Specifying Successful Ceramic & Stone Tiles Installations
Specifying SuccessfulCeramic & Stone TilesInstallationsBeyond TCA and ANSIProvider: J257Program: D201082010
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuingprofessional education. As such, it does not includecontent that may be deemed or construed to be anapproval or endorsement by the AIA of any material ofconstruction or any method or manner of handling, using,distributing, or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, andservices will be addressed at the conclusion of thispresentation.Thank you for joining us!
Who Am I?Jim Whitfield FCSI, CCPR, CTC, LEED APTechnical Manager Parex USA(CSI) Construction Specifications InstitutePresident Elect SW RegionEducation Committee memberFellows Teller CommitteeFormer President Pikes Peak Chapter (2)(MMSA) Materials, Methods, Standards AssociationPresidentVoting ANSI, ASTM & ISO representative(TCNA) Tile Council of North AmericaBoard MemberMembrane CommitteeMortars and Grouts Committee(NTCA) National Tile Contractors AssociationTechnical Committee MemberStandards & Methods
Course Objectives Understand Tile Setting Materials & Application Methods Review Industry Standards & Resources– TCNA - Tile Council of North America– ANSI - American National Standards Institute Understand Specialty Products used for Tile & StoneInstallations
Tile & Stone Installation MaterialsGrout: Sanded, PolymerModifiedAdhesive: Thin SetSubstrate: Mortar BedSubstrate: WaterproofMembraneSubstrate: MortarBed, Pre-SlopeSubstrate: Concrete orWood Structure
Tile & Stone Installation Materials Thin Set (or Thin-Bed)– Most popular method, used when tiles are smaller format tile– Thickness is very uniform, floor substrate is relatively flat andlevel– Can be applied 3/32” – 1/4” (nominal) thick after beat in
Tile & Stone Installation Materials Medium Bed– In process of being recognized by TCNA– Medium Bed mortars can be troweled thicker than traditional thin setmortars– Allows thick-set attributes to be used for thin set applications– Can be applied 1/8” – 3/4” thick after beat in– Used for large format tiles, inconsistent thickness dimensionalstone, slight substrate irregularity
Setting Methods
Industry Standards
QUESTION
ANSWER
Industry Standards
Industry StandardsCommittee meets every 2 yearsSimilar rules as ANSIPublished annually for over 45 yearsCommittee adopted– 14 new methods in 2002– 15 new methods in 2004– 7 new methods in 2007– 1 new method in 2009 2011 will bring a major renovation to theTCNA Handbook
Industry Standards Tile Council of America Handbook 2010– Relationship to ANSI– 96 Installation methods– New methods– Changes
Both the TCNAhandbook & ANSIStandards arevoluntary standards There is no compliancerequirement, BUT They are heavilyfollowed by the courts!
TCNA: What’s Included? Installation Materials–Setting materials–Grouting materials–Backer boards–Waterproofing & crack isolation membranes–Special installation guidelinesInstallation GuidesInstallation Methods–Floors, exterior & interior–Walls, exterior & interior–Ceilings and soffits–Bathtubs & shower walls & receptors–Countertops–Swimming pools–Radiant heated floors–Renovations–Steam rooms, refrigerated rooms, fountains–Movement Joints
