for inflatiuondue to the reparationpaymentsCurrency became worthless - better to playwith it or burn it to create heatwww.resourcesforschools.comBy the end of 1923 the WeimarGovernment had survived - just.Despite surviving the problems the Weimarwas blamed for Germany's problemsincluding signing the Treaty of Versailles &this would be used again by Hitler as hecame to power.
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?1ctest your knowledgeProblems facing the Weimar RepublicFrom the beginning the Weimar government faced a number of problems.Rank the problem and explain the problems it caused for the Weimar governmentPROBLEMS: Hyperinflation, Revolutions, Blamed for Treaty, Invasion of the RuhrProblemRankProblems it caused the Weimar Republic12345www.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?test your knowledge1dTimeline of events for the Ruhr occupation. Place the events in the correct order 1 to 5No.Germans use passive resistance - workers went on strikeNo.No.French & Belgian soldiers invade the Ruhr & take German goodsNo.No.1eGermany falls behind with reparation paymentsGermans sabotage some coal mines & French soldiers shoot some strikersThe French were angry because they needed money to pay the loans they owed to the USAtest your knowledgeEffect of Ruhr occupation on the Weimar RepublicPositive1. Unite German people againstthe French & Belgians2. The strikers were heroes tothe German people3. The Weimar governmentsupported the strikers4. The government printedmoney to pay the strikingworkerswww.resourcesforschools.comNegative
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?1fANSWERYou have the answer, but what is the question?test your knowledgeQUESTIONHyper inflationMunich PutschDr KappKapp PutschWar GuiltRosa LuxembourgSpartacusLeagueTreaty ofVersaillesPrinting moneywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?SummaryRWhat happenedEventEffectsSome groups wanted Kaiser to abdicate(communists & socialists)Sailors mutiniedProtests across GermanyKaiser abdicated for war truceGermanRevolutionNovember 1918. Groups still support Kaiser inc:.President Judges Civil Servant soldiers. Nationalist Parties (Freikorps)overthrow the Weimar govtWeimarRepublicNovember 1918. Blamed for signing Treaty of Versailles. Weak - no army support. Coalition govts. Faced number of challenges / rebellionsSpartacusRebellionApril 1919. Defeated by the Freikorps. Weimar govt remained in power. Weimar shown to be weakTreaty ofVersaillesJune1919. Humiliated Germany. Weimar govt signed the Treaty and blamed for it. Weimar shown to be weak. Reparations give Weimar govt problemsPresident HindenburgChancellor EbertReichstag many partiesProportional RepresentationCoalition govts.Communist révolutionnaires- attempted to take power in Berlin(Rosa Luxemburg)HumiliatedDictat & War GuiltLost landMilitary only 100,000 armyReparations 6,600 mFreikorps (Dr. Kapp) against communists& peace treatyAttempted revolution in BerlinWorkers went on strike to show they did notsupport them.Hyperinflation caused by printing money to:1. pay for reparations 2. striking Ruhr workersMoney became worthlessPeople lost savingsHitler and the Nazis led an attemptedrevolution in MunichThought army would join themWeimar govt. unable to pay reparationsFrance & Belgium invaded RuhrTook goods from RuhrRuhr workers went on strikeKappPutschMarch 1920. Freikorps failed in the bid to take power. General strike made Dr Kapp realise he nothave support. Again showed the Weimar to be weakin the face of rebellionHyperinflation1921Most people sufferedOnly some businesses and farmers benefittedNew currency: RentenmarkMunichPutschNovember 1923Invasionof the Ruhr1923 -1925www.resourcesforschools.comPutsch failed & Hitler and others arrestedHitler become famous through his trialJudge sympathised with Hitler &gave him only 9 months in jailEmbarrassing for WeimarGerman people supported the striking workersWeimar printed money to pay the strikersWeimar won support for their actions
