School Of Aerospace Engineering AE/ME 6766 Combustion .

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School of Aerospace EngineeringAE/ME 6766 Combustion:IntroductionJerry Seitzman250020000.151500CH4H2OHCO x 1000Temperature0.110000.05500Temperature (K)Mole Fraction0.2Methane Flame0000.10.20.3Distance (cm)Introduction -1Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 CombustionSchool of Aerospace EngineeringImportance of Combustion Chemical energy conversion by combustion to usefulwork/heat is significant energy source ( 80% in U.S. 2019) Many applications– propulsion: ground, air, marine, space (high power density)– power generation: natural gas/coal/oil/biomass boilers, lowemissions gas turbines– heating systems: water, space heating, district heating (e.g.,GT steam plant), food processing– industrial processes: manufacture of cement, glass, paper,metal, carbon black; drying; materials/chemical processing– energetic materials: fireworks, demolition, munitions– fire safety: ignition, flame spread, smoke generation– incineration: waste, toxic materials Related technologies: fuel cells, catalytic (low T) combustionIntroduction -2Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 Combustion1

School of Aerospace EngineeringEngineering Issues in Combustion Efficiency (chemical-thermal energy conversion)– typically high, 98-99% Environmental impacts– pollutants: NOx, SOx, CO, soot (PM2.5), UHC, – global climate: CO2, H2O, particulates (cloud formation) cleaner and sustainable fuels (syngas, biofuels, H2) Stability– static (flame stability): flame loss, blowout– dynamic: acoustic-heat release coupling, combustion dynamics Volumetric efficiency (especially for propulsion systems)– size/weight of combustor (residence time limitations) Heat loading distribution– combustor walls; heat exchange surfaces (boilers, “crackers”, ) Safety (flammability, explosions, detonations, )AE/ME 6766 CombustionIntroduction -3Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.School of Aerospace EngineeringWhat is Combustion? Self-sustained “oxidation” of a fuel– fuel typically a hydrocarbon– oxidizer typically airThermodynamicsMaterials ScienceChemicalKineticsIntroduction -4Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.Combustion TransferCombustionScience &TechnologyComputer ModelingControlsFluidMechanicsAE/ME 6766 Combustion2

School of Aerospace EngineeringLearning ObjectivesTo provide fluency in:1. Modeling rates of chemical reaction processes2. Reduced-order modelling of combustion processesbased on coupled chemical-thermal analysis (reactors)3. Conservation/transport equations for reacting flows4. Structure and propagation limits of laminar premixedcombustion waves5. Structure and controlling processes in laminar nonpremixed (diffusion) flames6. Time and spatial scales in turbulent flames, and basicissues in turbulent combustionIntroduction -5Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 CombustionSchool of Aerospace EngineeringOverview of Topical Outline Review– chemical thermodynamics: equilibrium changes incomposition, temperature, pressure– gas kinetic theory: collision rates Chemical kinetics– extend kinetic theory to rates of chemical reactions– reaction mechanisms (set of reactions) Coupled chemical/thermal modeling– chemical reactors that use highly simplified fluidmechanic assumptions (e.g., no diffusion/mixing orinfinite mixing rates) Generalized conservation/transport equationsIntroduction -6Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 Combustion3

School of Aerospace EngineeringOverview of Topical Outline (con’t) Premixed laminar combustion– structure of supersonic (detonations) and subsonic(flames) combustion driven waves– propagation: flame speeds, flammability limits,quenching, stretch,– ignition Nonpremixed laminar combustion– diffusion-limited flames: jets and burning droplets– finite rate chemistry effects vs. fluid/evap. times Turbulent flames– time and spatial scales– premixed and nonpremixed combustionIntroduction -7Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 CombustionSchool of Aerospace EngineeringCourse Syllabus Complete syllabus available on Canvas and classweb page (seitzman.gatech.edu/classes/ae6766) Learning exercises and assessments––––homeworkprojects (with formal reports)midterm exams (2)final exam Collaboration– acceptable to discuss homework/projects with otherstudents (or colleagues)– copying (even with attribution) unacceptableIntroduction -8Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 Combustion4

School of Aerospace EngineeringResources Class web site– seitzman.gatech.edu/classes/ae6766– this link also available on Canvas Textbook– Stephen Turns, An Introduction to Combustion: Conceptsand Applications, 3rd edition Additional texts– Irvin Glassman, Combustion, 3rd edition– C.K. Law, Combustion Physics– Bernard Lewis and Guenther von Elbe, Combustion, Flamesand Explosions in Gases– Forman Williams, Combustion Theory, 2nd edition– Kenneth Kuo, Principles of Combustion– Roger Strehlow, Fundamentals of CombustionIntroduction -9Copyright 2004-2005, 2020-2021 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.AE/ME 6766 Combustion5

–Stephen Turns, An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications, 3rd edition Additional texts –Irvin Glassman, Combustion, 3rd edition –C.K. Law, Combustion Physics –Bernard Lewis and Guenther von Elbe,

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