TCNA Method: EXAMPLETCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile InstallationMethod F113-07 Dry-Set Mortar or Latex-Portland Cement Mortar method F113 may be suitable forRecommended Uses: on plane, clean concrete. on slab-on-grade construction where nobending stresses occur. see page 17 NOTE for exterior uses. see CAUTION at bottom of pageLimitations: method F111 is the preferredmethod over precast concrete floorsystems, post-tensioned concretefloor systems, and other floorssubject to movement or deflectionabove-grade structural slabinstallations when specific mortarand grout products recommended bythe manufacturer are specified. Not allmodified mortar and grout productsare suitable for this application. deflection not to exceed 1/360 ofspan for above-grade structuralslabs. slab to be well cured, dimensionallystable, and free of cracks, waxy oroily films, and curing compounds. bond coat 3/32" min.Materials: mortar—use ANSI A118.1 or A118.4 forslab-on-grade installations; use only amanufacturer's designated mortar forabove-grade structural slabs grout—use ANSI A118.3, A118.6, A118.7,or A118.8 for slab-on-grade installations;use only a manufacturer's designatedgrout for above-grade structural slabsPreparation by Other Trades: slab—steel trowel and fine broom finishfree of curing compounds. (When used,mechanical scarifying is necessary.) slope, when required, to be insub-floor max. variation in the slab—1/4" in 10'-0"from the required planeMovement Joint(Architect must specify type of joint and showlocation and details on drawings) follow EJ171, page 68, for slab-on-gradeinstallations above-grade structural slabsrequire: exterior joint spacing;perimeter joints are mandatoryInstallation Specifications: tile—ANSI A108.5 grout—ANSI A108.10
QUESTION
TCNA: Recent ChangesEXPANSION JOINTSInterior Joints changed fromExterior joints changes from24 ft – 36 ft to 20 ft – 25 ft12 ft – 16 ft to 8 ft – 12 ft
TCNA: Recent ChangesIMPORTANT EDITORIAL CHANGESNew definition for maximumallowable deflection forsubstrates installed by othertrades
TCNA: Recent ChangesNEW DEFLECTION LANGUAGEFloor systems, including the framingsystem and sub-floor panels, over whichthe tile will be installed using theappropriate TCA method shall be inconformance with the IRC for residentialapplications, the IBC for commercialapplications, or applicable building codes.OLD DEFLECTION LANGUAGECeramic tile installations require the floor areas overwhich tile is to be applied to have a deflection not greaterthan L/360 of the span when measured under a 300 lb.concentrated load (see ASTM C627).
TCNA: Recent ChangesNEW DEFLECTION LANGUAGE ContinuedNote:The owner should communicate in writing to the project designprofessional and general contractor the intended use of the tileinstallation, in order to enable the project design professionaland general contractor to make necessary allowances for theexpected live load, concentrated loads, impact loads, and deadloads including weight of the tile and setting bed.The tile installer shall not be responsible for problemsresulting from any floor framing or sub-floor installation notcompliant with applicable building codes, unless the tileinstaller or tile contractor designs and installs the floorframing or sub-floor.
TCNA 2011: Major Changes Major Changes in 2011 TCNA Handbook– The addition of ISO designations to ANSI A118.1 &A118.4 Material Standards– New Environmental Conditions (Wet Areas)– Revisions to TCNA Steam Room details– New, separate TCNA Installation Handbook forDimensional Stone Tile– Weighted Assemblies
TCNA 2011: Major Changes Major Changes in 2011 TCNA Handbook– The addition of ISO designations to ANSI A118.1 &A118.4 Material Standards– New Environmental Conditions (Wet Areas)– Revisions to TCNA Steam Room details– New, separate TCNA Installation Handbook forDimensional Stone Tile– Weighted Assemblies
TCNA 2011: Major Changes Major Changes in 2011 TCNA HandbookTiles with all edges shorter than 15.” Maximumallowable variation is ¼” in 10‘ from the requiredplane and no more than 1/16” variation in 12” fromany high points in the surface.Tiles with at least one edge 15” or longer in lengthmaximum allowable variation is 1/8” in 10’ with nomore than 1/16” in 24” from the high points.