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?Weimar Republic recovery after 19231.1311.12LIFE in 1920s GermanyPolitical StabilityThere was a number of politicalparties in Germany includingextreme on the left (Communists)& right (Nazis).Through the 1920s these extremeparties did not get many votes.Most people voted for parties thatsupported the Weimar democracy.Governments were 'coalitions'which were not always strong andcould break down at any time.JudgesThrough the 1920s judges seemedto favour right wing parties e.gNazis and were against the left wingparties e.g. the CommunistsArts & CultureGerman adopted 'modernism' inthe 1920s with Berlin the Europeancentre for arts & culture:. music: US cabaret & dance. literature: realist topics e.g. 'AllQuiet on the Western Front. architecture: Bauhaus movement. cinema: biggest maker of films inEurope plus loved Hollywood films. radio: from 10,000 to 3.6 millionlistenersGolden Age?For some the 1920s was the goldenage of new & exciting times for others they wanted a moretraditional life e.g. NazisSome did not like the foreigninfluences in German life.Others thought there was a declinein moral standards - in films & inthe nights clubs & cabaret bars.GUSTAV STRESEMANNMost influential German politician in the 1920sStresemann was Chancellor of a coalition govt. in 1923:. created a new currency the Rentenmark. ordered striking workers in the Ruhr back to work. agreed to pay reparations again (this made him unpopular)Foreign Minister 1923-29. Dawes Plan . Young Plan . Locarno Pact . League of Nations . Kellogg-Briand Pact .1923Rentenmark. New currency - the Rentenmarkended the hyperinflation. People had confidence in therentenmark1.141924Dawes PlanFrance & Britain paysback money it owesto USA for WWIloansImprovementsin theGerman economyGermany pays reparationsto France & Britain1929Young Plan. Reparations reduced by 25%. Reparations to be paid over next 58 years. USA continued to lend Germany moneyas economy grew1925Locarno Pact. Germany, France & Belgiumagreed not to attack each other. Agreed to keep the bordersas they are1928Kellogg-Briand Pact.60 countries inc. Germany signed apact agreeing not to attack eachotherwww.resourcesforschools.comUSA lendsmoney to Germany.The money is spent buildingfactories to makeprofits for GermanyGermany factories had brand newmachinery and adopted US assemblyline techniques.The German economygrew quicker than in France or Britain.InternationalRelations1.151926League of Nations. Stresemann took Germany into theLeague of Nations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.Germany back on the world stage afterthe Treaty of Versailles
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?Mix and Match1gtest your knowledgeLink the statement to the event. Germany, France & Belgium agreednot to attack each other. Agreed to keep the borders asthey are.Rentenmark 1923a.60 countries inc. Germany signed apact agreeing not to attack each otherDawes Plan 1924bGermany factories had brand newmachinery and adopted US assemblyline techniques.The German economy grew quickerthan in France or Britain.cLocarno Pact 1925. New currency - ended hyperinflation. People had confidence in the newcurrencydLeague of Nations 1926. Reduced reparations. Reparations to be paid over next 58 years. USA continued to lend Germany moneyas economy greweGermany pays reparations to France & BritainKellogg-Briand Pact 1928USA lends money to Germany.The money is spent building factories tomake profits for GermanyFrance & Britain pays back money it owesto USA for WWI loansfYoung Plan 1929. Stresemann took Germany into theLeague of Nations. He was awarded the Nobel PeacePrize.www.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?1hHow did the Weimar Republic survive the crises of 1923?Problemtest your knowledgeSolutionHow did it help the government ?survive?Passiveresistance in theRuhr wasbankruptingGermanyHyperinflationresulted inmoney becomingworthlessThe Weimargovernment didnot have the fullsupport of thearmyGermany stillhad to payreparationsWhich of the actions that the Weimar Republic took, was the most important in helping the government survive?www.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?1jtestYouyourknowledgehave the answer,but what is the question?ANSWERQUESTIONRentenmarkDawes PlanGolden AgeYoung PlanStresemannLeague ofNationsLocarno PactKellogg- BriandPactReparationswww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?1iReport for Stresemann & the Weimar Republic 1924 -1929TopicMark7/10CommentThe EconomyCurrencyUnemployment/10ReparationsLoan repayments/10Foreign PolicyLocarno TreatyYoung PlanLeague of Nations/10PoliticsLeft & Right wing partiesRevolutions/10Arts & Cutlure/10Targetswww.resourcesforschools.com
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?Weimar Republic under pressureWall Street Crashin October 192911.16Was the WeimarRepublic doomed to fail?ConstitutionThe constitution (Article 48)allowed the President to enddemocracy and take powerhimself.ProportionalRepresentationLots of parties meantgovernments were 'coalitions'which were not always strong andcould break down at any time, ifthe coalition parties fell out.Resentment againstWeimarThe Weimar Republic was forcedonto Germany after WWI byother countries like GB & France.The Weimar signed the peaceagreements & were blamed for it,many said they 'stabbed the armyin the back'.Many people - police, army, judges,govt. workers - never wanted theKaiser to resign & did not wantdemocracy.Economic problemsInflation in the 1922-3 was blamedon the Weimar government.The Dawes Plan & Young Planagreed by Stresemann meantGermany became dependent onloans from the USA.1.17. Share price collapsed companies became worthless. Banks went bankrupt. Businesses closed people lost their jobs. Unemployment increased less money to buy goods. Demand for goods fell and other countries wentinto depressionEconomic problemsWall Street Crash & Dawes PlanDisaster for Germanybecause:1.18. Dawes Plan. USA had loaned money to Germany during the 1920s. USA stopped new loans. USA demanded their money back from old loans. Without USA money from loans Germany businesses closed. Germany went into economic depressionEconomic Depression in Germany1.19UnemploymentIndustry1929: 1.25 million (8%)1930: 4 million (15%)1933: 6 million (30%)60 % of university graduateshad no job1932:WorkExports1929:1932:full time workpart-time & temporary lower wageswww.resourcesforschools.comIndustrial productiondown 58%1930: USA put tariffs on imports German companies could not export(sell) to the USA
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE History
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?Weimar Republic under pressurePresident Hindenburg did notlike Hitler and did not want himto become Chancellor. But Hitlercould not be ignored as theNazis had so many seat in theReichstag after 193211.20Reichstag elections1928 - 813952501.21Government had many problems when the depression hit Germany:. more money needed to help unemployed people. less money from taxes as fewer people workedgovernment not have enough money to help the people. not print money because it causes inflation so:March 1930 Bruning wanted: to raise taxes 2.5% on govt. workerscut wages by 23%cut unemployment benefit by 5%. other political parties did not want this so Bruning used President indenburgPolitical problemsGovernments of Bruning & Von Papen1.22Von PapengovernmentBruning resigned in May 1932 as unemployment kept rising. Von Papen became Chancellor & he called elections for July 1932. People wanted a strong leader & Hitler (Nazis) won most seats. Von Papen stayed as Chancellor & called for another election in Nov 1932. Schleicher became new Chancellor as Nazis got less votes. President Hindenburg stopped issuing decrees & replaced Schleider withAdolf Hitler as the leader of the most popular party661FranzVon PapenVon Papen and business leaderspersuaded President Hindenburg toappoint Hitler as Chancellor.Von Papen thought that he could controlHitler, as he took the Vice President roleand the government was full of nonwww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What were the achievements of the Weimar period?1jtest your knowledgeComplete the timeline for the events 'the end of the Weimar Republic 1929 - 1933'Highlight successes & failures in different .com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What were the achievements of the Weimar period?1ktest your knowledgeWas the Weimar Republic doomed to fail?YES: reasonsNo: reasonswww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWas the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?What were the achievements of the Weimar period?RWhat happened. Hyper-inflation had caused thecurrency (money) to be worthless. Many Germans had lost all their money. USA lent money to Germany. Germany used money to build industry. Paid reparations