TCNA 2011: Major ChangesISO Classifications Adhesives OnlyTypesClassesSpecial CharacteristicsC - Cementitious1 - NormalF - Fast Setting(thin set mortars)2 - ImprovedT - Slip ResistanceE - -Extended Open TimeS1 - DeformabilityS2 - Highly DeformableP1 - Plywood adhesionP2 - Improved Plywood AdhesionD - Dispersion1 - NormalF - Fast Drying(mastic)2 - ImprovedT - Slip ResistanceE - -Extended Open TimeR - Reaction resin1 - Normal(Epoxies)2 - ImprovedT - Slip Resistance
TCNA 2011: Major ChangesNumber ClassDescriptionCementitous ThinsetsC1Normal cementitious adhesiveC1FFast setting cementitious adhesiveC1TNormal cementitious adhesive with slip resistanceC 1 FTFast setting cementitous adhesive with slip resistanceC2C2EC2FCementitious adhesive with improved characteristicsCementitous adhesive with improved characteristics and extended open timeFast setting cementitous adhesive with improved characteristicsC2TCementitous adhesive with improved characteristics and slip resistanceC 2 TECementitious adhesive with improved characteristics, slip resistance and extended opentimeC 2 FTFast setting cementitious adhesive with improved characteristics and slip resistanceDispersion MasticsD1Normal dispersion adhesiveD1TNormal dispersion adhesive with slip resistanceD2TDispersion adhesive with improved characteristics with slip resistanceD 2 TEDispersion adhesive with improved characteristics, slip resistance and extended opentimeReaction Resin EpoxiesR1Normal reaction resin adhesiveR1TNormal reaction resin adhesive with slip resistanceR2Reaction resin adhesive with improved characteristicsR2TReaction resin adhesive with improved characteristics and slip resistance
TCNA 2011: Major ChangesMERKRETE and ISOISO example for internal use only, not for external use. ISO testing in processA118.1 -(C1) (TE)A118.3 (R2)700 PremiumSetChemical Resistant, WaterProEpoxy Mortar and GroutCleanable Tile Setting and GroutingEpoxy and Water CleanableTile-Setting Epoxy AdhesiveA118.4 - (C2)(P1)Latex-Portland Cement Mortar705ProSet PlusA118.4 - (C2)TE7d10 DustlessA118.4 (C2)(P1)(S1)720A118.4 (C2)(P2)(S2)735 PremiumflexA118.4 (C2)(P2)(S2)740 Fracture Guard ThinsetA118.4 (C2)(P2)(S2) F750A118.4 (C2) (S2)801 SelfCure ThinsetA118.4 (C2) (S2)200 Krete liquid & 211 Krete powderA118.4 (C2) (S2)820 MerliteMarbleProRS Thin-SetWhen combined with 150 Acrylic admixture:A118.4 (C1)700 PremiumSetA136.1 (D1)TOrganic Adhesives for Installation ofA136.1 (D2)TCeramic Tile136 Surestik
TCNA 2011: Major Changes
TCNA 2011: Major Changes
TCNA 2011: Major Changes
TCNA 2011: Major ChangesCom1 – Commercial Dry – Examples: Commercial interior wall, floor andceiling/soffit applications, and decorative areasCom2 – Commercial Limited Water Exposure – Examples: Dairies,breweries, kitchen walls, locker roomsCom3 – Commercial Wet – Examples: Commercial gang showers, tubenclosures, laundries, showersCom4 – Commercial High Humidity, Heavy Moisture Exposure –Examples: Steam showers, steam rooms, enclosed pool areas, natatoriumsCom5 – Commercial High Temperature ( 125ºF) – Examples:Commercial saunas, furnace or boiler areasCom6 – Commercial Exterior – Examples: Exterior walls
Industry Standards
Industry StandardsANSI HandbookSpecifications for the Installation of Ceramic Tile Revised every five years? Referred to in TCNA Handbook Methods Important– Specifications– Environmental Conditions– Coverage Types of ANSI Standards– A108: Installation Standards– A118 & A136: Material Specifications– A137: Specifications for Ceramic Tile Revisions 2007– 7 new methods & change in deflection criteria
QUESTIONWhat is ANSI?A. It is what you get when your on your firstdate?B. It is what you get when you have topresent an Architectural program for thefirst time?C. It is how you get when you quitsmoking?D. American National Standards Institute!
ANSWERWhat is ANSI?A. American National StandardsInstitute!
Industry StandardsThink of TCNA and ANSI as TCNA– The Details, Drawings and Methods of tileinstallations ANSI– The Specifications and Standards describingthe various tile materials installation methods
ANSI Standard: EXAMPLESpecifications for the Installation of Ceramic TileCommon StandardsA108 – Installation Standards.01 – General Requirements: Sub-surfaces and Preparations by Other Trades.02 – General Requirements: Materials, Environmental, and Workmanship.1A, .1B, or .1C – Installation of Ceramic Tile in the Wet-Set Method with Portland Cement Mortar, or,Installation of Ceramic Tile on a Cured Portland Cement Mortar Setting Bed with Dry-Set or LatexPortland Cement Mortar.4 – Installation of Ceramic Tile with Organic Adhesives or Water Cleanable Tile-Setting Epoxy Adhesives.5 – Installation of Ceramic Tile with Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar or Latex-Portland Cement Mortar.10 – Installation of Grout in Tilework.11 – Interior Installation of Cementitious Backer Units.12 – Installation of Ceramic Tile with EGP (Exterior Glue Plywood) Latex-Portland Cement Mortar.13 – Installation of Load-Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tile andDimension Stonecontinued
ANSI Standard: EXAMPLESpecifications for the Installation of Ceramic TileCommon StandardsA118 – Material Specifications.1 – Specifications for Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar.4 – Specifications for Latex-Portland Cement Mortar.6 – Specifications for Standard Cement Grouts for Tile Installation.7 – Specifications for Polymer Modified Cement Grouts for Tile Installation.9 – Specifications for Test Methods and Specifications for Cementitious Backer Units.10 – Specifications for Load-Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tileand Dimension Stone.11 – Specifications for EGP (Exterior Glue Plywood) Latex-Portland Cement Mortar.12 – Specifications for Crack Isolation Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tile and DimensionStone InstallationA136.1 – Specifications for Organic Adhesives for Installation of Ceramic Tile
Industry Standards
Glass Tile is Beautiful
Industry Standards
Industry StandardsNew ANSI Standards!
Industry Standards Installation of paper-faced glass mosaic tile– ANSI A108.14-2005 Alternate Method: Installation of paper-faced glassmosaic tile– ANSI A108.15 -2005 Installation of paper-faced, back-mounted, edgemounted, or clear film face-mounted glass mosaic tile– ANSI A108.16 - 2005
Glass Tile Installations
The FutureColor Changing Tile? Pre-mixed grouts – Mastics, Urethanes ANSI Standards for Self LevelingUnderlayments ANSI Standard for Sound ReductionMembrane Revisions to 118.12 Crack Isolation Medium Bed Definition TCNA / ANSI ISO designations being added to 118.1and 118.4 thin set standards Glass tile standard for 3” and greater Uncoupling membrane ANSI Standard.
The FutureHUGETile Proposed ANSI Changes LARGE Format Tile
The Future: Large Format Tile
The Future: ANSI A137.1 Significant changes to– ANSI A137.1 Standard(Tile)
The Future: ANSI A137.1 Main changes– Porcelain Tile SpecificationCalibrated – within a certain standardCaliber RangeMin.-0.50% or -0.08 in. Max.0.50% or 0.08 in.Warpage DiagonalMin.-0.50% or -0.08 in. Max.0.50% or 0.08 in.Rectified – Edges are cut to be squareCaliber RangeMin.-0.25% or -0.03 in. Max.0.25% or 0.03 in.Warpage DiagonalMin.-0.40% or -0.07 in. Max.0.40% or 0.07 in.
The Future: ANSI A137.1 Main changes– Porcelain tile specificationsEffects the 108 Installation Standard because of narrow grout joints.Wording: “The grout joint must be three times the size of the tiles facialdimensional irregularity.”1. Narrow grout joint provide less room for variation in the size of the tile.2. Narrow grout joint provide less room for variation in layout due toirregular surfaces.3. Narrow grout joints, lippage due to an uneven substrate is moreapparent.4. Narrow grout joints, lippage due to inherent tile warpage is moreapparent.
The Future: ANSI A137.1Main changes“the running bond offset will be a maximum of 33% unless otherwise specified bythe tile manufacturer. If an offset greater than 33% is specified, Specifier andOwner must approve mock-up and lippage”.