with profits from industry. Britain & France pay back WWI loans to USACommunist révolutionnaires- attempted to take power in Berlin(Rosa Luxemburg). Germany not allowed in theLeague after WWI. Agreement between 60 countries notto attack each other. Renegotiated reparations payments. USA agreed to continue loans. USA stock market collapsed. Banks & business bankrupt. Unemployment increased. Unemployment less tax. Unemployment more money needed. Raise taxes and reduce govt. workers payEventEffectsRentenmark1923. Stresemann introduced new currency:Rentenmark. Confidence returnedDawesPlan1924. German industry had new machinery. Germans copied US mass production &assembly line techniques. Industry grew quicklyLocarnoPact1925. Defeated by the Freikorps. Weimar govt remained in power. Weimar shown to be weakLeague ofNations1926. Joined the League. Restore some pride for Germany. Now talking with other countries.KelloggBriand Pact1928YoungPlan1929Wall StreetCrash1929Bruninggovernment1929 - 32. Germany increase relationswith other countries. Restore some pride. Pay 25% less for reparations. Some people said reduction not enough. USA stopped loans to Germany. Germany had to repay loans. German businesses closed. Unemployment increased. Bruning’s actions unpopular. Used Presidential decrees as other partiesnot agree with Bruning. Bruning resigned in May 1932
NOTESHitler:Rise of EvilCovers Hitler’srise to powerBBC History FileRise to powerThe Nazis: AWarning fromHistoryComprehensivedocumentaryGCSE Historywww.resourcesforschools.com
Depth StudyWhy was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?The Nazi Party in the 1920sLebenstraum(expand Germany)Re-arm Germany22.1Stronggovernment2.3Adolf HitlerBackgroundFought in WWI,winning medals forbravery. He was veryangry when Germany surrendered.After the war he worked for thearmy following extremist groups.Joined German Workers' Party in1919, it became the Nazi Party in1920.Nazi PartyAim to overthrow Weimar govt.Own army - SA (Stormtroopers)Hitler became leader in 1922, hewas intelligent & a very goodspeakerSwastika became the Nazi flag.Colours were from old flag of theKaiser.2.2Hermann GoeringFighter pilot hero fromWWI. Joined in 1922,leader of the SA.Rudolf NessSoldier & pilot fromWWI. Joined in 1920,was Hitler's secretary& responsible for partyadministration.Heinrich Himmlerjoined in 1923, wasregional party leader.Ernst RohmCaptain in WWI. Memberof Freikorps, supportedHitler as leader.Set up SA in1921.Increase old-agepensionsWhat did theNazi Partybelieve in?Remove Jews fromimportant jobsAbolish theTreaty of VersaillesDestroycommunistsEnd theWeimar RepublicGovernment takeover big industriesNazis in the 1920s remain a small party, with support mainly in Bavaria dueto the success of the Weimar after 1923 (see 1.12 - 1.15)Growth of the Nazi Party in the 1920s. Munich Putsch . Mein Kampf . Change of tactics .2.52.4Munich Putsch 1923Why?. hoped for army support him. thought Bavarian govt would help himFailure. Army & police stopped the Nazis. Hitler & Lindenburg were arrestedTrial. Hitler, Lindenburg, Rohm & others on trialSuccess. Gave Hitler a a chance to be famous. Judges were lenient - Hitler sentenced toonly 9 months in prison - had own room &allowed visitorsMein Kampf(My Struggle). Whilst in prison Hitler wrote his politicalideas down in a book. Published in 1925 it became a bestseller"the decisions made must be by one man,only he alone may possess the authoritywww.resourcesforschools.comChange of tactics for the NazisWhy?. after Munich Putsch failure Hitler realisedthe Nazis could not take power by forcebut that they needed to win electionsHow to get support?. The Nazis were happy to change theirpolicies to get supportWorking class. Anti Jewish messages were popularMiddle class. Wanted a strong government - Bruningcut wagesBusinessmen. End to communism & trade unionsHitler Youth. Attracted young people to the partyPublic Meetings. Nazis were very good at public speaking. In villages & towns across Germany. If they said something people liked theyrepeated it in other meetingsSA (Brownshirts). Made the Nazis look organised & strongGeobbels was in charge of Nazipropoganda
Depth StudyWhy was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 19
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