Industry StandardsResources Industry Standards mentioned previouslyManufacturers’ websitesCeramic Tile Distributors Association (www.ctdahome.org)Ceramic Tile Industry & Resources (www.ceramic-tile.com)Ceramic Tile Institute of America, Inc. (www.ctioa.com)InfoTile – the Internet Tile Center (www.infotile.com)National Tile Contractors Association (www.tile-assn.com)Tile Council of North America (www.tileusa.com)Tile Contractors Association of America (www.tcaainc.org)
Specialty Products: Underlayments Surface Prep– Self-Leveling Underlayments Featheredge to 3/4" New construction and remodel TCA methods for electric radiant heat Concrete, plywood, and existing tile 4,500 psi. compressive strength Accepts all floor coverings Limitations– Not wearing surface– Interior only
Specialty Products: Membranes Crack Isolation Waterproofing Sound Reduction
Specialty Products: Membranes Crack Isolation–––––ElastomericBuilt-In Anti-MicrobialGypsum Mortar BedsCrackingBandage or Partial TCA Method F125-05– Continuous Membrane TCA Method F125A-05– Radiant Heat Slabs Limitations– 1/8” or less
Specifying Successful Ceramic and Stone Tiles InstallationsBeyond TCA and ANSIFLOORS, INTERIORCrack Isolation MembraneRecommended Uses: wherever crack isolation is required over existing in-plane cracks. see NOTE on page 17 for exterior uses. for protection against future in-plane cracking, full-coverage is recommended and mustbe additionally specified (F125A).Limitations: deflection not to exceed 1/360 of span. not recommended for severe chemical exposure. Confirm with membrane manufacturer. for lateral (in-plane) movement only.Requirements: design floor areas over which tile is to be applied to have deflection not greater than1/360 of the span.Make allowance for live load and impact as well as all dead load, including weight of thetile and setting bed. for existing cracks, soft joints may be required adjacent to cracks per manufacturer’sinstructions. specifier to identify areas of coverage.Materials: crack isolation membrane—ANSI A118.12. latex-portland cement mortar—ANSI A118.4. grout—ANSI A118.3, A118.6, A118.7, or A118.8. sealant complying with ASTM C920.Preparation by Other Trades: maximum variation in subfloor—1/4“ in 10'-0" from the required plane.Preparation by Tile Trade: crack isolation membrane—install to comply with manufacturer's directions.Installation Specifications: tile—ANSI A108.5. crack isolation membrane—ANSI A108.17 or follow manufacturer’s recommendations.Movement Joint (architect must specify type of joint and show location and detailson drawings): movement joints—mandatory according to Method EJ171, page 68.
Specialty Products: Membranes
Specialty Products: Membranes Waterproofing Membranes–––––––ElastomericBuilt-In Anti-MicrobialIAPMO, ICC-ES Code ApprovedInterior & ExteriorHorizontal & VerticalTrowel, roller or airless spray appliedPools, fountains, spas, steam rooms ANSI Standard– ANSI 118.10
Specialty Products: Sound Reduction Sound Reduction Systems– Contributes to LEED Credit: Recycled content– Excellent for STC Rating (Sound Transmission Control) e.g., room noise IIC (Impact Insulation Class) e.g., football, basketball
Specialty Products: Sound ReductionSpecialty ProductsSound Reduction SystemIIC Rating6”Slab Thickness8”10”Slab No CeilingWithout SoundWithoutSoundShieldReduction SystemWithSoundReductionSystemWith Sound Shield283932433445Slab with Suspended CeilingWithout SoundWithoutSoundShieldReduction SystemWithSoundReductionSystemWith Sound Shield425346574859Slab with Suspended Insulated CeilingWithoutWithoutSoundSoundShieldReduction SystemWithSoundSoundShieldReduction SystemWith465750615263
Specialty Products: Mortars Dustless Thin Set– Improved Air Quality– Enhanced productivity– Improved job site atmosphericconditions– Reduced liability– Higher employee retention Improved morale Cleaner working conditions– Potential ID Credit LEED– Improved Safety & RiskManagementVideoClip
Specialty Products: Mortars ––––––I/240Latex ModifiedFreeze/Thaw stableWater-ResistantInterior & ExteriorCutback, existing vinyl tile,porcelain tile, exterior gradeplywood (EGP) mortar– Pre-Stress & Post-Tension
Specialty Products: Mortars Fast Setting––––––Grout in 2-3 hoursFoot traffic in 4 hoursInterior & ExteriorConcrete, EGP, existing tile, cutbackImpervious tile over low absorptionWaterproof, crack-isolation & soundreduction membranes– Cold installations– Colors: White & Gray
Specialty Products: Grouts 100% Solids Epoxy– Setting Material Green marbleChemical (e.g., dairy, brewery, retail, commercial kitchens)Very high strengthFiberglass & other hard-to-bond substratesInterior & Exterior– Grout Chemical resistance (i.e., acids, solvents & alkalis)Absorption 0.003%Color optionsCost & labor intensiveIncreasing residential popularity Limitations– Few chemicals(methylene chloride)
Specialty Products: Grouts 100% Solids Epoxy
Specialty Products: Grouts Cementitious Sanded & Non-Sanded Grouts– 1/8” or less, non-sanded grout– 1/8” or more, sanded grouts Innovations– Polymer modification– Anti-microbial Mold & mildew resistance– Built in sealer
Q&AThank You for Joining Us!Jim Whitfield FCSI, CCPR, CTC, LEED APTechnical Manager Parex USA800-851-6303 Corporate toll free719-339-1052 www.parexusa.com
AdministrativeCertificate of Completion
Voting ANSI, ASTM & ISO representative (TCNA) Tile Council of North America Board Member Membrane Committee . TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation Method F113-07 Dry-Set Mortar or Latex-Portland Ce
1.3 Materials Materials used should be durable and resistant to vandalism and neglect. Applied finishes such as paint should be avoided. Examples of good materials: - (a) Floor Non-slip ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles, terrazzo. (b) Wall Ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles, stainless steel, enamelled
bedrooms & kitchen : Vitrified tiles of size 600mm x 1200mm Bathroom : Anti-skid ceramic tiles of size 300mm x 300mm Covered Deck : Vitrified tiles (matt) of size 600mm x 600mm Terrace : Pressed tiles finish Private open terrace : Vitrified tiles (matt) of size 600mm x 600mm Car parking : Kota / Shahabad / Eurocon tiles finish
sliding velocity. Friction coefficients are very high for the ceramic/ceramic pair beginning at 0.60 -4-0.10 (very erratic) at room temperature and steadily increasing with temperature to above 1.0 at 900 C. The friction coefficient for the ceramic/metal pair is about the same as that of the ceramic/ceramic pair at
given way to ceramic tiles. A 6 mm thick ceramic tile serves the purpose at a place where a 25 mm thick terrazzo tile has to be used. There is no comparison of the finish as the ceramic tiles provide a highly attractive surface while the terrazzo tiles begin to look ugly after a year or so. There may be a lot of
Bathroom - Ceramic tiles, builders selected colour board range not exceeding 22 SQM WC/Powder Room - Ceramic tile, builders selected colour board range not exceeding 22 SQM Laundry - Ceramic tiles, builders selected colour board range not exceeding 22 SQM Ensuite - Ceramic tiles, builders
Ceramic Stone The Ceramic Stone is a synthetic stone available in either fine, medium or coarse grits. Fine grit ceramic stones are excellent for routine sharpening of dental instruments. Water can be used for lubrication or the stone can be used dry. When sharpening with a Ceramic Sto
2.2 Stone Cladding The Natural Stone Institute is a trade association representing every aspect of the natural stone industry, with history going back to 1894. [1]. NSI members commonly produce stone cladding, stone flooring, and stone countertops. Stone cladding is applied to a building exterior to separate it from the natural
HB 161-2005, Guide to plastering. Tolerances for tiling floors with ceramic tiles are included . AS 3958.1-2007, Ceramic tiles – Guide to the installation of ceramic tiles. In 2007 the Victorian Building Commission produced the publication ‘ .
